702 J A Sr 
are fertile ; thefe have alfo a club-ffiaped ftigma, which 
becomes afterwards bifid ; "becaufe the anthers of thefe 
have evacuated their pollen before the ftigma burfts, it 
feems probable that the fecundation is made by the an¬ 
thers of the barren florets. The ftyles of the barren florets 
are all upright; but thofe of the fertile ones are bent 
down, for the eafier reception of the pollen. In this cu¬ 
rious account of the procels of fecundation in this plant, 
the botanift cannot but remark the affinity that it bears 
in this circumftance to the genuine plants of the clals 
fyngenefia, where Linnaeus placed it, and whence modern 
reformers have removed it. In its general appearance it 
fo refembles a fcabious, as to be taken for one by unflcil- 
ful botanifts. It is common on dry Tandy grounds, heaths, 
and hilly paftures, flowering from June to Auguft. The 
whole plant is milky, and is fometimes eaten by Iheep. 
Linnasus fays, that bees are particularly fond of the 
flowers. Ray calls it rampinns with fcabious-likc heads, and 
Withering, fcabious fneep's-bit. It varies much in fize, 
and on the fea-coaft of Cornwall it is only about an inch 
high when full grown, and the whole plant is very hairy. 
1 3 . The younger Linnaeus, in his Supplement, mentions 
a variety with perennial roots, the Item higher than in the 
common fort, the heads of flowers larger. It varies with 
very fmooth and very hairy leaves from the fame root, 
fonie entire, and others ferrate. Its native place is un¬ 
known ; but the feeds were communicated by Monf. 
Thouin. Villars, however, affirms that the common ja- 
lione is perennial. See Astra^tia. 
JASK, a town of Croatia: fourteen miles north of 
Carlftadt. 
JA'SLO, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of Sando- 
mirz : feventy-two miles fouth-fouth-weft of Sandomirz. 
JASTOWIEC'Z, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of 
Kaminiec : forty-eight miles weft-north-weft of Kaminiec. 
JAS'MINE, f. [ge/feminum ; jafrain, Fr. It is often pro¬ 
nounced jcjfamine. ] A creeping fltrub with a fragrant 
flower. See Jasminum. 
Thou, like the harmlefs bee, may’ft freely range ; 
From jafmine grove to grove may’ft wander. Thomfon. 
JASMI'NI FLO'RE. See Volicameria. 
JASMINOPDES. See Cestrum and Lycium. 
JASMINUM, f. [from toy, Gr. violet, and lao-pri, 
odour; on account of the fine odour of the flowers.] 
Jasmine, or Jessamine; in botany, a genus of the clafs 
diandria, order monogynia, natural order of fepiariae, 
(jafmineae, Jiff.} The generic characters are—Calyx: pe- 
rianthium one-leafed, tubulated, oblong; mouth five¬ 
toothed, upright, permanent. Corolla: one-petalled, fal- 
ver-fhaped; tube cylindric, long; border five-parted, 
flat. Stamina: filaments two, fhort; antherae fmall, with¬ 
in the tube of the corolla. Piftiilum : germ roundifh ; 
ftyle filiform, lengtji of the ftamens ; ftigma bifid. Peri- 
carpium : berry oval, fmooth, two-celled or two-capfuled. 
Seeds : two, large, ovate-oblong, arillated, convex on one 
fide, flat on the other. The fhape of the flower varies as 
to acutenefs or obtufenefs. The berry is in fome fimple, 
in others dicoccous.— EJfential Char abler. Corolla falver- 
fhaped ; berry dicoccous ; feeds folitary, arillated. 
Species, i. Jafminum fambac, or Arabian jafmine: 
leaves oppofite, fimple, elliptic, ovate, and fubcordate, 
membranaceous, opaque, branchlets and petioles pubef- 
cent, calycine fegments awl-fhaped. Arabian jafmine 
riles with a winding ftalk to the height of fifteen or twenty 
feet, fending out many fmall branches. Leaves fmooth, 
near three inches long, and almoft two broad, of a light 
green, on fhort footftalks, and ending in acute points. 
The flowers are produced at the end of the branches, and 
alfo upon the fide-ffioots, on fhort peduncles,, each gene¬ 
rally fuftaining three flowers, the two lower oppofite, and 
the middle one longer. Thefe flowers are of a pure white, 
and have a moft agreeable odour, fomewhat like orange- 
flowers, but lvveeter ; when fully blown, they drop out of 
their cups upon being fhaken, and frequently fall out in 
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the night, changing foon to a purplifh colour. The plants 
continue flowering great part of the year, when they are 
kept in a proper temperature of warmth. This beautiful 
plant, fo much efteemed for its highly odoriferous flowers, 
is a native of the Eaft Indies, and is much cultivated 
there, in China, and the Weft Indies. There are feverai- 
varieties of it in thofe countries. We have it both with 
fmgle and double flowers, and alfo with double large 
flowers. The laft (Mr. Miller fays) grows naturally 
at Malabar; and, having a moft agreeable odour, the wo¬ 
men there firing the flowers to hang round their necks, 
by way of ornament. It grew in the royal gardeu at 
Hampton Court at the end of the feventeenth century j 
but, being loft there, was known in Europe only in the 
garden of the grand duke of Tufcany, who would not 
fuft’er any cuttings or layers to be taken from his'plants, 
till Mr. Miller received a plant of it from the Malabar 
coaft, by captain Quick, about the year 1730. 
2. Jafminum glaucum, or glaucous-leaved jafmine: 
leaves oppofite. Ample, lanceolate, filming, calycine feg¬ 
ments awl-fliaped. A ffirub with round, even, oppofite, 
branches; the flowers are larger than thofe of common 
jafmine. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, where it was 
found by Tliunberg; and alfo by Mafion. It was intro¬ 
duced here in 1774, and flowers in Auguft. 
3. Jafmine Capenfe, or Cape jafmine: leaves oppofite, 
ternate, ovate, acuminate; ftem erebl, angular. Found 
alfo at the Cape by Thunberg. 
4. Jafminum Azoricum, or Azorian jafmine : leaves 
oppofite, ternate, leaflets ovate and fubcordate, waved ; 
branchlets fmqoth, round ; fegments of the corolla equal 
to the tube. Azorian jafmine has longer flender branches, 
which require fupport, and may be trained twenty feet 
high; leaves of a lucid green,and continuingail the year; 
flowers clear white, and with a very agreeable feent. Na¬ 
tive of the Azores; of Madeira, according to the Kew 
catalogue. It flowers from May to November. 
5. Jafminum angulare, or angular jafmine: leaves op¬ 
pofite, ternate, leaflets ovate, obtufe ; branchlets angular, 
both they and the petioles villofe, peduncles axillary, 
three-flowered. Allied to the preceding, but differing in 
its angular villofe branches. Native of the Cape of Good- 
Hope. 
6. Jafminum auriculatum, or Malabar jafmine: leaves 
oppofite, ternate, on the flowering branchlets fimple; ca* 
lyxes angular, branches round and pubelcent, Culti¬ 
vated in Malabar, in the gardens of the idolaters. 
7. Jafminum flexile, or flexuofe jafmine : fmooth, leaves 
oppofite, ternate; racemes axillary, brachiate; ftem climb¬ 
ing, branches round. Native of the Eaft Indies. 
If. Jafminum didymum, or Society-ifle jafmine: fmooth, 
leaves oppofite, ternate; leaflets ovate-lanceolate ; racemes 
axillary. Native of the Society Iiles, in the South Seas. 
9. Jafminum fimplicifolium, or fimple-leaved jafmine ; 
leaves oppofite, ovate-lanceolate, Ample. Native of the 
Friendly Ifles, in the Soutli Seas. 
10. Jafminum fruticans, or common yellow jafmine s. 
leaves alternate, ternate; leaflets obovate and wedge- 
fnaped, obtufe ; branches angular, calycine fegments awl- 
lhaped. Common yellow jafmine has weak angular 
branches which require fupport, and will rife to the height 
of eight or ten feet, if planted againft a wall or pale. 
Native of the fouth of Europe and the Levant. Culti¬ 
vated in 1597 by Gerarde. Befides the common name of 
yellow jafmine, Parkinfon has thole oi Jhrubby trefoil and 
make^bate, which are now' obfolete. 
11. Jafminum humile, or Italian yellow jafmine: leaves 
alternate, acute, ternate, and pinnate; branches angular ; 
calycine fegments very fhort. Italian yellow jafmine is 
fo called becaufe the plants were annually brought from 
Italy by thofe who came over with orange-trees. The 
flowers are generally larger than thofe of the preceding, 
but have very little feent, and are leldom produced lb 
early in the lealon. Simple leaves are frequently inter- 
mixt with the ternate. Its native country was not known. 
