I A T 
the place of vegetable matter. The following diftinftive 
mark has been given by'which to afcertain the real origin 
of this jafper : “ In petrified wood not only the concen¬ 
tric circles of the original vegetable are prefent, but alfo 
the veflels or fibres which extend from the centre towards 
th'e circumference.” The fmooth Turkey lione-ftone is 
made of this variety of jafper, which is found in Bohemia, 
Hungary, &c. and in Siberia; but the matrix of it is not 
known. Malles, clofely refembling trunks and branches 
of trees, occur in great abundance difperled over the fandy 
diftridts of the northern part of Africa. 
JAS'QUE, a town of Perfia, in the Gulf of Ormus. 
Lat. 25. 40. N. Ion. 76. 50. E. Ferro. 
JASSE'NA, a town of Bohemia, in Konigingratz: eight 
miles north-eaft of Konigingratz. 
JASS'Y, a town of European Turkey, and capital of 
Moldavia ; fuppofed to have been a garrifon town in the 
time of the Romans : it has a citadel and fome fortifica¬ 
tions. The inhabitants are chiefly Greeks, and it is the 
fee of an archbilhop. In the year 1753, it was altnoll 
wholly burned down, with the palace of the hofpodar, 
fome Roman catholic convents, and a Proteftant Luthe¬ 
ran church. In the year 1711, and in 1739, it was taken 
by the Ruffians. In the year 1788, it was again taken 
by the Ruffians, and reftored in 1790 : 200 miles eaft of 
Otchakov,and 370 north of Conftantinople. Lat. 47.10. N. 
Ion. 45. 30. E. Ferro. 
JAS'TROVICZ, a lake of Croatia, four miles north- 
weft of Damianovitz. 
JASUBILI'HEM, [Hebrew.] The name of a place. 
JASWO'NY, a town of Samogitia : twenty-four miles 
fouth-ealf of Rofienne. 
JAT, a town of Sweden, in the province of Smaland : 
twelve miles fouth of Wexio. 
JATHNI'EL, [Hebrew.] The name of a man. 
JA'TOE, a town of the ifland of Borneo: 120 miles 
north of Negara. 
IATROLEP'TES,yi [lalgo?, Gr. a phyfician, and aXt\ir- 
*!?){, an anointer.] A phyfician who undertakes to cure 
difeafes by external unftions. 
IATROLEP'TIC, adj. and f. That which cures by 
anointing; that part of phyfic that cures by fridtion with 
■umdluous fubftances, and the application of fomentations 
and plalters. 
IATROCHEM'IST, f. A chemical phyfician, or one 
■who ufes or prefcribes chiefly chemical preparations. 
IATROMATHEMATPCIAN, f. A phyfician who 
confiders difeafes and their caufes mathematically, and 
prefcribes according to mathematical proportions. Bailey. 
lAT'ROPHA, / [from targor, Gr. a medicine, or ra¬ 
ther poilon ; and (petya , to eat. 'Linn.} Physic-nut, Cas- 
SAVA,or Manihot, and Caoutchouc, or India Rubber ; 
in botany, a genus of the clafs monoecia, order mona- 
delphia, natural order of tricoccae, (euphorbiae, JuJf.) The 
generic charadters are—I. Male flowers. Calyx : perian- 
thium fcarcely manifeft. Corolla: one petalled, funnel- 
form ; tube very ffiort ; border five-parted; divifions 
roundiffi, fpreading, convex, concave beneath. Stamina : 
filaments ten, awl-ffiaped, approximated in the middle ; 
the five alternate ones fliorter, upright, ihorter than the 
corolla; antherae roundifli, verfatile. Piftillum : a weak 
rudiment, latent in the bottom of the flower. II. Female 
flowers in the fame umbel with the males. Calyx : none. 
Corolla: five-petalled, rofaceous. Piitillum: germ round- 
iffi, three-furrowed; ftyles three, bifid ; ftigmas Ample. 
Pericarpium : capfule roundilh,. tricoccous, three-celled,, 
cells bivalve. Seeds : folitary, roundifli.— EJJential Cha¬ 
racter. Male. Calyx none ; corolla one-petalled, funnel- 
form; Itamina ten, alternately longer and fliorter. Female. 
Calyx none ; corolla five-petalled, fpreading 5 ftyles three, 
bifid; capfule three-celled ; feed one. 
Species. 1. Iatropha goffypifolia, cotton-leaved phyfic- 
nut, or wild caflava : leaves five-parted, lobes ovate, en¬ 
tire, ciliate ; briftles glandular, branched on the petioles. 
Stem from two to three feet high, herbaceous, branched, 
I A T 70 7 
fmooth. Branches fubdivided, round, befet at the bafe 
with branched glanduliferous cilias or briftles. Leaves 
digitate, veined, tender, often three-lobed ; lobes acute, . 
ferrate, toothed and ciliate, cilias glandular. Common 
peduncle terminating ; partial cymed, bifid ; male flowers 
very copious, females folitary, in the forks of the pedun¬ 
cles. Native of the Weft-India iflands ; very common in 
molt parts of Jamaica, where the foil is dry and gravelly, 
and the fituation warm. It grows molt luxuriantly about 
lioufes, where the ground is warmed with dung, and rifes 
in fuch places to the height of three feet and a half, or 
more. It is a very beneficial plant in every plantation 
where they raife any quantity of poultry, which are very 
fond of the feeds. A decoction of the leaves is lome- 
times uled as a purgative in the dry belly-ach. Hence it 
is called belly-ach weed. Browne names it wild cafava , or 
ca/adar. 
2. Iatropha glauca, or glaucous-leaved phj'fic-nut; 
calycled ; leaves five-cleft and three-cleft, ferrate-toothed; 
petioles naked, ftipules palmate. Stem herbaceous, erefi, 
a foot high, pubefeent. It is diltinguiffied from the pre¬ 
ceding at firfl fight by its glaucous hue; but, befides this, 
it differs in having the leaves produced at the bafe, but 
not tranfverfe ; the lobes oblong, ffiarply ferrate, not ovate 
and ciliate-glandular as in that; and the petioles naked, 
without branched glandular hairs. Native of Arabia and 
the Eaft Indies. 
3. Iatropha fpinofa, or prickly-flalked phyfic-nut; 
calycled ; leaves three-parted, lobes angular upwards, and 
quite entire ; ftem ffirubby, prickly. 
4. Iatropha variegata, or variegated phyfic-nut: caly¬ 
cled ; leaves lanceolate, quite entire. 
5. Iatropha glandulofa, or glandular phyfic-nut: ca¬ 
lycled; leaves five-lobed, villofe ; lobes toothletted, glan¬ 
dular ; ftem flirubby, without ftipules. 
6. Iatropha Moluccana, or Molucca phyfic-nut: leaves 
ovate, quite entire, fomewhat toothed. This is a tree, with 
alternate ovate or ovate-cordate leaves, with fome fcarcely- 
confpicuous angles, or one or two teeth, acute like thole 
of Plernandia, but not peltate. It has the fame general 
appearance with the other fpecies, but differs in the calyx,, 
and the number of petals and piftils. Now that it is better 
known, it is found that it ought to conftitute a diftindt 
genus. Native of the Molucca Iflands and Ceylon. 
7. Iatropha divaricata, or divaricated phyfic-nut: leaves 
ovate, acuminate, entire, very linooth; racemes divari¬ 
cating. Native of Jamiaca. 
8. Iatropha curcus, or angular-leaved phyfic-nut: leaves 
cordate, angular. Stem a fathom in height, or, accord-- 
ing to Browne, feldom more than feven or eight feet, fiuf- 
frutefeent, round, fmooth, and branched. Leaves five¬ 
angled, the angles at the bafe rounded, the reft acute. 
Flowers in terminating cymes; males pale yellow; fe¬ 
males green. Native of South America and the iflands in 
the Weft Indies. Browne fays it is very common in all 
the lugar-colonies, and cultivated frequently in inclo- 
fures, but dies after a few years. The leaves are much 
ufed in refolutive baths and fomentations, and the feeds 
fometimes as a purgative ; but they operate very violent¬ 
ly, and are therefore now but little ufed. Gmrtner fug- 
gefts, that it was firft obferved by Boyle ; that the fruit 
might be eaten with fafety if the embryo were taken out. 
9. Iatropha multifida, or French phyfic-nut:.. leaves 
many-parted, even ; ftipules brillle-lhaped, multifid. This 
grows generally to the height of five, fix, or leven, feejr, 
with a very fmooth fuffrutefeent ftem, and fpreading. 
branches. This fpecies is now very common in molt of. 
the iflands in the Weft Indies, but was introduced from; 
the continent firft into the French iflands, whence it is 
called in the Britifh iflands French phyfic-nut. It is much 
cultivated in Jamaica, and forms no fimall ornament in . 
their flower-gardens^ with its large bunches, of ; beautiful. 
red flowers. The whole plant diftils a tenacious wr.tery 
liquor. The feeds are purgative, but fo violent in their 
operation that they are now rarely adminiltered, though.* 
formerly/ 
