ILEX. 
34 b 
they often fuft'er in very cold feafons, where they are not 
very well Iheltered. The leaves of this are not fo bitter 
as thofeof the caffine, or caffioberry-bulh, efpecially when 
green, and therefore are "preferred for making an infufion 
in the manner of tea; which is accounted by the Indians 
very who'lefome, and is aim oft the only phyfic they ufe 
in fome parts. At a certain time of the year they come 
down in droves, from a diftance of fome hundred miles, 
to the coaft, for the leaves of this tree, which is not 
known to grow at any coniiderable diftance from the fea. 
They make a fire on the ground, and, putting a great 
kettle of water on it, they throw in a large quantity of 
thefe leaves, and, fetting themfelves round the fire, from 
a bowl that holds about a pint they begin drinking large 
draughts, which in a very fhort time occafion them to 
vomit eafily and freely; thus they continue drinking and 
vomiting for the Ipace of two or three days, until they 
have fufficiently cleanfed themfelves; and then, every one 
taking.a bundle of the tree to carry away with him, they 
all retire to their habitations. This plant is generally 
fuppofed to be the fame as that which grows in Paraguay, 
where the Jefuits make a great revenue from the leaves, 
and of which an account is given by Monf. Frezier. 
7. Ilex Afiatica: leaves broad-lanceolate, blunt, quite 
entire. Native of the Halt Indies. 
8. Ilex cuneifolia: leaves wedge-form, three-cufped. 
■Native of South America. 
9. Ilex Integra : leaves oblong, obtufe, entire; pedun¬ 
cles one-flowered. 
10. Ilex rotunda: leaves rounded, acute, entire; pe¬ 
duncles umbelliferous. 
it. Ilex crenata : leaves ovate, crenate; peduncles on 
the branches fcattered, bearing two or three flowers. 
12. Ilexemarginata: leaves obovate, emarginate ; flow¬ 
ers axillary, ulually in pairs. 
13. Ilex ferrata : leaves ovate, acute, ciliate, ferrate; 
'flowers axillary, folitary. It flowers in June. 
14. Ilex Japonica : leaves oppofite, feflile ; flowers in 
terminating racemes. It flowers in April. 
15. Ilex latifolia: leaves ovate, ferrate; flowers axil¬ 
lary, aggregate. 
16. Ilexcrocea: leaves oblong, ferrate; ferratures ci- 
liate-fpiny. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 
Propagation and Culture. Holly is propagated by feeds, 
which’ never come up the flrft year, but lie in the ground 
as the haws do; therefore the” berries Ihould be buried in 
the ground in a large pot or tub one year, and then taken 
up and fown in the autumn upon a bed expofed only to 
the morning fu,n. The following fpring the plants will 
appear, which muft be kept clean from weeds ; and, i,f the 
fpring ftiould prove dry, it will be of great lervice to the 
plants if they are watered once a-week ; but they muft 
not have it ofteuer, nor iir too great quantity, for too 
much moifture is very injurious to thefe plants when 
young. In this feed-bed the plants may remain two years, 
and then fhould be tranfplanted in the autumn, into beds 
at about fix inches diftance each way, where they may 
'Hand two years longer, during which time they muft be 
kept conftantly clean from weeds; and, if the plants have 
thriven well, they will be ftrong enough to tranfplant 
where they are defigned to remain; for, when they are 
tranfplanted at that age, there will be lefs danger of their 
failing, and they will grow to a larger fize than thofe 
which are removed when they are much larger; but, if 
the ground is not ready to receive them at that time, 
they ftiould be tranfplanted into a nurfery in rows at two 
feet diftance, and one foot afunder in the rows, in which 
place the plants may-remain two years longer; and, if 
they are defigned to be grafted or budded with any of the 
variegated kinds, that ftiould be performed after the plants 
have grown one year in this nurfery; but the plants fo 
budded, or grafted, fhould continue two years after in 
the nurfery, that they may make good fhoots before they 
are removed; though the plain ones ftiould not Itand 
longer than two years in the nurfery, becaufe, when they 
1 
are older, they do not .tranfplant fo well. The belt time 
for removing hollies is in the autumn, efpecially in dry 
land ; but, where the foil is cold, or moift, they may be 
tranfplanted with great fafety in the fpring. Hedges, of 
holly are raifed, either by fowing the berries where they 
are defigned to remain, or by plants of three or four j^ears 
growth ; but the latter method is the moft nfual; early 
in the autumn is the beft time for planting them, efpeci¬ 
ally in dry grounds ; or,:if it be deferred to the end of 
March, mulch muft be laid to their roots, to keep them 
from drying, and they muft be watered once a-week, if 
the feafon ftiould prove dry. Mr. Bradley obferves, that 
the. holly, being tap-rooted, does not love tranfplanting, 
unlefs the roots have been often pruned in the nurfery. 
He fays, the earth in which it is to be planted, cannot 
well be too barren ; and that September is the beft month 
for tranfplanting it. For fowing, Mr. Boutcher direCts, 
that the berries fhould hang on the trees till December, 
or, if they could be defended from birds, till February or 
March. As loon as they are gathered, throw them into 
a tub with water, and rub them between your hands, till 
the feeds are diverted of their thick glutinous covering. 
Pour off the water, with the light feeds that fwitn, the 
mucilage, &c. and fpread the feeds on a cloth in a dry 
airy place, rubbing them often, and giving them a frefh 
cloth daily till the feeds are quite dry. If this be done 
in autumn or winter, mix them with land, and keep them 
dry till fpring; but, if they have been gathered in fpring, 
let them be immediately fown. This may lie done any 
time in March or April, when the weather is feafonable, 
in beds of loofe light mould, three feet and a half broad, 
with alleys of eighteen inches between. _ Let the berries 
be fown regularly, and not too clofe, covering them with 
fine mould three quarters of an inch deep. The follow¬ 
ing year, in the beginning of April, draw out fuch a num¬ 
ber of plants as to leave the reft thin enough to receive 
all the influence of the fun. Plant thofe that are drawn 
in a fliady border, in rows eighteen inches afunder, and 
five or fix inches diftant in the rows. In this fituation 
they may remain three years. 
Profellor Bradley has given a method of forwarding 
the germination of thefe and other hard feeds, for which 
he pretends to have been obliged to the incomparable fir 
Ifiiac Newton. Having obferved that berries of this kind 
.which have been eaten by fowls, and pafs through their 
bodies, begin to vegetate foon afterwards, we have no 
more to do than to contrive a mixture, which ftxall have 
in it a heat and moifture refembling that, in the bodies of 
birds, and to lay the feeds in it for a few days before wc 
fow them. For this purpofe provide a bulhel of bran, 
with which mix your feeds, and then wet the whole very 
well with rain or pond-water, and let the preparation re¬ 
main ten days without any difturbance in a veflel of wood 
or ftone. In about three days the mixture will begin to 
ferment, and fo continue thirty or forty days, if it be 
fprinkled from time to time with warm water, as it be¬ 
gins to dry. The heat of this moiftened bran will put 
the berries into a ftate of vegetation fit for fowing in 
about a week's time after the fermentation has com¬ 
menced. 
Mr. Evelyn affirms, that the varieties with white ber¬ 
ries, and gold and filver leaves, may be raifed from feeds 
fown and planted in a gravelly foil, mixed with ftore of 
chalk, and preffed hard down. Mr. Miller alfo fays, that 
he has raifed the hedge-hog holly from the berries, and 
always found the plants to continue the fame. They 
are, however, all ulually propagated in the nurferies by 
budding or grafting upon the common holly. The ftocks 
will be fit to be grafted or budded on at four or five years 
growth. The grafting muft be done in March, and the 
budding in July. 
Thefe directions may ferve for the fecond, fourth, and 
fifth, forts. The third requires the protection of a green- 
houfe. The other forts have not been introduced, except 
the fixth, which is propagated from feeds, fown in pots 
filled 
