LABRUS. 
II. Tail entire, i. e. either Jlraight, rounded, or fpear-Jhaped. 
52. Labrus hiatula, the gaping wrafle : no anal fin ; 6 or 
7 black bands on the body. Cepede has made this a dif- 
tinfil genus, (Hiatula,) on account of its wanting the anal 
fin. It was firft oblerved at Carolina by Dr. Garden. 
The lips are retractile, w'rinkled within; and the fpinous 
rays of the dorfal fin, towards the tail, are furnifhed with 
a long filament, as in moll of the genus ; the fimple rays 
equal. The teeth in the jaws are crooked and fliarp, thole 
in the palate orbicular. The dorfal is black in the pofte- 
rior part ; gill-coverts punftured at the edge. There are 
fix or feven tranfverfe black ftripes or bands on the body; 
the tail rectilinear. 
53. Labrus marginalis, the tnarginated wrafle : body 
browniih ; edge or margin of the dorfal and pedtoral fins 
tawny. Country not known. 
54. Labrus ferrugineus, the ferruginous wrafle : body 
ferruginous without fpots. Inhabits India. 
55. Labrus ocellatus, the eye-tailed wrafle: dorfal fin 
filamentous; an eye-lhaped fpot at the middle of the bafe 
of the caudal. Country not*knowm. 
56. Labrus melops, the melops: dorfal fin filamentous 
like the preceding, and wdth the anal variegated; a brown 
emilunar fpot behind each eye. Inhabits the fouthern 
European feas. 
57. Labrus Niloticus, the Egyptian wrafle: dorfal, anal, 
and caudal, fins clouded. Inhabits Egypt, chiefly the 
Nile. Brown, in his late Travels in Africa, Egypt, and 
Syria, defcribes it, “ like the white trout, but lometimes 
weighing 5olbs.” If he means the fhape of the tail to be 
like that filli, this fpecies fhould belong to the firft divifion. 
58. Labrus lulcus, the blinking wrafl'e : all the fins 
yellow ; upper eyelid black. Prevailing colour yellow ; 
country unknown. 
59. Labrus cinereus, the cinereous wrafle: body grey 
with darker fpots, a black fpot at the bafe of the tail. This 
is Gmelin’s 64th fpecies, labrus grifeus-, but, as there is al¬ 
ready a grifeus, the 5th fpecies, (our 20th,) we have fol¬ 
lowed Cepede in altering the fpecific name to cinereus. 
It inhabits the Mediterranean ; is three inches long ; oval 
compielfed. Cheeks with a few bluelines; iris green ; 
fiiouth fmall; teeth final!, the fore-ones larger; fins red- 
riifli, with dulky-yellow fpots; tail yellowilli towards the 
bafe. 
60. Labrus Cornubius, the gold-finny : a large black 
fpot near the tail; firlt rays of the dorfal fin tinged with 
biack. It inhabits the Cornilh coafls, and is about a palm 
long; fimilar to the tench; fnout like a hog; tail ilraight. 
6 1. Labrus mixtus", the yellow-and-blue labrus : body 
variegated with yellow and blue; front teeth largelt. The 
tapper furface is blue with brown and yellow fhades ; un¬ 
der part yellow. Inhabits the Mediterranean, coafls of 
Dalmatia ; refembles I,, pavo. 
62. Labrus fulvus, the yellowilh wrafle : body tawny, 
tail convex. Inhabits North America. The aperture of the 
mouth is large, with three or four large teeth at the extre¬ 
mity of the upper jaw, and fome fmall ones in the palate; 
the lower jaw the longed, and furnifhed with a row of 
fmall teeth; there is a flrong fpinein the tail-fin; feales fmall. 
’ 63. Labrus merula, the blackbird wrafle : body blackifli 
blue. The ventral fins, as in mod of the fpecies, have 1 
fpinous and 5 articulated rays ; the dorfal has 10 fpines, 
each with a filament, and 15 articulated rays; tail-fin 
ftraight. The colour of this fpecies has gained it the 
name of blackbird ever fince the days of Arifiotle. It 
was common, and very natural, to diflinguilh animals lit¬ 
tle known by fome peculiarity in colour or form fimilar 
to one more familiar; but fome naturalids went farther ; 
they pretended, that of this fpecies there were individuals 
entirely white, as occafionally may be found among the 
blackbirds ; and this change from black to white was 
faid to be regular, periodical, annual, and common to all 
the fpecies; whereas among birds we know it to be very 
rare, and fubjefl to no rule. Arifiotle fays, that this fifh 
and theTurdus merula appear in all their beauty of glofly 
Voi. XU. No. *07. 
black in the fpring, having pafied the winter in the rocky 
bottoms of the fea-fhore, but that for the red of the year 
they are white. It is poflible, that in certain countries, 
the want of food, or its peculiar qualities, the nature and 
temperature of the water, and fome other caufes, might 
combine to tarnilh the glee's of the feales, and give them 
a grey or dirty-white appearance. The iris of the eye is 
of a beautiful red, as in many birds of black plumage. 
Inhabits the feas of Europe. Scales large; teeth large and 
bent back ; jaws equal. 
64. Labrus rone, the rone: rays in the dorfal fin, 
that fin filamentous and very long; f m the anal; caudal 
rectilinear, with 14 rays; the upper lurface dark red with 
green flreaks ; under furface red mingled with yellow. 
Inhabits the feas of Norway. 
65. Labrus fuliginofus, the clouded wrafle: rays in 
the dorfal fin, ^ in the anal ; lower jaw the longed; the 
two firlt teeth in each jaw longer than the red ; the head 
variegated with green, red, yellow ; four or five tranfverfe 
flripes on the body. The dorfal fin is dark purple with 
fome dots of a lighter blue; the pectorals reddifh with a 
black fpot at the bafe ; the ventrals varied with black, 
blue, purple, and greenifli ; the anal, black inclining to 
blue ; the caudal, green mixed with brown ; and there is 
a fmall black fpot at the extremity of each lateral line. 
This and the two following haunt the rocks about the 
ifles of Madagafcar, Mauritius, and Bourbon. 
66. Labrus tamianotus, the ribband wrafle : rays in 
the dorfal fin, ^ in the anal; two front teeth in each jaw 
longer than the red; rugofities difpofed in rays about the 
eyes ; two broad longitudinal green dripes upon each 
fide ; feales on part of the caudal fin, which is ftraight; 
coloured marks, likeChinefe letters, along the lateral line. 
Cepede has named this fufeus, from the colour of the back 
and head which are brown; the dorfal, anal, and tail, fins, 
are bordered with green ; the ventrals greenifli ; the pec¬ 
torals yellow at their origin, brown at their extremity. 
67. Labrus centiquadrus, the chequered wrafl’e: 9 fila¬ 
mentous fpines and 13 articulated rays in the dorfal fin, 
-£4 in the anal; the four firfl teeth in the upper jaw and 
two in front of the lower longer than the red ; head red- 
difh ; the whole furface of the body and tail marked it* 
fquares alternately white and purple black. Red lines 
and dots appear upon the dorfal and anal fins, and a black 
fpot upon each pedloral ; the caudal is yellowifh. 
68. Labrus marmoratus, the marbled wrafle: 10 fpines 
and 13 articulated (longer) rays in the dorfal fin, in 
the anal ; teeth equal, Handing apart, tail ftraight; the 
furface befpread with little dark fpots and larger whitifti 
ones, fo as to appear mottled or marbled. This and the 
following were obferved by Commerfon in the Great 
Equatoreal Ocean. 
69. Labrus macrourus, the great-tailed wrafle: 26 rays 
in the dorfid fin, 19 in the anal; fnout narrow and pro¬ 
truded; teeth large, flrong, and triangular; 10 ramified 
rays in the caudal fin, which is ftraight, and very large 
compared with the other fins; longitudinal ftripes or lines 
on the back ; a fpot at the origin of the dorfal fin ; molt 
of the tail, anal, and extremity of the dorfal fin, of a dark 
colour ; 14 rays in each peCtoral fin. 
70. Labrus iulis, the rainbow-fifh : two fpines in the 
anal fin, a ferpentine tawny ltripe along each fide ; fides 
bluifli. The membrane of the giils has 6 rays, the pecto¬ 
ral fins 14, the ventrals-?-, the anal 14, the tail 15, and the 
dorfal A*,. The jaws are of equal length, with four fharp 
bent teeth in front, and two rows of conical teeth alone- 
the fides Handing apart ; Willughby fpeaks of one row 
only; but, in fo fmall a fifh, he might ealily overlook the 
inner row, which are very minute. The palate and 
tongue are fruooth, but there are fome pearl-fliaped teeth 
in the throat. The noftrilsare double, and near the eyes. 
The pupil is black ; the iris orange-coloured. The gill- 
coverts are fmooth ; the Angle gill lies under the front 
one; the aperture is wide, and the membrane moftly con¬ 
cealed. The trunk is narrow and- thin ; the back and 
F belly 
