LAB 
as thofe on the body, which happens but feldom ; and 
there is no fifh with a rounded tail-fin whofe other fins 
are fo (harp at the points as in this. The body is thin 
and broad, covered with large, round, fmooth, (cales, ex¬ 
tending over part of the dorfal and anal fins, though in 
thofe places they are not fo large. The anus is in the 
middle of the body. The back and belly are round : back 
brown ; belly and fides lighter, marked with nine longi¬ 
tudinal yellow ftripes with brown fpots ; there are black 
ftripes upon the dorfal, anal, and tail, fins; the pec¬ 
torals and ventrals are dark grey. The foft rays of all 
the fins are long and bifurcated ; the feventh of the pec¬ 
toral is the longeft, the fecond of the ventral, the laft but 
one in the dorfal and anal 5 thefe rays are fo long, that 
they look like hairs. There is a round black fpot on the 
head, fides, and tail. Bloch gives 12 rays to the anal fin, 
of which he fays 4. are fpinous, which he makes the fpe- 
cific character. This fpecies inhabits the rivers of Suri¬ 
nam ; and probably does not exceed four or five inches in 
length. It is reprefented on the annexed Plate I. fig. 1. 
78. Labrus oflifagus, the bone-eater: dorfal fin with 30 
rays. This is the Linnsean fpecific charabter ; yet Gme- 
lin gives 17 fpinous and 14 articulated rays, in all 31, to 
the dorfal fin ; Cepede alters the fpecific character to cor- 
refpond with this number; Turton alters the number of 
rays to correfpond with the fpecific charafter. There are 
15 rays in the peClorals, ^ in the anal Cepede), | in 
the venfrals, and 13 in the tail. It inhabits the Atlantic 
and Mediterranean feas ; a very obfcure fpecies. It is 
not known whence it gained the appellation of ojjifagus, 
or ojfiphagus as Cepede more properly writes it; Turton 
makes it ojjifragiis, or bone-breaker, the name of a kind 
of eagle. 
79. Labrus rupeftris, the rock-wraffe : 17 fpines in the 
dorfal fin, which is filamentous; a brown fpot at the up¬ 
per edge of the tail. The membrane of the gills has 5 
rays, the peftora! fins 13, the ventrals ,the anal , the 
tail 17, the dorfal i-|. The head is marked on botli fides 
with blue ftripes, which go round the eye, and along to the 
muzzle. The jaws are of equal length, and furnifhed with 
a row of little (harp teeth, of whicli the four in front of the 
upper jaw are longer than the reft ; the tongue is thick, 
moveable, and fmooth ; the palate is fmooth alfo ; but 
there are two bones oppofite each other in the gullet fur¬ 
nifhed with (hort round teeth proper for triturating the 
aliment. The lips are flefhy; the noftrils are double, one 
pair round, the others oval. The pupil of the eye is 
black, iris gold-colour. The front operculum is minutely 
ferrated, double, and covered with fmaller fcales than the 
other; the (ingle gill is found on its interior furface. The 
aperture of the gills is wide; the membrane covered. 
The fcales are fmooth ; the anus is much nearer the tail 
than the head. The belly is white ; t the back greenifh 
yellow. On the body there are tranfverfe brown ftripes, 
and longitudinal red ones. -The fins are cinereous, but 
there is a black patch at the origin of the dorfal near the 
head. Bloch places this in his genus Lutjanus, of which 
the ferrature of the opercula is the generic character; but 
he feems to confound' it with the Labrus Cornubius, as 
he adds feveral of the fynonyma which in Gmelin accom¬ 
pany that genus. This l'pecies is found in the North Sea, 
and fometimes, though rarely, in the Baltic ; many are 
caught about the rocky fhores of Denmark and Norway, 
efpecially at Chriftianfund. They differ in fize according 
to the places where they ..are caught, but probably do not 
exceed fix inches. The flefh is white, and eafy of digef- 
t-ion, except (fays Pontopiddan) thofe caught near Weyle 
in Norway, which are too fat. They are cooked divers 
•ways, like the river-perch. 
80. Labrus onitis, the graffy wraffe: dorfal fin filamen¬ 
tous ; belly fpotted with cinereous and brOw.n. General 
colour brown; tail-fin rounded, and yellow. Inhabits 
the ocean. 
81. Labrus viridis, the parrot-wraffe s body green, with 
R U S. 19 
a blue line on each fide. Inhabits the Mediterranean; 
under furface yellow, fometimes with blue fpots on the 
belly. Cepede calls this L. pfittacus, the parrot, to dif- 
tinguifh it from Bloch’s 'L. viridis in the firft divifion, 
which we have named viridis vittatus. 
82. Labrus lurdus, the thruth labrus : body oblong, 
green, fpotted ; iris golden. Inhabits the Atlantic and 
Mediterranean feas ; fcarcely a foot long. The body is 
fometimes green, the peftoral fins pale yellow, the ventral 
blue ; fometimes deeper green, (hilling beneath the late¬ 
ral line, with golden fpots on the chin, and white ones 
in the middle ; and fometimes aboye yellow, with white 
fpots; beneath (livery, with red veins. 
83. Labrus exoletus, the five-fpined wraffe : dorfal fin 
filamentous ; a blue line on the body; five fpines in the 
anal fin : rays in the dorfal fin in the pefforals and tail 
13, ventrals i, ana! -fe. This fpecies inhabits the Atlan¬ 
tic Ocean ; it is found alfo in Norway, and fometimes in 
Greenland. 
84. Labrus Chinenfis, the Chinefe wraffe : dorfal fin 
filamentous, body livid, crown blunt. In the dorial fin 
rays, peflorals 13, ventrals f, anal ^, caudal 12. In¬ 
habits Ada, on the coafts to Ctiina. In this and the pre¬ 
ceding, Turton marks 23 rays to the anal fin ; probably 
errors of the prefs. 
85. Labrus Japonicus, the Japanefe wraffe : entirely of 
a fine full yellow colour. The dorfal fin has rays, the 
pectorals 16, ventrals •£-, anal ■§, tail 18. Six inches long; 
inhabits Japan ; oblerved by Houttuyn. The dorfal fin 
is filamentous ; opercula fcaly like the body ; teeth (mall 
and iharp. 
86. Labrus boops, the ox-eyed wraffe : lower jaw the 
longeft, two dorf.il fins. The fir(t dorfal fin has rays,. 
the fecond 12, pectorals 14, ventrals anal ix, tail 22, 
Large (harp teeth in the lower jaw, which is the longed. 
The eyes are very large, and by their width approach 
each other, occupying almoft entirely the upper part of the 
head. The opercula are covered with fcales fimilar to 
thofe on the back. Inhabits Japan. In Cepede we find 
this fpecies, and feveral of the Scitenas, in a feparate genus, 
between the Labrus and Sciasna, exprelling by its name, 
Cheilodipterus, that it has the extenfible lips of the La¬ 
brus, and two dorfal fins like the Sciaena. 
87. Labrus chromis, the pale wraffe : dorfal fins nearly 
united ; fecond ray of the anal very large, thick, and 
compreffed. The firft dorfal fin has 10 rays, the fecond 
■gL-, peftorals 18, ventrals 6, anal y, tail 19. Inhabits Ca~ 
rolina ; where it is called the drum , from the noife it is 
imagined to make. Obferved by Dr. Garden; fize of 
the river-perch. Body dull filvery, with brown bands. 
Gill-coverts one-toothed, not ferrate; firft ray of the anal 
fin very (hort and (iiff. 
In fome refpefls this refembles the Cheilodipterus cya- 
nopterus, or blue-fin, of Cepede, defcribed from Plumier’s 
MSS. Cepede’s account is as follows : Nine rays in the 
firftdorfal fin ; dorfals and caudal blue; tail ftraight; upper 
jaw longer than the lower, which is furnifhed with a barbie. 
Inhabits South America between the tropics. Gill-covert 
in three pieces ; the third piece toothed fo as to prefent 
two prolongations towards the tail; the upper rounded, the 
Lower Iharp. The lateral line exactly divides the colours 
of the upper and lower parts ; for above that line there 
are tints of gold, red, and green, in narrow unequal tranf¬ 
verfe ftripes, undulating and inclining towards the tail 5 
under the line, the bands are ftill more irregular and finu- 
ous, the colours only green and brown.; the pectoral, ven¬ 
tral, and anal, fins, are gold-colour; dorfal and tail blue;. 
88. Labrus cheilodipterus, the two-finned labrus : ten 
fpines in the firft dorfal fin, fecond filamentous ; tail 
rounded ; lower jaw the longeft; feveral rows of jagged 
teeth. There are 6 rays in the membrane of the gills, -fp 
in the fecond dorfal, 17 in each pectoral, £ in each ventral, 
•| in the anal, 20 in the caudal. This is defcribed by Ce¬ 
pede from a female-fpecimen fent him from Cayenne by 
citizes 
