€0 
LAB 
citizen Leblond. It inhabits South America, or that part 
ot' America which lies between the tropics. The oper¬ 
culum is in two pieces. 
Sg. Labrus linearis, the ftraight wraffe : body oblong ; 
all the rays of the dorfal fin fpinous except the laft. The 
dorfal tin has §~ rays, peiftorals 12, ventrals 6, anal 15, 
tail 12. The dorfal fin is very long 5 the head compreff- 
cd ; general colour white or whitifh ; front teeth largelt. 
Inhabits South America and India. 
90. Labrus lunulatus, the lunulated wraffe ; body 
greenilh brown with darker bands; fcales with each a fer¬ 
ruginous band ; bread fpeckled with red. There are 5 
rays in the membrane of the gills, in the dorfal fin, 12 
in the pectorals, in the ventrals, in the anal, 13 in 
the tail. Inhabits Arabia; a foot long; fcales broad, en¬ 
tire, grooved. Head fomewhat comp re tied; iris greenifh- 
brown. Gill-coverts with a red fpot towards the bale, the 
hinder part generally marked with a tawny lunule, fur- 
rounded with black on the membrane; gill-membrane 
greenilh, with two tawny lpots. Lateral line interrupted. 
Peitoral fins ronnded, yellow, the rell green, the Ipaces 
between the rays red or fpotted with red ; tail rounded. 
91. Labrus varic-gatus, the flriped wrafie: body red, 
with four lateral parallel olive ltripes, and as many blue 
ones. Five rays in the membrane of the gills, Ao * n ^ ie 
dorfal fin, 15 in the peftorals, £ in the ventrals, and 
in the anal. Inhabits the Britilh coafts; ten inches long; 
body oblong. Lips large, double ; gill-coverts cinereous 
ftriped with fine yellow. At the beginning of the dorfal 
fin a broad bed of rich blue, middle part white, the reft 
red ; at the bafe of the pectoral fins a dark olive fpot; 
ventral and anal fins tipt with fine blue ; tail rounded, 
upper half blue, lower yellow. 
92. Labrus venofus, the veiny wrafie: green, with red 
anaftomozing veins; a black fpot on the operculum and 
dorfal fin. Inhabits the Mediterranean ; body oval, cotn- 
prefifed, three inches long. Sides of the head with a few 
red longitudinal lines; filaments and band 011 the dorfal 
fin red. 
93. Labrus guttatus, the fpotted wrafie: body reddifh 
variegated with black; a fpot on the middle of the bafe of 
the tail-fin. This alfo inhabits the Mediterranean ; and 
is three inches long. Body oblong, comprefied, with very 
minute white fpecks in rows and black fpots. Iris green ; 
under each eye two oblique black lines. Fins pale ru¬ 
fous; anal fpeckled with white, and, with the ventrals, 
fometimes green. 
94. Labrus coquus, the cook : body purple and dark 
blue, beneath yellow : tail rounded. A fmall fpecies, 
which inhabits the coaft of Cornwall. 
95. Labrus cinasdus, the fordid wrafie: body pale yel¬ 
low, back purple, dorfal fin reaching from head to tail. 
This fpecies inhabits the Mediterranean ; where it was 
known in the time of Athenaeus, and even of Ariftotle, 
being named alphejlas, and cinedas, becaufe they were ge¬ 
nerally feen two together, one fwimming clofe to the tail 
of the other. This filh, like moft of thofe which haunt 
rocky places, called Jaxatiles, is foft, tender, eafy of diges¬ 
tion, and extrenjely good for weak ftomachs. Throat 
narrow ; teeth notched or lobated. 
96. Labrus albo-vittatus, the white-ftriped wrafie: ^ 
rays in the dorfal fin, ^ in the anal ; one row of fmall 
fbarp teeth in each jaw; lips very thick ; body oblong; 
colour yellowifh, two very long white ftripes, and a fhorter 
above them, along each fide; tail-fin rounded. 
97. Labrus cseruleus, the blue wrafie : rays in the 
dorfal fin, ~ in the anal ; general colour blue, with yel¬ 
low fpots and bluilh ftripes ; a large blue fpot in front of 
the dorfal fin ; ventrals, anal, and caudal, edged with blue; 
teeth longeft in front. This is faid by Cepede to inhabit 
the Britifh feas, as well as Norway and Denmark. 
98. Labrus lineatus, the lineated wraffe: rays in the 
dorfal fin, in the anal; fnout long, front teeth much 
•longer than tne reft; hind head railed and convex; body 
Jlong, tail rounded ; back reddifh, fides blue, brealt yel¬ 
low j belly pale blue; four longitudinal green ftripes on 
R U S. 
each fide. The ventral, anal, and tail, fins, are tipped 
with red; the latter yellow at the bafe; a blue fpot on the 
front part of the dorfal fin. This is a Britifh fpecies. 
99. Labrus maculatus, the maculated wraffe: the fins 
fpotted ; 20 Spines in the dorfal fin. The membrane of 
the gills contains 5 rays, the peftoral fins 14, the ventrals 
the anal 5^, the tail 17, and the dorfal §§■. The head 
terminates in a blunt fnout; there is one row of fharp 
teeth in each jaw, the lowermoft are the largeft ; the pa¬ 
late and tongue are Smooth, but the gullet is rough with 
lmall teeth. The noftrils are double, and near the eyes, 
and under the anterior operculum lies the Single gill. The 
pupil of the eye is black, iris gold-colour. The gills 
have a wide aperture, and the membrane is in part con¬ 
cealed ; on the front operculum are the apertures to the 
pituitary canals. The body is pretty broad, and thick in 
proportion. The anus is nearer the tail than the head. 
The fcales are broad, thin, and fmooth, covering part of 
the tail-fin, which is rounded. The back is dark yellow, 
the belly lighter ; alternate ftripes of blue and brown on 
the breaft; the colours of the male are the brighteft. The 
fins are yellow inclining to violet, and ornamented with 
brown fpots; the laft rays of the dorfal and anal fins much 
longer than the reft. This fpecies inhabits the North Sea, 
where it feeks the (hallows, not exceeding two fathoms 
deep, near the fhores ; it is found alfo in the bay called 
Chriftianfbucht, near Haaven. In the North Sea it attains 
the length of fifteen inches; it is fat, flefhy, and well- 
tafted. In Denmark it is called fea-carp. 
100. Labrus inermis, the unarmed wraffe: no fpines in 
the fins ; body very long; lateral line ftraight, or nearly 
fo ; a longitudinal line with black fpots upon each fide. 
The general colour is green ; the back brown ; whitifh 
fpots on the fides. Inhabits the Arabian Sea; difcovered 
by Forikal. 
101. Labrus ariftatus, the rough wraffe: 32 rays in the 
dorfal fin, 25 in the anal ; body comprefied, oval; fcales 
fhort, each raifed up by two bones ; teeth (landing apart, 
two in front of the lower jaw protruded. Difcovered at 
China by Sparrman. 
102. Labrus bivittatus, the two-ftriped wraffe; two 
brown ftripes along the body; the upper one running over 
the eye. The membrane of the gills has 5 rays, the pec¬ 
toral fins 14, the ventrals the anal -A., the tail 13, the 
dorfal . The head is fomewhat broad at the top, coin- 
preffed at the fides; in other refpefts, the head, mouth, 
&c. refemble the other fpecies. The eyes have a nictat¬ 
ing membrane ; pupil green, iris yellow. The body is 
narrow, and covered with large l'cales. The fins end in 
a point, except the tail, which is rounded. The back 
and belly are red ; the fides yellow’, which on the fins is 
(haded with violet; the tail-fin is violet with yellow fpots 
Country unknown. 
103. Labrus macrolepidotus, the great-fcaled wraffe: 
2% rays in the dorfal fin, 16 in the anal. The membrane 
of the gills has 5 rays, the pectoral fins 12, the ventrals 6, 
the anal 16, the tail 19. The head is fhort, comprefied, 
and fmooth ; jaws of equal length, with a row of fnarp 
teeth in each, of which the foremoft are the largeft ; the 
palate and tongue are fmooth, but there are teeth in the 
gullet. The noftrils are oval, and midway between the 
mouth and nofe. The eyes are vertical, and have a black 
pupil in a yellow iris ; underneath are two Semicircular 
rows of pores, or pituitary canals. The gills have a wide 
aperture, and the membrane is loofe ; the opercula are 
compofed of feveral little plates, and the fingle gill 1ms 
under the anterior one. The body is thin; the back and 
belly are carinated. The lateral line runs near the back, 
and is interrupted at the end of the dorfal fin ; the belly 
is fhort, and the anus nearer the head than the tail; the 
tail-fin is rounded. The fcales are thin, fmooth, round, 
and ftretch over part of the tail-fin. The dorfal fin is 
(hallow, but extends almoft the whole length of the body. 
The body is of a yellowifh brown colour, the fides lighter 
than the back and belly ; the head is yellow, and there 
are fpots of violet on the opercula j the fins are pale yel- 
