21' 
L A B R U - S. 
low inclining to violet, and there are Tome dark-blue 
fpots at the beginning of the dorfal. This fpecies is fup- 
pofed to be from the Eaft Indies. 
104. Labrus cyanocephalus, the blue-head : head blue, 
lateral line interrupted. There are 5 rays in the mem¬ 
brane of the gills, 32 in the peCtoral fin, ■§■ in the ventral, 
*4 in the anal, in the tail, and --L. in the dorfal. The 
Itructure of the head refembles the other fpecies: the nof- 
triis are fingle, but divided within ; they are oval, and 
placed nearly mid way between the eyes and mouth. The 
eyes are fmall, the pupil black, iris yellowifh. The gills 
have a large aperture ; the membrane is loofe, and the 
hinder operculum ends in a point. The lateral line inter¬ 
rupted. The back is dark blue, fides filvery ; fins grey, 
inclining to green ; tail-fin rounded. The.fc.ales are large, 
round, and thin. Country unknown ; the original from 
which this account is taken is in the cabinet of Mr. Linke 
at Leipfic. 
105. Labrus guttulatus, the dropped wraffe : round, 
filver drops or fpots on the body, and all the rays 
of the fins foft. The pectoral fins have each 13 fays, 
the ventrals 6, the anal 9, the tail 16, the dorfal 
19. The head and mouth are like the preceding fpecies; 
the nodrils are double, and near the eyes ; the pupil is 
black, iris filvery. The fcales are hard, and covered with 
a membrane. The fides are blue, the back brown, the 
belly whitifh; the fpots on the fides and on the anal fin 
are filvery, thofe on the dorfal yellow ; the head is blue 
decorated with filvery (tripes, one of which, of a vermi¬ 
cular form, runs from the top of the eye to the fin of the 
tail. The whole of this beautiful fi(h appears as if (tudded 
with filver and precious (tones ; the fpots are round, like 
new-fallen drops of rain. The tail-fin is rounded, and 
ramified. Its country is unknown; the original is in the 
cabinet of Mr. Linke at Leipfic; length about five inches. 
See Plate I. fig. 2. 
106. Labrus teffellatus, the wainfcoted wraffe: few fcales 
about the eyes and opercula. There are 4 rays in the 
membrane of the gills, 16 in each pedforal fin, a in each 
ventral, in the anal, 16 in the tail, and in the dor¬ 
fal. The mouth is fmall, with one row of fmall (harp 
teeth ; jaws equal. The fcales are very fmall and foft; 
near the eyes, towards the upper part of the operculum, 
there is only one patch of fcales, which Angularity has 
f'urniftied the fpecinc character. The eyes have a nictat¬ 
ing membrane; the pupil is black, in a filvery iris; in 
iVont of thefe are the double noftrils, and from- four to fix 
pores, which probably are apertures to the pituitary ca¬ 
nals. On the opercula and bread are home fmall brown 
fpots on a filvery ground; but there are larger fpots, run¬ 
ning one into another, like old wainfcoting, on the body. 
The back is violet-colour; the fides filvery 5 the ventral 
fins are black, the red blue and yellow; the fins are all 
rounded, and all the foft rays are ramified. This fpecies 
is from Norway 5 and is diown at fig. 3. 
107. Labrus 5-maculatus, the five-fpotted wrafie : the 
head covered with fcales, and 15 (pines in the dorfal-fin. 
The membrane of the gills has 5 rays, the pectoral fins 15, 
ventrals A, anal tail 16, dorfal 25. The head and mouth 
are as in the other fpecies, except the greater quantity of 
fcales (like the Sciasna) as mentioned above. The pupil 
of the eye is black, the iris yellow ; the nodrils are foli- 
tary and oval; under the eye is a curved line of pituitary 
pores. The membrane of the gills is for the mod part 
concealed. There is a black fpot on the fnout, one on 
the pofterior operculum, another on the anal fin, and two 
on the dorfal, whence the name. The fins are (hort, with 
dichotomous rays. The colour of this filh is yellow mix¬ 
ed with violet; on the head the violet colour prevails ; 
the fins are yellow, (haded with violet at the ends. This 
fpecies is from Norway. 
108. Labrus microlepidotus, the fmall-fcaled wrafie : 
no fpots, the opercula fcaly. There are 12 rays in the 
pectoral fins, A in the ventrals, in the anal, 18 in the 
tail, and in the dorfal. The head is narrow, and with- 
VOL. XII. No. S07. 
out fcales as far as the opercula; thi nodrils are fingle, 
and near the eyes ; thefe have a black pupil, and a nar¬ 
row yellow iris inclofed in a broader one of the colour of 
filver. The jaws are of equal length, with a row of (harp 
teeth not clofe together. The aperture of the gills is 
wide, and the membrane covered. The anus is nearly in 
the middle of the body. The fcales are very fmall. The 
head and back are dirty yellow, the fides and belly fil¬ 
very; the fins are white (haded with brown; the dorfal 
fin is moftly- brown; the foft rays are four-branched; tail, 
rounded. The country of this fpecies is unknown. 
109. Labrus tinea, the common wraffe, or old wife. 
Size and habit of a carp, or rather of a tench. The fcales 
large; nofe prominent; lips large, doubled, fleihy, refiex, 
and retractile; eyes red; teeth difpofed in two rows, the 
fil'd being conic, the fecond very minute, and as if de- 
figned for fupporters to the red; in the throat three tu- 
berculated bones, two above, and one below; thefe ferve 
to comminute the tedaceous food on which the animal 
chiefly lives. General colour pale red, more or lefs tinged 
either with orange or brown; but fometimes elegantly va¬ 
ried with blue, red, and yellow, fpots : fins red, fpotted 
and dreaked with blue ; pectorals large and rounded. 
Native of the European Teas; and ufually found in deep 
waters about rocky coadsi This is (hownat fig. 4. Plate II. 
no. Labrus ballan, the ballan wrafl'e: body yellow, 
fpotted with orange ; above the nofe a deep furrow, far- 
thed gill-covert with a depreflion radiated from the cen¬ 
tre. This is found during fummer in great (hoals at Scar¬ 
borough, coming from the coad of Norway ; it is about 
the fize ofL. tinea, of which probably it is only a variety. 
The author of Britifii Fiflies” confiders this, the pre¬ 
ceding, and the following, to be one individual fpecies. 
See the article Labrus tinea in Dr. Rees’s New Cyclopaedia. 
in. Labrus vetula, the fea old wife: ventral, anal, and 
tail, fins, edged with black. The membrane of the gills 
has 6 rays, the peCtoral fins 14, ventrals anal A, tail 
16, dorfal a*. The head is wedge-draped, and the fcales 
begiir at the eyes 5 near thefe are the nodrils, which are 
double. The jaws are of equal length, with a row of 
(harp teeth ; the palate and tongue are fmooth, but there 
are three bones armed with pearl-fhaped teeth in the 
throat. The eyes are near the top of the head; the pupil 
is black, the iris blue, and they are furnidied with the 
niClating membrane. The gills have a wide aperture, 
and the membrane is more than half concealed; the oper¬ 
cula are fcaly, and the fingle gill exids in this fpecies. 
The body and half the tail-fin are covered with fmall 
fcales ; tail rounded. The anus is in the middle of the 
body. The head is reddifli ; the body yellow, with dark, 
fpots of the fame colour with the back. The fins are 
modly bluifli, with a number of fpots on the anal, tail, 
and dorfal. This fpecies is found in Norway, on the coad 
of Brittany, and in Normandy. It grows to the length 
of ten or twelve inches ; it is flefhy and well-taded ; and 
much edeemed by the Bas Bretons, who fait and prelerve 
it. Whence it gained the name of old wife it is not eafy 
to guefs. See fig. 5.. 
112. Labrus Johjiius, the kamt. This and the following 
are made a new genus by Bloch ; and named by him af¬ 
ter Mr. John of Tranquebar, who tranfmitted the two 
fpecies contained in it, and a vad number of other fifties.' 
The generic characters are, The head covered with fcales, 
the opercula not ferrated, and the dorlal fins joined toge¬ 
ther. Thele fidies have a long body ; the fird dorfarfiru 
is raifed, and confids of hard prickly rays ; the other is 
narrow, with foft rays. The Tamuls, or Malabars, give 
this genus the name of kattalei, and they diftinguifii as 
many as eighteen fpecies, of which Bloch deferibes only 
two. The fpecific character therefore will be, the dorlal 
fin prefenting two different parts, and the protrufion of 
the upper jaw. The membrane of the gills has 5 rays, 
the pedtoral fins 16, the ventrals A, the anal |, the tail 18, 
the dorfal ^. The head is round, comprefl’ed, and en¬ 
tirely covered with fcales fimilar- to thofe on the back ; 
G the 
