22 
L A B R U S. 
the mouth is fmall, the fnout hanging over a little; there 
are feveral rows of (harp teeth, and the palate is rough 
alfo. The noftrils are double, and near the eyes ; the eyes 
are vertical, the pupil black in an orange iris. The lirlt 
piece of the operculum is narrow, the fecond broad ; the 
gills have a large aperture, and the membrane is for the 
molt part concealed. The back is rounded; the lateral 
line is broad, nearly ftraight; and of a faint yellow co¬ 
lour. The foft rays of the anal and tail are fix-branched, 
of the reft they are divided into four. The back and fides 
are blue, the belly yellow, the dorfal and tail fins blue, 
the others a beautiful red ; tail rounded. This fpecies is 
eighteen inches long ; it is caught at all feafons about 
Tranquebar, in the fea, for in rivers it is never feen ; it 
is fat and good eating, efpecially in December. The fifn- 
ermen fay it has no fixed time for fpawning. The Mala¬ 
bar name is carutta , which Bloch and Ctpede have chofen 
for the fpeclfic. 
113. Labrus aneus, the aney : the fpecific character is 
the protrufion of the lower jaw, and the dorfal fin divided 
as before. The membrane of the gills has 5 rays, the pec¬ 
toral fins T4, ventrals 6, anal 9, tail 18, dorfal . The 
mouth is large ; the teeth are fmall, narrow, and (harp. 
The lateral line is narrow, curved near its origin, and runs 
in a parallel direction with the back. The head, eyes, 
and fliape of the dorfal fin, refemble the preceding. The 
back and front part of the dorfal fin are blackifh ; the 
fides white ; the pedloral and ventral fins are brown red ; 
the pofterior part of the dorfal, and the anal and tail fins, 
are red at the bafe, and bluifh in other parts. This fpe¬ 
cies is alfo from the coaft of Coromandel; it is not fo good 
food as the preceding, which in other refpefts it refem- 
bles. The Indian name is and kattalei, which we have pre¬ 
fer ved. 
114. Labrus cingulum, the belted wraffe : rays in 
the dorfal fin, 16 in the anal ; two teeth in front of each 
jaw larger than the reft ; fnout pointed ; front part of the 
body livid, hind part brown, a whitifh belt or band round 
the middle; fmall lenticular dark purple fpots on the 
bead, dorfal, anal, and tail, fins; tail rounded. This and 
the following feven are defcribed by Cepede from Com- 
merlon’s manufcripts. They all inhabit the Great Equa- 
toreal Ocean, and feas which communicate with it; the 
prefent fpecies has been more particularly obferved at the 
Mauritius, or I fie of France. The rim of the dorfal and 
anal fin is often whitifh ; and there is commonly on the 
bind part of the operculum a black fpot with a white point 
in the middle, like the pupil of an eye encircled by its iris. 
115. Labrus digramma, the two-lined wraffe: rays 
in the dorfal fin, ^ in the anal; the lower jaw rather 
'iongeft, two front teeth longer than the reft ; two lateral 
lines, the upper one terminating beyond the dorfal fin, 
and uniting with the oppofite line; the lower one begins 
nearly under the middle of the dorfal fin, and runs into 
the tail-fin, which is rounded. 
xi 6. Labrus hololepidotus, the fcaly wraffe : rays in 
the dorfal fin, in the anal; teeth in the lower jaw nearly 
equal; fcales all over the head and opercula fimilar to 
thofe on the back ; opercula pointed ; tail rounded. 
117. Labrus taeniourus, the tail-banded wraffe ; 20 rays 
an the dorfal fin, Aj in the anal; teeth large, ftanding 
apart; fcales large, with a dark border ; lateral line hardly 
vifible; a broad ltripe or band acrofs the tail-fin, which 
is rounded. 
118. Labrus hortulanus, the garden labrus : ^ rays in 
the dorfal fin, which is low ; in the anal; inout pro¬ 
truded; teeth in the upper jaw nearly horizontal; two la¬ 
teral lines uniting about the middle of the dorfal fin ; tail 
rounded, with 16 rays; fpots on the head and opercula, 
and on the fide of each ray of the dorfal and anal fins ; 
the furface of the body and tail divided by Hoping lines 
into lozenge-fhaped partitions, with a fpot in the middle 
of each, fomewhat like plots or beds in a garden. 
119. Labrus fparoides, the broad wraffe: rays in the 
dorfal fin, as in the anal; the height or breadth of the 
budy nearly equal to the length of the body and tail 5 a 
dent over the eyes; lower jaw Iongeft; head and gill- 
coverts fcaly like the back; tail-fin rounded, containing 
37 rays; the fides irregularly fpotted. From Bofc’s ma- 
nufcripts. 
120. Labrus leopardus, the leopard wraffe : rays in 
the dorfal fin, ~ in the anal ; the fpines of the dorfal 
higher than the membrane ; mouth large, two teeth in 
front of each jaw larger than the reft 5 operculum in two 
pieces ; pe&oral and tail fins rounded ; fcales hardly vifi¬ 
ble ; a black line from the eye to the back of the opercu¬ 
lum, a very dark ftripe acrofs the tail ; fpots made up of 
other fmaller fpots on the head, body, tail, dorfal, and 
anal fins, like a leopard’s fkin. . 
121. Labrus malapteronotus, the foft-backed wraffe : it 
rays, all foft, in the dorfal fin, whence the name. Lower 
jaw a little protruded ; front teeth bent forwards; a dark 
fpot on the hind part of the operculum ; lateral line bent; 
tail rounded ; three whitifh fpots upon each fide of the 
body. 
122. Labrus Diana, the Diana wraffe ; J-§ rays in the 
dorfal fin, in the anal ; the dorfal fin in three diftinft 
parts, the caudal rounded, and confiding of 12 rays. Four 
large teeth in front of the upper jaw, two in front of the 
lower ; one large tooth bent forward, at each corner of 
the mouth; each fcale marked with a fmall dark-coloured 
crefcent, whence the name. Obferved by Commerfon in 
the Great Equatoreal Ocean. 
123. Labrus macrodontus, the great-toothed labrus ; 
A-f-.rays in the dorfal fin, -fe in the anal ; laft rays Iongeft; 
tail rounded, with 14 rays; fcales large; hind head 
raifed ; four ftrong hooked teeth at the extremity of each 5 
a large one bent forward at each corner of the mouth. 
Country unknown ; this being part of a Dutch collection 
brought to Paris during the revolutionary war. 
124. Labrus Neuftria, the Neuftrian wraffe, or great old 
wife: -|f- rays in the dorfal fin, in the anal, and 7 in 
the membrane of the gills ; tail rounded, with 15 rays ; 
teeth equal, ftrong, ftanding apart; back marbled with 
yellow, brown, and green; fides with yellow, brown, and 
white. The dorfal fin is coloured like the fides of the 
fifh ; the reft of the fins in a manner fimilar to the back. 
Inhabits the fhores of the ancient Neuftria. This and 
the next are from the manufcripts of cftizen Noel of 
Rouen, who, however, would place them among the Che- 
todons. 
125. Labrus calops, the fine-eyed wraffe: |-| rays in 
the dorfal fin, in the anal ; eyes black, "very large and 
bright, hence the name; lateral line ftraight, fcales ftrong 
and broad ; a large brown fpot juft beyond each pedtoral 
fin. There is a row of double fharp teeth in each jaw. 
The back is of a brownifh colour ; the whole fifn, except 
the head, is covered with large fcales of fingular bright- 
nefs. Flefh white and firm, like young cod ; air-bladdex 
very large. 
126. Labrus cruentatus, the bloody wraffe : rays in 
the dorfal fin ; teeth fhort, even, diltinCt ; lower jaw the 
Iongeft ; eye very large ; lateral line very near the back ; 
tail-fin tapering to the end, and rounded ; general colour 
filvery, with very large irregular blood-coloured fpots; 
the fins are golden. A beautiful fpecies. This and the 
following were obferved in America by Plurnier. 
127. Labrus pfittaculus, the paroquet wraffe : 18 rays in 
the dorfal fin, which is very low, yellow, and nearly equal 
throughout; 12 in the anal and tail; mouth fmall, jaws 
nearly equal; body oblong, tail rounded. General colour 
green, with three red ftripes along each fide, and one on 
the dorfal fin ; a black ltripe on each eye; a red ftripe 
edged with blue from the eye to the origin of the dorfal 
fin, and on the hinder rim of each piece of the opercu¬ 
lum; the anal fin is yellow with a red border; the caudal 
is yellow alfo, with four or five ftripes, which are crooked, 
concentric, unequal in fize, alternately red and blue. 
128. Labrus perdica, the partridge wraffe; tail even, 
back ftraight, crown fmooth ; body with indented yellow 
ftripes on each fide. This fpecies inhabits the fea round 
Conltantinople. Head above bvovyn 3 beneath reddiflt- 
vehite j 
