23 
LAB 
white.; hinder gill-coverts unarmed, ending in a rounded 
angle, and blue at the tip ; lateral line above favv-toothed. 
Dorfal and anal fins reddifh ; pectorals with a blue fpot 
at the bafe. 
129. Labrus comber, the comber: back, fins, and tail, 
red; belly yellow; tail rounded; (Cepede fays fpear- 
fliaped.) This inhabits the coalt of Cornwall; has a flen- 
der fmall body. A parallel fmooth even fiivery ltripe 
reaches from the gills to the tail on each fide, below the 
lateral line. The operculum is lengthened out, and 
rounded at its extremity. 
130. Labrus melapterus, the black-finned wraffe: fins 
black ; eight fpines in the dorfal fin. The branchial mem¬ 
brane has five rays, the pedtoral fins 12, the ventrals 6, the 
anal 13, the tail 15, the dorfal 29. The head is Hoping ; 
the mouth fmall; each jaw armed with two canine teeth 
and a row of grinders ; the canine teeth of the lower jaw 
are bent outwards ; the palate is fmooth ; the noftrils 
fingle, round, and near the eyes. The eyes are fmall, 
with a black pupil and orange iris, and bordered with pi¬ 
tuitary canals in a radiated form. The aperture of the 
gills is large, and the membrane almoft entirely concealed. 
The fcales are large and fmooth, with a light-brown ra¬ 
diated fpot upon each ; the anus is in the middle of the 
body. The head and back are of a red brown ; the belly, 
tail, opercula, and round the eyes, green ; the fides yel- 
lowifh; the fins black, except the peftoral which is brown. 
This fpecies is from Japan, where it is called ikan cacatoea. 
131. Labrus trimaculatus, the red wrafl'e : body red, 
with two large fpots at the lower part of the dorfal fin, 
and a third between that fin and the tail. There are five 
rays in the membrane of the gills, in the dorfal fin, 
15 in the peftorals, 6 in the ventrals, 12 in the anal. The 
head is narrow, and without fcales as far as the eyes, near 
which appear the double noftrils. The aperture of the 
mouth is fmall; the jaws nearly equal in length, with a 
row of fliarp teeth, of which the front ones are the longeft; 
the tongue is moveable, and fmooth, as is the palate, but 
the throat is exafperated with round grinding teeth. The 
pupil of the eye is black, iris yellow. The front opercu¬ 
lum is covered with very fmall fcales, and conceals the 
fingle gill; the aperture is wide, and the membrane for 
the molt part concealed. The trunk is narrow ; the fcales 
fmall, extending over part of the tail-fin. The belly is 
round; the back lliarp ; the anus is nearer the tail than 
the head. The fins are rounded ; “ the ventrals (fays 
Bloch) lie farther back than the pectorals ;” they do in¬ 
deed begin rather farther back, but not fo decidedly as to 
require that this filh fliould be removed into the abdomi¬ 
nal order. The whole filh is of a bright red colour, which 
is lighter on the fides; the dorfal, anal, and tail, fins, are 
fometimes edged with blue, as expreffed in the Plate III. 
fig- 6-. 
This fpecies is from Norway, being found at Cbriftian- 
fund near Haaven, where it is called fudernaal. It attains 
a foot in length, living on thell-filh, and is delicate food. 
“ It is ftrange,” adds Bloch, “ that Gmelin fliould not 
have introduced this filh into his lalt edition of Linnaeus.” 
That accurate obferver for once was guilty of an overfight; 
this is the 57th fpecies of Gmelin’s edition. We find this 
filh alfo on o.ur own coafts; it is known in the ifle of An- 
glefea and on the coaft of Cornwall. 
132. Labrus chloropterus, the green wraffe: colourgreen, 
two canine teeth in each jaw, and two fpines in the anal 
fin. There are 6 rays in the membrane of the gills, 13 in 
the pedtoral fins, A in the ventrals, 12 in the anal, 16 in 
the tail, and in the dorfal. The head is narrowed in 
front, and ornamented with blue ftripes. There.are two 
rows of round teeth ; the outer row conical, and the front 
teeth are the largeft; the inner row flat like pearls; at 
each corner of the mouth is a projecting tooth bent up¬ 
wards. The noftrils are double, and near the eyes 5 the 
pupil is black, the irides yellow and orange. The gills 
have a wide aperture, and the membrane is partly con¬ 
cealed. The body.is thin, the fcales broad, ftippery, edged 
E U S. 
with yellow, and extend over part of the tail-fin. The 
anus is nearer the head than the tail; the fins end fliarp, 
except the tail, which is round like the reft of this divi- 
fion. This filh is moftly of a green colour; darker on 
the back, lighter on the fides and belly ; the fins are green 
alfo, but fome darker than others. This fpecies is from 
Japan. It is fliown at fig. 7. 
133. Labrus fafeiatus, the four-banded wraffe: broad 
ftripes or bands on the body, and eight fpines in the dor¬ 
fal fin. Each pectoral fin has 12 rays, the ventrals 6, anal 
13, tail 14, dorfal 12. The head is compreffed ; the fcales 
begin on the front operculum, but there are none on the 
hinder one, which is double, and of a green colour. The 
teeth are fliort and round, except two canine teeth in the 
front of each jaw. This fpecies has very large lips, and 
feems to hold a middle place between the Sparus and the 
Labrus. The noftrils are double, and near the eyes, which 
have a black pupil in a red iris. The body is covered 
with large fmooth fcales, and banded with four broad 
brown ftripes. The lateral line breaks off at the end of 
the dorfal fin. The back goes off fharp, the belly round¬ 
ed, and the anus is nearer the tail than the head. The 
body is olive-colour; the dorfal and anal fins blackifh, 
the others brown. This fpecies is from japan ; it is about 
a foot long. 
134. Labrus decacantbus, the filiated wraffe: dorfal fin 
filamentous ; brown and white lines on the body. Inha¬ 
bits America. 
135. Labrus livens, the livid wraffe : dorfal fin filamen¬ 
tous ; body livid brown ; tail rounded. Inhabits the Me¬ 
diterranean ; about a foot long. 
136. Labrus feina, the feina : body greenifh, with white 
and yellow waves ; between the eyes an impreffed hol¬ 
low, and before the hollow a groove. Difcovered by For- 
fkal at Conftantinople ; body above white, with yellow ri¬ 
vulets; belly ftraight. Iris green; middle teeth very 
large ; anterior gill-coverts flightly ferrate behind, pofte- 
rior unarmed ; lateral line interrupted. Peftoral fins yel- 
lowifh, without fpots; the reft obfeure, yellow fpotted 
with blue. 
137. Labrus lapina, the lapina wraffe : pefforal fins yel¬ 
low, ventrals blue, the reft violet fpotted with blue. Ob- 
ferved by Forfkal at Conftantinople. Body oblong-oval, 
above brown, beneath whitifh, the fides greenifh-yellow 
with three lines each fide, each compofed of a double row 
of red fpots. Head fpotted with red on the fides ; under 
the eye an irregular blue line ; before the noftrils an ob¬ 
lique gibbofity; iris blue. Anterior gill-coverts ferrate 
behind, pofterior notched. 
138. Labrus ramentofus, the branched wraffe: colour 
greenifh browm ; the filaments of the firft dorfal fpines 
twice as long as the rays. Five rays in the membrane of 
the gills, -gf in the dorfal fin, 13 in the pectorals, £ in the 
ventrals in the anal, 12 in the tail. Found near the 
fea-lhores in Arabia. Body lanceolate, fpotted with vio¬ 
let on the fins, crown, and under the eyes; fometimes 
fine green. Scales large, entire, rounded, difpofedin nine 
rows from the belly to the back. Iris above and beneath 
brown ; the fides yellow. Lips equal, the upper protrac¬ 
tile ; befides the row of fmall teeth, in the middle of each' 
jaw there are four teeth four times as long as the reft. 
139. Labrus ocellatus, the ocellated labrus: greenifh,., 
with a fcarlet ocellate fpot behind each eye. In the dor¬ 
fal fin ^ rays, 11 in the peftoral fins, in the ventrals, 
in the anal, 15 in the tail. Inhabits the Syrian (hores. 
Body fuboval; back yellowifh-brown ; head marked with, 
irregular blue lines. Gill-coverts with an oblong oblique 
blue fpot, furrounded with a fcarlet circle, from whiclij 
both above and below, profceeds a fcarlet line; the ante- 
rior truncate behind and flightly fawed, the pofterior un¬ 
armed ; tail linear. 
140. Labrus gibbus, the gibbous wraffe 5 varied with 
blue and orange; tail rounded ; above each eye a femi- 
lunar fpot. Inhabits the Britifti coafts; eight inches 
longj fcales large. Head Hoping; neareft gill-coverts. 
1 _ finely- 
