L A K 
of great chains of mountains. Of thefe we reckon three 
kinds, as the quantity they emit is greater, equal, or lefs, 
than they receive. If it be greater, it is plain that they 
mull be fupplied by fprings at the bottom ; if lefs, the 
furplus of the water is probably fpent in exhalations ; if 
it be equal, their fprings juft fupply what is evaporated 
by the fun. 
That there, are in many places immenfe fubterranean 
lakes, can fcarcely be doubted, becaufe we fee them in 
fome places ; but their effects are often perceived where 
they are not feen, and puzzle the people who attempt to 
account for thofe effects upon other principles. The fa¬ 
mous Zirchnitzer Lake in Carniola, which fills and emp¬ 
ties itfelf, at times, in an impetuous manner, bringing up 
with its waters fifh, and even wild fowl, communicates 
with another immenfe fubterranean lake in the mountain 
Savornick ; and, according to its filling or emptying, the 
upper one is alfo filled and emptied. The grotto Podf- 
petfchio, in the fame country, gives another inftance of 
fuch a fubterranean lake. The people of the neighbour¬ 
ing country enter the fide of the mountain where this 
lake is, by a fmall opening, through which they go to a 
cavern of a great width and height; and at the end of 
this is a fmall opening again, through which they go on 
to the edge of a vaft iubterranean piece of water. They 
go with torches, and find the water very clear and fine. 
It is ten cubits deep at the edge, and doubtlefs is much 
more in the middle. The water runs into this lake by a 
large channel, and runs out of it again by another, fall¬ 
ing down a precipice into another lake, and that with 
fuch a noife, that the report of a piftol cannot be heard 
llear it. Stones thrown in every way are heard to fall into 
■water; and there is great reafon to fuppofe the lake a 
German mile long; for at this diftanee there is another 
■water difcovered through fuch another cleft of the rock, 
which ftands at the fame horizontal height as this, and is 
fubjedt to the fame accidents at the fame time. This vaft 
body of water fometimes all runs off in a few minutes, 
and leaves the bafon dry ; and after fome weeks it fills again 
with a frightful noife. As thefe accidents always happen 
to both the waters above-mentioned at the fame time, 
they appear very plainly to be only the two fides of the 
fame lake. Phil. Tranf. No. 191. 
We have in England many of thefe refervoirs, the w>a- 
ter of which is always remarkably clear and cold, and is 
fo loaded with fpar, that it generally incrufts things very 
quickly that are put into it; and when raifed into vapours, 
as a part of it fometimes is, by the fubterranean heat, or 
carried up with other vapours, ftops at the ceiling of the 
vaults, and there forms ftalafftitae, and other fuch concre¬ 
tions. In Pen-park hole, in Gloucefterfhire, there is a re¬ 
markable inftance of this, that ftrange cavern containing 
one of the largelt of the lakes in our kingdom. It was 
accidentally difcovered by fome miners; it is twenty-nine 
fathoms deep from the furface, being a vaft cavern in the 
fliape of a horfe-flioe, furrounded with rugged rocks and 
rough walls of earth, containing in the midft of it a river 
or Iubterranean lake, twenty fathom broad and eight fa¬ 
thom deep, of the fame cold and petrifying water with 
the other refervoirs of this kind. 
LAKE, or Lacque,/! A preparation of different fub- 
ftances into a kind of magiftery for the ufe of painters. 
One of the fineft and firft-invented of which was that of 
gum lacca or lacqut ; from which all the reft, as made by 
the fame procefs, are called by the common name lacques. 
See Lac, p. 27; and the article Pigment. 
LAKE RIVER, a river of America, which runs into 
the Miffiftippi in lat. 46. 30. N. Ion. 95. W. 
LAKE RIVER (Little), a river which runs into the 
Miffiftippi in lat. 4.5. 36. N. Ion. 94.. 23. W. 
LAKE of the TWO MOUNTAINS, a piece of wa¬ 
ter in North America, that lies w'efterly from Montreal, 
being properly the mouth of Ottawa River; twenty miles 
long, and five broad. It is furrounded by cultivated 
L A L 91 
fields of the Iroquois and Algonquin Indians, whofe vil¬ 
lage ftands on a delightful point of land, that projects 
into the lake. Each tribe has a Roman-catholic miffion- 
ary: they attend public worfhip in the fame church. 
Their paftors have taught them to read and write. Their 
warriors are about 500. 
LAKE of the WOODS, the mod northern lake in 
the United States ; and fo called from the large quantities 
of wood growing on its banks ; fuch as oak, pine, fir, 
fpruce, See. This lake lies nearly eaft of the fouth end of 
Winnipeg Lake, and is fuppofed to be the fource or con- 
duflorof one branch of Bourbon River. Its length from 
eaft to weft is about 90 miles ; and in fome places it is 40 
miles wide. The Killiftinoe Indians encamp on its bor¬ 
ders to fifh and hunt. This lake is the communication 
between the lakes Winnipeg, Bourbon, and Superior. 
Lat. 50.25. N. Ion. 95. 20. W. 1 
LA'KEN, a town of Pruffia, in the province of Ober- 
land : eight miles eaft of Mulhaufen. 
LA'KENHAM, a village in Norfolk, near Norwich, fo 
named from its fituation by the Broad-Water, or Lake. 
The church ftands on the cliff by the water-iide. This 
place is divided from the walls of Norwich by Braken- 
don, or the Barky-Downs or Hills, on which were for¬ 
merly brakes, and where was a chapel founded in the Con¬ 
queror’s time, and much frequented by fifhermen and 
watermen, who came to offer to its patron St. Nicholas. 
LAK'SHMI. See Lechemy. 
LAKTE'Af a feaport of Sweden, in Eaft Bothnia, at 
the mouth of a river near the gulf of Bothnia. Lat. 
64. 25. N. 
LA'KUM, [Hebrew'.] The name of a place. 
LA'LA, in ancient geography, a town of Afia, in the 
Greater Armenia. 
LAL'ADA, a town of Hindooftan, in Golconda : fif¬ 
teen miles weft-north-weft of Culloor. 
LAL'AGE, a woman’s name; a miltrefs of the poet 
Horace. 
LALAMSER'AI, a town of Hindooftan : twenty-eight 
miles weft of Benares. 
LA'LAND. See Laaland, p. 1. 
LALAN'DE (James de), an eminent French counfel- 
lor and profefior of law, was born at Orleans in 1622. He 
diftinguiflied himlelf by his profound erudition, and by 
the private and public virtues with which he palled 
through a long life in the exercife of various important 
functions. He was made counfellor in the bailiwick and 
prefidial feat of Orleans in 1652, doctor and profefior of 
law in the univerfity in 1653, receiver of the city in 1684, 
and mayor in 1691. His integrity, beneficence, and zeal 
for the interefts of his countrymen, conferred upon him 
the glorious title of Father of the People. He died in 
1703. Lalande was the author of feveral efteemed works 
in his profeffion, of w hich the moll important were an ex¬ 
cellent Commentary upon the Cuftom of Orleans, folio, 
1677, and 1704; and a Treatife on the Ban and Arrier- 
ban, 4to. 1674. Moreri. 
LALAN'DE (Michel-Richard de), mafter of the king 
of France’s band, and compofer in ordinary of the chapel 
royal, born in 1657, was the fifteenth foil of a tailor at 
Paris, and brought up a chorilter at St. Germain l’Auxer- 
rois. Excited by a ftrong paffion for mufic, he foon fur- 
palled his mafter Chaperon. The violin was the firft in- 
ftrumentto which he ferioufly applied; but, being recom¬ 
mended to Lulli, as a performer in the opera-orcheftra, he 
was fo piqued at being rejected, that he broke his fiddle, 
and renounced the practice of it for ever. The era of his 
profperity was, the being employed in teaching mademoi- 
felle de Noailles, who married the marecbal deGrammonr; 
and the mareehal faid fo many kind things of him to the 
king, that he was appointed mufic-maiter to mademoi- 
felles de Blois and de Nantes. In 1683, his majefty, having 
created two new places of chapel-mafter, gave one of them 
to Lalande, whole compofitions pleafeu the king fo much, 
