t) 4 L . A M 
LAL'VITON, a town on the weft coaft of the ifiand 
of Samar. Lat. 11.35. N. Ion. 124. 52. E. 
LA'MA, a town on the weft coaft of the ifiand of Ce¬ 
lebes. Lat. 1.4.8. S. Ion. ng. 15. E. 
LA'MA, a town of Naples, in Abruzzo Citra : twelve 
miles eaft of Sulmona. 
LA'MA, or Lamas, f. The title of an order of priefts 
among the weftern Tartars, on the frontiers of China, and 
particularly in Thibet, who are held in great veneration. 
See the article Thibet. 
LAMAL'MON, a town of Abyftinia : fifty miles fouth 
of Sire. 
LA MAN'CHA. See Mancha. 
LAMANO'N (Robert Paul), a member of the Academy 
of Sciences at Paris, and member of the Muf’eum in the 
fame city, was born at Salon, in Provence, in 1752, of an 
old and refpeftable family. He was deftined for the 
church, and fent to Paris to complete his theological ftu- 
dies. He rofe to the dignity of canon ; but by the death 
of his father and elder brother he came into property, 
which enabled him to follow the bent of his inclinations, 
by devoting himfelf to the phyfical fciences. Two traits 
of difintereltednefs in the character of Lamanon are highly 
worthy of notice : that he refufed to accept of his pater¬ 
nal- inheritance, but as an equal fharer with his brothers 
and filters 5 and that, when offered a confiderable fum to 
refign his office of canon in favour of a certain indi¬ 
vidual, he replied, “The chapter of Arles did not fell me 
my benefice; I fliall therefore reftore it in the fame man¬ 
ner that I received it.” Anxious to remove the veil which 
conceals the fecrets of nature from mortal eyes, he tra¬ 
velled through Provence and Dauphine, and fcaled the 
Alps and Pyrenees. At the light of thefe vaft natural la¬ 
boratories, the bent of his mind burft forth inftantaneoufly; 
he climbed to the fummit of rocks, and explored the abyfs 
of caverns, weighed the air, analyfed fpecimens, and, in 
this ardent fancy, having attained the fecrets of creation, 
he formed a new fyftem of the w’orld. Upon his return 
home, he applied with great ardour to the ftudy of me¬ 
teorology, natural philofophy, and the other branches of 
the hiftory of nature. He fpent three years at Paris, and 
gave to the learned focieties there many very valuable pa¬ 
pers ; a memoir on the Cretans, a memoir on the theory 
of the winds, and atreatife on the alteration in the courfie 
of rivers, particularly the Rhone. He again vifited Swif- 
ferland and Italy, going firft to Turin, where he allied 
himfelf to the learned of that coutitry; after his return, 
laden with the fpoils of the countries which he traverfed, 
he employed himfelf in the arrangement of the interefting 
fruits of his journey. It was at the time when Lamanon 
was preparing for theprefs his great work On the Theory 
of the Earth, that the French government conceived the 
vaft projedt of completing the dilcoveries of captain Cook. 
The Academy of Sciences was entrufted with the care of 
ele&ing men capable of rectifying the common notions 
of the fouthern hemilphere, of improving hydrography, 
and advancing the progrefs of natural hiftory; they invit¬ 
ed, at the recommendation of the illuftrious Condorcet, 
Lamanon to (hare the danger, and to partake in the glory, 
of this great enterprife. He eagerly caught at the offer, 
haftened to Paris, refufed, in a conference with the mi- 
iiifter, the falary offered him, and, taking a hafty leave of 
his friends, departed for Breft. On the ift of Auguft, 
1785, the armament fet fail under the orders of La Pe- 
roufe. The commencement of the voyage was highly 
profperous. After fome delays, and having embraced 
every opportunity of making obfervations, the veifels ar¬ 
rived at the ifiand of Maouna, one of the fouthern Archi¬ 
pelago. Lamanon, eager to affure himfelf of the truth of 
yhe accounts of that country, debarked with Langle, the 
feccnd in command. Having explored the place, and be¬ 
ing upon the point of returning, they, were attacked by 
the natives; a combat enfued, and they, with feveral of 
the boat s crew, fell a facrifice to the fury of thefe barba¬ 
rians. Thus perifhed Lamanon, a young man ardent in 
LAM 
thepurfuits of fcience, difinterefted in his principles, and 
a zealous advocate for the interefts of freedom. His eu- 
logift, M. Ponce, faid of him, “that he feemed born to 
bring about a revolution in fcience ; the depth of his 
ideas, the energy of his character, the fagacity of his mind, 
united to that lively curiofify, that can draw inltruftion 
out of every thing which he law, and which leaves no¬ 
thing unexplored, would have led him to the moll valu¬ 
able difcoveries.” 
LAMANTE'A, a town of Naples, in Calabria Citra s 
twelve miles fouth-weft of Cofenza. 
LAMARCK'IA, f. in botany, a cryptogamic and very 
obfcure genus of marine plants, founded by the abbate 
Jofeph Olivi, in his Zoologia Adriatica. It was named 
in honour of the celebrated French botanift, John-Baptift 
Monet, chevalier de la Marck, who, fince the French re¬ 
volution, has adopted Lamarck as his furname. Of his 
claims to botanical commemoration, there can be no 
doubt; but he has already received this reward of his la¬ 
bours, in the Monetia of PHeritier, npw generally adopted. 
The generic characters are—Plant rooted, fomewhat co¬ 
riaceous, foft, compofed of minute bladders, perpendicu¬ 
lar to the axis, which are membranous, green, cylindrical, 
approximated, terminating at each end in very (lender, tu¬ 
bular, connecting filaments. Fructification confiding of 
fmall globes, fcattered among the bladders and filaments. 
Species. 1. Lamarckia burfa, or pouch lamarckia : glo- 
bofe, depreffed, hollow, with fine fcattered internal threads. 
Found in the fea in various places, efpecially upon lime- 
ftone rocks, molt commonly attached by its roots to fome 
fmall calcareous fragments. Each plant is a hollow fpongy 
ball, from one to ten inches diameter, green, compofed of 
entangled pellucid jointed fibres, bearing numerous con¬ 
centric oblong veficles, whofe obtufe fummits, reaching to 
the outfide of the ball, give it a papillary or velvety ap¬ 
pearance. Olivi fays, that when cut it contracts mecha¬ 
nically, by means of the internal fibres, which he fup- 
pofes gave rife to the opinion of its being an animal, or 
alcyonium. SeeALCYONiuM burfa, vol. i. 
2. Lamarckia vermilara, or branching obtufe lamarckia: 
branched, fomewhat forked, cylindrical, and obtufe. Na¬ 
tive of the Mediterranean fea, in deep water. 
Lamarckia is alfo the name of a genus eftabliffied by 
Moench, and adopted by Decandolle in his new edition 
of Lamarck’s Flore Frangaife, as well as by Bivona Ber- 
nardi, in his Sicularum Plantarum. This genus confifts of 
one fpecies only, which is the Cynosurus aureus of Lin¬ 
naeus. See vol. v. p. 523. 
A New-Holland flirub, belonging to tetrandria mono- 
gynia, has been called Lamarckia dentata, in Donn’s 
Hort. Cantabr. We are not acquainted with its charac¬ 
ters, but prefume it is what fome have named Hoya fer- 
rata, of which vve know as little. 
LA'MAS, a town of Portugal, in the province of Tras 
os Montes: thirteen miles north-eaft of Mirandela, and 
eighteen fouth-weft of Braganga. 
LA'MAS, a town of Spain, in Galicia: fifteen miles 
eaft-fouth-eaft of Lugo. 
LA'MAS, a town of Peru, in the diocefe of Truxillo s. 
180 miles eaft-north-eaft of Truxillo. 
LAMB,yi [lamb, Gothic and Saxon.} The young of a 
Iheep: 
The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day. 
Had he thy knowledge would he (kip and play ? Pope . 
Typically, the Saviour of the world.—Thou Lamb of God 
that takeft away the fins of the world, have mercy upon 
us. Common Prayer. —For the management of lambs on a 
farm, fee the article Huseandry, vol. x. p. 523, 5. and, 
for the natural hiftory, fee Ovis. 
LAMB HEAD, a cape on the fouth-eaft coaft of the 
ifiand of Stronfa, one of the Orkneys. Lat. 58. 57. N. Ion. 
2. 25. W. 
LAMB’s HEAD, a cape of Ireland, on the fouth-weft 
coalt of Kerry, at the mouth of the Kemnare river: thirty- 
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