LAMBET I-L 
205 
town of Mauritania Sitifenfis, fituated on Mount Audus. 
It was the nioft confiderable town of the country, and the 
third legion of Auguftus was quartered in it. Its ruins 
and infcriptions are (till noticed. Now Tezzoute. 
LAMBESC', a town of France, in the department of 
the Mouths of the Rhone : fifteen miles fouth of Apt, 
and twelve north-weft of Aix. 
LAM'BETH, or Lamehithe, i. e. a dirty harbour or 
haven ; an extenfive parilh, feated on the fouthern bank 
of the river Thames, in the hundred of Brixton, and 
county of Surrey, England. It is dire&ly oppofite to 
Weftminfter, tov.diich city it is connected by a handfome 
ftone bridge acrofs the river. The whole is bounded by 
Southwark to the eaft, Newington-Butts and Camberwell 
to the fouth, and Batterfea to the weft’. The circumfer¬ 
ence is about lixteen miles. In Domefday-book, it is faid 
to contain zoj plough-lands. At the beginning of the 
feventeenth century, it appears by the churchwardens’ 
accounts to have coufifted of 126a acres of arable land, 
1026 of pafture, 125 of meadow, thirteen of ozier, twenty- 
feven of garden ground, and 150 of wood, making in the 
whole 2603; the commons and wafte land, fuppofed to be 
about 330 acres, not being charged, will increase it to 
2933 acres. At prefent, the whole extent is about 4000 
acres ; of which about 1390 are occupied by houfes and 
other buildings, wharfs, manufactories, ftreets, and roads; 
415 by pleafrire-gardens, including thofe of Vauxhall; 
80 by market-gardens ; 300 by farming-gardens ; 40 
by nurferies ; 250 are now incloling from common ; and 
30 are to remain common. The parifh is divided into 
fix liberties or precincts, refpeclively called the Bifliop’s, 
the Prince’s, Vauxhall, Marfh and Wall, Lambeth-Dean, 
and St ickwell ; the whole containing, according to the 
return to parliament in the year 1800, 5009 houfes, and 
27,985 inhabitants, of whom 5148 were ftated to be em¬ 
ployed in various trades and manufactures, and 955 in 
agriculture. Archbilhop Hubert Walter obtained from 
king John a grant of a weekly market, and a fair of fif¬ 
teen days, upon condition that the fame ffiould not be de¬ 
trimental to the interefts of the city'’ of London. In the 
archbilhop’s manufcript library, is a charter from the city, 
fignifying their conlent, ftipulating only, that the fair 
fiiould begin on the morrow after the anniverfary of St. 
Peter ad vincula. The market and fair are both difcon- 
tinued. 
The earlieft hiftorical faff on record relating to Lam¬ 
beth, is the death of Hardicauute, which happened here 
in the year 1041, while he was celebrating the marriage- 
feaft of a noble Dane. Here all’o Harold, w'ho ulurped 
the throne on the death of Edward the Confeflor, is laid 
to have placed the crown on his head with his own 
bands. Henry III. held a folemn Chriftmas here in the 
year 1231; and a parliament on September 14, in the year 
following. 
This village has been for many ages the refidence of 
the archbilhops of Canterbury, as it had been, long be¬ 
fore, that of the billions of Rochefter. Lambeth-palace 
was originally built in 1189, by Baldwin, metropolitan in 
the time of Richard I. on a fpot of ground purchafed of 
the bilhops of Rochefter, as a refidence for -himfelf and 
lucceflors, in the vicinity of the court, where their pre¬ 
fence was frequently neceilary. It appears to have been, 
in a great meafure, if not wholly, rebuilt by Boniface in 
•3262, when, by his compliance with the meafures of the 
court, and his own imperious temper, he had rendered 
himfelf obnoxious to the people, particularly to the citi¬ 
zens of London, of whom he was in fuch dread., that he 
fhut himfelf up in his palace for fafety. From that time 
it became the conlfant refidence of thefe prelates. Henry 
Chichele, archbilhop of Canterbury in the reign of Hen¬ 
ry V. who had been only a poor fcholar on Wickham’s 
foundations at Winchefter and Oxford, became fo great a 
buckler for pontifical power, and fo violent a perlecutor 
jof the followers of Wickliff, that he built that part called 
£he Lollard s Tower, which was fo named from a room 
in it adapted for the imprifonmetlt of the followers of 
that reformer, who were called Lollards. This is a final! 
room, twelve feet broad and nine long, planked with elm ■; 
and there ftill remain eight rings and ftaples, to which 
thefe unfortunate people were chained by order of that 
implacable prelate. Here the viftims of his relentlels fury 
were not only confined, but alfo denied the necefiaries of 
life, in order to force them to acknowledge the papal au¬ 
thority. During the time of the civil wars, this palace 
was formed into a prifon for the royalifts; and the keeper 
was Dr. Alexander Leighton, who had been condemned 
in the Star-chamber to have his ears cut off, and both his 
noftrils flit, for writing a book, called Zion’s Plea, or an 
Appeal to the Parliament. After the execution of the 
king, it was pu*rchafed by colonel Scott, one of the regi¬ 
cides, and Matthew Hardy, by whom the chapel was con¬ 
verted into a dancing-room, and the furniture and move¬ 
ables fold, except the wood and coals, which were referved 
for the ufe of the foldiers. The library was preferved by 
an ingenious device of Selden, who fuggefted to the uni- 
verfity of Cambridge their right to it, under archbilhop 
Bancroft’s will; and, this claim being admitted by the 
parliament, the books were removed to Cambridge, where 
they remained until the time of archbilhop Sheldon, who 
procured their reftoration. During the fhort time that 
cardinal Pole was archbilhop of this fee, he built the fine 
gate of the palace, with a gallery and feveral rooms ad¬ 
joining to the eaft end. The library was begun by Dr. 
Bancroft, in the reign of James I. and carried on by Dr. 
Juxe.n, archbilhop at the reftoration, who repaired great 
part of the houfe. Many books had been left to it by 
queen Elizabeth, and her favourite Dudley earl of Leices¬ 
ter; and it was afterwards augmented by archbilhop Laud, 
who, notwithftanding his bigotry, was a munificent pa¬ 
tron of learning. Archbilhop Sheldon difpofed the books 
in proper order, and, fince his time, it has been greatly 
augmented by lucceeding prelates; fo that, at prefent, it 
confifts of upwards of twenty-five thouland volumes. On 
the north eaft window is painted in glafs the portrait of 
St. Auguftine, with old Englifn verfes beneath it; and 
near it is a figure of archbilhop Chichele, with the motto 
of archbilhop Stafford, put by the miftake of a glazier. 
This library is adorned with a fine pifture of Canterbury 
cathedral, and prints of all the archbilhops from Warham 
to the prefent time. Here alfo archbilhop Cornwallis 
placed fome fmall prints, framed, of the principal reformers 
from popery, and of the moll eminent nonconformift mi- 
nifters of the laft and prefent century. The fhell of a tor- 
toife is Ihown, to which a label is affixed, importing, that 
this tertoife was put in the garden by archbilhop Laud in 
1633, and killed in 1757 by the negligence of a gardener. 
This library Hands over the cloifters, and forms a narrow 
gallery, which occupies the four fides of the quadrangle. 
Among the books, is a beautiful odlavo edition of the 
Liturgy of the Church of England, tranllated into the 
Mohawk language by the famous Indian chief, colonel 
Jofeph Brandt. The library of rnanufcripts Hands over 
part of the laft, and contains about eleven thoufand ma- 
nufcripts, many of which are very curious. Archbilhop 
Cornwallis gave p. confiderable furn for fitting up a proper 
repofitory for this collection. 
The prefence-chamber has three windows adorned with 
painted glafs, reprefenting St. Jerome and St. Gregory, 
with old Engiiffi verfes beneath them. The middle win¬ 
dow has a painted fun-dial, with a view of the theatre at 
Oxford, and the arms of the fee, and of archbilhop.Shel- 
don, at whofe expence it was done. In the lobby is the 
portrait of Henry prince of Wales, fon to James I. The 
long gallery, built by the mild and amiable cardinal Pole, 
is ninety feet by fixteen. The wainfcot remains in its 
original ftate, being all'of mantled carving. In the win¬ 
dows are coats of arms of different prelates of this fee. 
It is filled with portraits, chiefly of prelates, among which 
are archbilhops Warham and Parker, by Holbein ; an¬ 
other of the laft prelate, by Lyne - ? and bifliop Hoadly, 
