101 
L A M B E T H. 
by his fecond wife. Archbifhop Cornwallis made a very 
handfome bay-window, in the modern tafte, from the ceil¬ 
ing to the floor. This affords a fine view of the lawn and 
plantations; and, in the latter, openings have been made, 
through which Weftminfter-abbey, the bridge, the Patent 
Shot Manufactory, St. Paul’s, and the Monument, are 
feen to great advantage, and produce a fine effeCt. The 
great dining-room has all the archbifhops from Laud to 
Cornwallis. That of Laud is by~Vandyck ; juxon, from 
a good original at Longleate; Tenifon, by Dubois; Her¬ 
ring, by Hogarth ; Hutton, by Hufon ; Seeker, by Rey¬ 
nolds ; and Cornwallis, by Dance. In thefe portraits 
may be obferved the gradual change of the clerical drefs, 
in the articles of bands and wigs. A large ruff anciently 
fupplied the place of the former. Archbifhop Tillotfon 
was the firft prelate that wore a wig; which was then not 
unlike the natural hair, and worn without powder. The 
great hall, which was deilroyed during the civil wars, was 
rebuilt by archbifhop Juxon upon the old model. It is 
ninety-three feet in length, and thirty-eight in width, 
and has a Gothic roof of wood. The guard-room, which 
appears to have been built towards the beginning of the 
fifteenth century, has a fimilar roof. It is fifty-fix feet 
long, and twenty-feven and a half wide. When the cha¬ 
pel was converted into a dancing-room, the body of arch¬ 
bifhop Parker was taken out of his tomb here, and buried 
in a dunghill. After the reftoration, fir William Dugdale 
acquainted archbifhop Sancroft therewith, by whofe care 
the body was difeovered, and again depofited in the fpot 
whence it had been taken. Over it is a Latin infeription, 
the Englifh of which is: “ The body of Matthew the arch¬ 
bifhop here refts at laft.” Another monument, recount¬ 
ing the demolition of his tomb, and the treatment of his 
body, was fet up by the fame prelate in the fouth-weft 
corner of this chapel. The archives of the fee are kept 
In a room over the gateway, called the record-room. 
This gateway, and the adjoining tower, which are of brick, 
were built by archbifhop Morton, about the year 1490. 
The gardens and park, which contain near thirteen 
acres, are laid out with great tafte. They were enlarged 
and improved by archbifhop Cornwallis, who made a new 
accefs to the houfe, for carriages, through the park. In 
the garden are two remarkable fig-trees, which tradition 
fays were planted by cardinal Pole. They cover a fur- 
face of fifty feet in height, and forty in breadth. 
As the prefent edifice was begun and carried on at dif¬ 
ferent periods, and as it may reafonably be fuppofed that 
■every perfon ccnfulted in his own tafte, uniformity in the 
building cannot be expedited. The palace, though old, 
is in moft parts ftrong; the corners are faced with ruftic, 
and the top furrounded with battlements; but the princi¬ 
pal parts are well proportioned, and well enlightened. 
Some of the inner rooms are, indeed, too clofe and con¬ 
fined; but there are many others open and pleafant in 
themfelves, with the advantage of being convenient, and 
of affording very agreeable profpeHs. The archbifhops 
Sheldon, Sancroft, Tillotfon, Tenifon, Wake, Seeker, and 
Cornwallis, f'pared no coft to render this ancient ftrtiHure 
not only convenient and comfortable, but worthy of being 
the refidence of the primates of all England. In 1776 it 
was determined to be extra-parochial, by a decifion in the 
Court of Common Pleas. 
In this palace, feveral of our fovereigns have been en¬ 
tertained; particularly Henry VII. previous to his coro¬ 
nation ; Catharine of Arragon, and her ladies, refided 
fiere prior to her marriage with Henry prince of Wales, 
(afterwards Henry VIII.) queen Mary often vifited her 
coufin, cardinal-archbifhop Pole, having, at her own ex¬ 
pence, caufed the palace to be furnifhed for his reception; 
and queen Elizabeth was frequently entertained here by 
archbifhop Parker. On one of thefe occafions, the follow¬ 
ing circumftance occurred: the queen could never be re¬ 
conciled to that part of the reformation which allowed 
the marriage of ecclefiaftics; and unfortunately Parker 
Isad not only written a treatife on the lawfulnefs of mar- 
Yoh. XII. No, 8J4. 
riage, but had abfolutely entered into that holy ftate prior 
to the repeal of the ftatute forbidding celibacy. The 
haughty Elizabeth, although elegantly entertained by the 
archbifhop and his lady for feveral days, could not at her 
departure refrain from venting her refentment, in the fol¬ 
lowing rude manner: addrefling herlelf to Mrs. Parker, 
by way of taking leave, fhe faid, “Madam I may not call 
you; Mijlrcfs I am afhamed to call you; yet, as I know 
not what to call you, Hill I thank you.” 
Contiguous to the archbifhop’s palace, ftands the pa- 
rifh-church of St. Mary, Lambeth, which was originally 
a collegiate church, the foundation of which was occa- 
fioned in the following manner: On the death of Richard 
archbifhop of Canterbury, A. D. 1184, a conteft arofe 
between the fuffragan bifhops of that province and the 
monks of Canterbury, concerning their feveral preten- 
fions to the right of electing their archbifhop; on which 
occafion, the monks appealing to Rome, great interelt 
was made in behalf of each party, till at length a mandate 
was obtained of the pope, wherein the bifhops and monks 
were enjoined to unite in the election ; purfuant to which, 
the time of choofing was appointed: but, the refraftory 
monks not appearing, the fuffragans chofe Baldwin bi- 
fhop of Worcefter for their metropolitan; which the 
monks highly refenting, ftrenuoufly exerted themfelves to 
invalidate the election. But the king, who was a great 
favourer of Baldwin, being made acquainted with the de¬ 
mands and promifes of the monks, prevailed upon him to 
renounce his eleHion, and the electors to declare the fame 
void. The monks, having obtained what they wanted, 
proceeded to a new election, and, according to their pre¬ 
vious declaration, re-ele< 5 ted Baldwin. However, the 
king, willing to reprefs the infolence of the monks, en¬ 
deavoured, by the following ftratagem, to wreft from them 
the power of elefting their archbifhop. He commanded 
Baldwin, the archbifhop, to build a college at Hacking- 
ton, near Canterbury; for which he (the king) was to 
erect one prebend, and each of the fuffragans of the pro¬ 
vince another, whereof, as founders, they were to have 
the perpetual patronage; which was done with a view to 
deprive the monks of the right of election, and to veft 
the fame in the canons of the intended college. And, the 
more eafily to prevail upon the pope to come into this 
fcheme, they propofed to dedicate the faid college to 
Thomas Becket, the moft celebrated faint of that time, 
and who was held in fuch veneration by the pope, that it 
was not in the leaft doubted but he would readily tranf- 
fer the right of eleffion from the monks of Canterbury to 
the canons of Hackington. The foundation being dug, 
and materials provided for the intended work, the part 
thereof allotted to the archbifhop to erefl was the church 
and a certain other part of the building. The monks, ap- 
prehenfiveof the king’s and the archbifhop’s defign againfl 
them, applied to Rome for redrefs. In the mean time the 
work was carried on with fuch expedition, that, the 
church being almoft finifhed, it was confScrated, and di¬ 
vers fecular priefts inftituted and inftalled therein. But 
the monks, having fucceeded in their application to Rome, 
obtained a mandate from the pope to diffolve the new cor¬ 
poration, and raze the edifice; which neither the king nor 
archbifhop daring to oppofe, the arbitrary order was exe¬ 
cuted accordingly. Pope Urban, the great proteHor of 
the monks, dying foon after, was fucceeded by Gre¬ 
gory VIII. a great favourer of Baldwin, -who was 
thereby encouraged to renew his defign, but in another 
place; for which end, having obtained of the bifliop and 
convent of Rochefter a certain fpot of ground at Lamhee, 
Lamhithe, or Lambeth, (where the archiepifcopal palace 
is fituate,) he began to ereft a church, and manfions for 
the canons, about the year 1188, which he did not live 
to finifh. This building was completed by his fucceffor, 
Hubert Walter; but the opponents of the meafure were 
by no means fatisfied with the change of fite, and renewed 
their application to the court of Rome with fuch fuccefs, 
that, after the convent was built and inhabited, he was 
D d compelled 
