118 
L A M P. 
ened. Fig. 6 reprefents the bottom of fig. 4, with the 
addition of A, a catch or contrivance for uniting the 
fame to fig. 3, as before defcribed. Fig. 7. reprefents a 
fquare lamp, made nearly in the ufual way 5 the door may 
be either made to open or (hut as fig. 3, or let down by a 
hinge placed or fixed at the bottom thereof, and fattened 
at the top by a bolt or pin to a tube adjoining to the door. 
Fig. 8 reprefents a fquare cafe, firade, or blind, made to 
receive fig. 7. When fig. 7, placed in fig. 8, is wanted to 
be (haded or darkened, it mud be taken out and reverfed 
with the glafs next the back part of the cafe, lhade, or 
blind; and vice verfa, when light is again wanted. Fig. 
9 reprefents the rim or top of fig. 8. A, A, are hafps, or 
other fafienings, for uniting or fattening the lamp or lan¬ 
tern to fig. 8. 
The invention of Mr. Miles of Birmingham may be 
ufed either as a travelling or a ftationary lamp. The fpe- 
cification of his patent is as follows : “ I, John Miles, do 
hereby declare, that my (aid invention of making lamps 
in different forms, and of any kina of metal, to be ufed 
without inconvenience on horfes, carriages, breads of 
men, or any body under motion, fo as to give perfe«d 
light, though ever fo much agitated ; or to be ufed in 
halls, on ftaircafes, tables, delks, or for other purpofes, 
where motion is not required ; is performed in the fol¬ 
lowing manner; that is to fay, I take of any kind of me¬ 
tal, or mixture of metals, or metallic fubftances, that can 
be cad, rolled, drawn, or prefled, into the form I witti, 
and the purpofe requires; but, as the moll fimple form is 
the moft eafdy underftood, I will fuppofe the form of the 
lamp to be round, and the material of which it is to be 
made, rolled tinned plate. If to bear agitation, I take the 
faid rolled tinned plate, and cut out two round pieces, 
fuppofe three inches diameter, or thereabouts, and a flat 
piece of a regular width, fuppofe one inch long enough, 
when the ends are foldered together, to form a round of 
luch fize as will fit and folder to the two round pieces be¬ 
fore defcribed ; thofe I fit and folder together, fo as to be 
air-tight, to hold the oil or fpirits, which are to fupply 
the burner or burners, and this I call the refervoir ; and, 
5 r for a folid burner or burners, through which no air- 
tube palfes, I make a round hole in one of the round 
parts, fufficient to contain the top which I mean to place 
therein, fuppofe one inch and a quarter diameter, or there¬ 
abouts, and three eighths of an inch deep in the rim ; to 
make which I cut two pieces, of nearly an equal length 
or width, fo that, when the two ends of each are foldered 
together, and made round, they will fcrew or fqueeze into 
each other, air-tight; one of which round rims I folder, 
air-tight, in the round hole of the refervoir, and with the 
other I form the top; to do which I cut a round piece of 
tinned plate, of fuch diameter as will fit and folder, air¬ 
tight, to the faid top rim ; in the circle of which I make 
a hole, wherein to fix the burner tube or tubes, which I 
make of tinned plate, of any fize or any (hape I think 
proper, and then I folder the fame, air-tight, in the hole 
or holes made in the top for that purpofe ; part thereof 
to lead into the refervoir, and part to (land above ; at the 
bottom of which external part or parts I make one or 
more fmall hole or holes, through which the oil or fpirits 
that fall down the tube or tubes, from the burner or bur¬ 
ners, may return again to the wick or wicks. And, as 
fuch oil or fpirits, with which the lamp is charged, are 
liable to run about and watte by agitation, I preferve the 
fame by fixing a rim round the faid burner or burners, 
which will prevent the oil or fpirits efcaping; and this part 
I call the preferver. When all this is done, and I have 
filled the refervoir with oil or fpirits, and properly trim¬ 
med the burner tube, or tubes with wick or wicks, and 
fixed the top to the refervoir, fo as to be every way air¬ 
tight, except through the burner tube or tubes,. I then 
light the wick or wicks ; and, as they continue to burn, 
the oil or fpirits, when they get warm, will naturally 
fiwell; and, as the refervoir is every way air-tight, and the 
oil or fpirits have no other way for expanfion, the liquid 
3 
will flow fuperabundantly up the burner tube or tubes*-' 
fo as to overcharge the preferver; and afterwards, as the 
oil or fpirits diminifh by burning, the air will prefs into 
the refervoir, the fame way, to fupply the vacancy occa- 
floned by the diminution of the oil or fpirits, and fo re¬ 
tard the oil or fpirits in rifing to fupply the burners; to 
prevent both which inconveniences, I make a fmall hole 
through the top, into the refervoir, that the air may pafs 
and repafs, as the fwelling or finking of the oil or fpirits 
requires ; which hole is fo fmall that no more oil or fpi¬ 
rits can efcape than the preferver will fecure. And, as 
the oil or fpirits are liable to leak, as well through the 
wick or wicks as the fmall hole in the preferver, if by ac¬ 
cident it fliould be laid on one fide or turned upfide down, 
it is neceflary to guard againft it; to do which I fix a 
fmall rim in the top of the preferver, leading part down 
the fame, leaving a fpace round fuch fmall rim, within 
the preferver, to contain the oil or fpirits that may chance 
to come therein ; to which fmall rim I make another, that 
will fcrew or fqueeze, air-tight, into fuch fmall rim, and 
of fuch width, that, when ope edge is fcrewed or fqueezed 
air-tight into fuch fmall rim, the other will rife higher 
than the top of the burner or burners, fo that it may be 
put on and taken off without diflurbing the wick or 
wicks. I then folder a round bit of tin plate thereon, 
air-tight, and it will then not only ferve for an extin- 
guifher occafionally, but will fecure any oil or fpirits which 
may chance to come into the preferver by fuch accident. 
“ For making an air-burner or burners, I make the top 
or other parts of the lamp upon the foregoing principle, 
with the following difference : I make a hole in the bot¬ 
tom of the refervoir, fuppofe one quarter of an inch di¬ 
ameter, or more, as the burner or burners require, into 
which I folder, air-tight, a round air-tube, the upper part 
of which is to (land in the centre of the top. I then make 
another tube, that will fcrew or fqueeze withoutfide of 
the air-tube, fo as to render it air-tight, which outfide 
tube I fix in the centre of the top (as before defcribed) 
to as to fcrew or fqueeze, air-tight, round the air-tube,, 
juft as the top and refervoir rims are; round or by the 
fide of which outfide tube, (which is beft in a conical 
form,) I fix one or more burner tube or tubes, in what 
form or (hape I think proper, and folder the whole with¬ 
in the top, air-tight, as before defcribed, taking care to 
keep the top of the burner tube or tubes at fuch a dis¬ 
tance from the conical tube, that the oil or fpirits which 
fall from the burner or burners cannot go therein, but be 
returned to the wick or wicks, through the hole or holes 
at the bottom of the external part of the burner tube or 
tubes, within-fide the preferver, as before defcribed ; when 
a (topper or (topple, being put into the top of the conical 
tube, fo as to be air-tight, will, with the extinguifher be¬ 
fore defcribed, perfectly fecure any oil or fpirits that may- 
chance to come therein. 
“ In order that all lamps made upon this principle may 
continue to burn in all forts of weather, I place or fix 
them in a lantern, made for that purpofe, in any form or 
(hape I think proper. I can make lamps in any form I 
think proper upon the fame principle; but it mutt be ob- 
ferved, that the thinner the wick, and the nearer the air 
is conveyed to the burner or burners, the more brilliant 
the light will be ; but the burner or burners will then 
want trimming the oftener; but, when motion is not re¬ 
quired, that part of the principle of being air-tight is unne- 
ceflary. To make a lamp that will continue to burn with¬ 
out trimming for a long fpace of time, I make the refer¬ 
voir (as I think beft) of a much fmaller diameter than 
depth; which by means of a (topple, or (topper, fixed in 
a hole at the top thereof, (for admitting the oil or fpirits 
therein,) is to be made air-tight; or elfe I do not make 
any hole at the top, but one at the bottom, or lower part 
of the fide, of the refervoir, whereby the fame may be fill¬ 
ed, by laying the refervoir on one fide, or upfide down 
to which hole I fix a tube, and, at the end cf it from the 
refervoir, a fmall bafon, proportioned to the fize of the 
burner 
