LAN 
LAN 
length of the ftatnens; ftigmas three-cleft. Pericarpiurh; 
capfiile ovate, three-celled. Seeds few.— EJJ'ential Charac¬ 
ter. Corolla fuperior, woolly, longer than the filaments ; 
border fix-parted, fomevvhat fpreading; capfule three- 
celled. 
Lanaria plurriofa, or woolly lanaria : a fingle fpecies. 
Root fibrous; Hero woolly, upright; ftem-leaves feflile, 
nerved, fmooth ; flowers terminating in a clofe panicle. 
Spathes Ample. It has the habit of Wachendorfia ; and 
is a native of the Cape of Good Hope. 
LANA'RIOUS, adj. [from the Lat. /ana, wool.] Be¬ 
longing to wool, producing wool. 
LANA'RIUS, in ancient geography, a river of Sicily, 
placed by Antonine in his Itinerary on the route between 
Agrigentum and Lilybsea, between Adaquas and Mazara. 
LANAR'K. See Lanerk. 
LANAR'TH, a fmall town in Cardiganlhire, 195 miles 
from London ; has a market on Tuefday, and an annual 
fair on September 22. 
LANAS'SA, a daughter of Cleodaeus, who married Pyr¬ 
rhus, the fon of Achilles, by whom (lie had eight chil¬ 
dren.—A daughter of Agathocles, who married Pyrrhus, 
whom (he foon after forfook for Demetrius. Plutarch. 
LANAWAN', one of the (mailer Sooloo iflands, in the 
Eaftern Indian Sea. Lat. 6. 15. N. Ion. 122. 3. E. 
LAN'CANT, a hamlet in the parifh of Tiddenham, 
Gloucefterlhire. Here is a fmall chapel, where divine fer- 
vice is performed once a-month. 
LANCAR'VAN, a village in Glamorganfliire, fix miles 
fouth-eall of Cowbridge. Here lived Craddock, the fa¬ 
mous Welch bard, and author of a Hiftory of Wales. 
The place is farther noted for a mineral water which has 
been very long famous in the place for the cure of the 
king’s evil. The body of water rifes near the village; it 
is about an ell broad, and runs between two hills covered 
with wood. About twelve yards from this fpring the rill 
foils from a rock of about eight or nine feet high, with 
a confiderable noife. The fpring is very clear, and rifes 
out of a pure white marie. The cures that have been 
performed here are proofs of a real power in the water; 
but there is fome queftion, whether the water, or its mo¬ 
tion and coldnefs, does the good ; for the people, who 
come for relief, always drink of the fpring, and bathe the 
part afterwards in the fall below. It is generally fuppofed 
that the lime-ftone rocks communicate a virtue to it, by 
which it cures internally ; but it has been often found, 
that the holding a limb difordered with the evil, in the 
ftrong current of a mill-tail, has cured it; and there is 
the fame advantage in the fall of this water. Phil. PranJ'. 
No. 232. 
LAN'CASHIRE, a county palatine in the northern 
part of England, furrounded by Cumberland and YVeft- 
moreland to the north, by Yorklhire to the eaft, Chefhire 
to the fouth, and the Irifli fea to the weft. Its area com- 
prifes about 1,130,000 acres of land, of which above 
350,000 are in a (fate of tillage, 450,000 in pafturage, and 
about 400,000 in wood-lands, moors, &c. According to 
Mr. Yates, who has publiflied an Agricultural Survey of 
Lancafhire, thegreateft length, from north to fouth, is 74 
miles, by about 44 in breadth ; the circumference is 342 
miles, and furface 1765 fquare miles. It is divided into the 
fix hundreds of Amoundernefs, Blackburn, Leyland, Lonf- 
dale, Salford, and Weft-Derby; and contains fix boroughs, 
viz. Clithero, Lancalter, Liverpool, Newton, Prefton, and 
Wigan; 21 market towns, viz. Blackburn, Bolton, Burn¬ 
ley, Bury, Cartmel, Chorley, Colne, Dalton, Ecclefton, 
Garftang, Haflingdon, Hawklhead, Hornby, Kirkham, 
Manchefter, Ormlkirk, Poulton, Prel’cot, Rochdale, Ul- 
verfton, Warrington ; and 62 other parifhes. The whole 
contains, according to the return to parliament in the year 
1800, 117,664 houl’es, and 672,731 inhabitants, of whom 
269,259 were ftated to be employed in various trades and 
.manufactures, and 52,018 in agriculture. 
The foil and furface of this county are various. The 
saltern parts are rocky, and in the northern diftrids we 
Vol, XII. No. 816. 
159 
fee many fingle mountains remarkably high, fucli as In- 
gleborough-hill, Cloughbo-hill, Pendle-hill, and Lang- 
ridge-hill. Nor is there any want of wood in this county, 
either for timber or fuel; witnefs Wierfdale-foreft and 
Bowland-foreft to the northward, and Simon’s-wood in 
the fonthern part of Larrcafiiire. This county is well wa¬ 
tered with rivers and lakes. Among the lakes or meres 
of Lancafhire, we reckon the Winander-mere, and the Ki- 
ningfton-mere, which, though neither fo large nor lo well 
ftored with fifth, yet affords plenty of excellent char. 
There was on the fouth-fide of the Ribble another lake 
called Marton, feveral miles in circumference, which is 
now drained, and coverted into pafture-ground. In this 
operation, the workmen found a great quantity of fifli, to¬ 
gether with eight canoes, refembling thole of America, 
fuppofed to have been ufed by the ancient Britilh filher- 
men. Belides thel’e meres or lakes, this county abounds 
with moraffes and mofles, from which the inhabitants dig 
excellent peat or turf for fuel, as well as marl for manu¬ 
ring the ground, and trunks of old fir-trees, fuppofed to 
have lain there lince the general deluge. Some of thefe 
are fo impregnated with turpentine, that, when divided 
into fplinters, they burn like candles, and are ufed for 
that purpofe by the common people. There is a great va¬ 
riety of mineral waters in this county, fome periodical 
fprings, and one inftance of a violent eruption of water 
at Kirky in Fournels. The molt remarkable chalybeate 
fpas are thofe of Latham, Wigan, Stockport, Burnley, 
Bolton, Plumpton, Middleton, Strangeways, Lancalter, 
Larbrick, and Chorley. At Ancliff, in the neighbour¬ 
hood of Wigan, is a fountain called the Burning-Well , 
from whence a bituminous vapour exhales, which being 
let on fire by a candle burns like brandy, fo as to produce 
a heat that will boil eggs to a hard confidence, while the 
water itfelf retains its original coldnefs. There is at Bar¬ 
ton a fountain of fait water, fo ftrongly inpregnated with 
the mineral, as to yield fix times as much as can be ex-* 
traded from the fame quantity of fea-water. At Rogham, 
in Fournefs, there is a purging faline fountain; and in 
the neighbourhood of Raffal, where the ground is fre¬ 
quently overflowed by the fea, a ftream defcends from 
Hagbur-hills, which in the fpace of leven years is faid to 
convert the marl into a hard freeftone fit for building. 
The foil is various in different parts of the county, poor 
and rocky on the hills, fat and fertile in the valleys and 
champaign country. The colour of the peat is white, 
grey, or black, according to the nature of the compofi- 
tion and the degree of putrefadion which the ingredients 
have undergone. There is a bituminous earth about 
Ormlkirk, that frnells like the oil of amber, and indeed 
yields an oil of the fame nature, both in its (cent and me¬ 
dicinal effeds, which moreover reduces raw flelh to the 
confidence of mummy; this earth burns like a torch, and 
is ufed as fuch by the country people. The metals and 
minerals of this county conlilt of lead, iron, copper, an¬ 
timony, black-lead, lapis calaminaris, lpar, green vitriol, 
alum, lulphur, pyrites, freeftone, and pit and cannel coal. 
The level country produces plenty of wheat and barley, 
and thelkirts of the hills yield good harvefts of excellent 
oats; very good hemp is raifed in divers parts of the pro¬ 
vince ; and the pafture which grows in the valleys is fo 
peculiarly rich, that the cattle which feed upon it are 
much larger and fatter than in any other part of England. 
There is not any part of the world better lupplied than 
Lancalhire with provifions of all kinds at a very reafona- 
ble rate; fuch as beef, veal, mutton, lamb, pork, poul¬ 
try, and game of all forts, caught upon the moors, heaths, 
and commons, in the hilly part of the (hire. The firlt 
potatoes faid to be cultivated in England were grown in 
this county. They were originally introduced into Ire- 
land-from North America about the year 1565 ; and, in 
confequence of an Irifh veffel being call away on the weft- 
ern coalt, near North Meols, in Lancalhire, fome of thofe 
roots were planted in that part of the county; but it W3s 
not till many years after that they were adopted as an ar- 
L1 tide 
