LAN 
205 
tsrt numerals by ten monofyllnbic names of eafy pronun¬ 
ciation, and fuch as may run without difficulty into one 
another. To illuftrate his fcheme, however, he calls them, 
for the prefent, by their common Engliffi names; but 
would pronounce each number made ufe of by uttering 
feparately its component parts, after the manner of ac¬ 
countants. Thus let the number 6943 rep refen t the word 
horfe, he would not, in the univerfal language, call a horfe 
fix thoufand nine hundred and forty-three , but fix, nine, four, 
three ; and fo on for all the words of a fentence, making 
the proper flop at the end of each. In the fame manner, 
a diftinct appellation muft be appropriated to each of the 
prefixed figns, to be pronounced immediately after the nu¬ 
meral to which it is an appendage. Thus, if plu be the ap¬ 
pellation or the fign of the plural number, fix, nine, four, 
three, plu, will be horfts. 
“Thus (fays our author), I hope, it is evident that 
about thirty or forty diftinct fyllables are fufiicient for the 
above purpofe; but I am much miftaken if eleven only 
will not anfwer the fame end. This is to be done by fub- 
ftituting the firffc twenty or thirty numerals for the figns, 
and faying, as in algebra, that a term is in the power of 
fuch a number, which may be expreffed by the fimple 
word under. Ex. Let 6943 reprefent the word horfe-, and 
fuppofe 4 to be the fign of the plural number, I would 
write the word thus, and pronounce it, fix, nine, 
four, three, in the power of or under four. By thefe means 
eleven diftintt appellations would be fufficient, and time 
and ufe would much abbreviate the pronunciation.” 
To refufe the praife of ingenuity to this contrivance for 
an univerfal language would be very unjuft; but elocu¬ 
tion in this manner would be fo very tedious, that finely 
the author himfelf, when he thinks more coolly on the 
fubjeff, will perceive, that in the living fpeech its defeats 
would more than balance its advantages. A pangraph, as 
lie calls his univerfal character, would indeed he ufeful, 
and is certainly practicable ; a panleg (if we may form fuch 
a word) would not be very ufeful, unlefs it were much 
more perfeft than it could be made according to the plan 
before 11s.— Sibly's Hfi of Man. Ency. Brit. Magafin En- 
cyclopedique. Afiatic Refcarches. Ade/ung's Mithndates. Har¬ 
ris's Hermes. Burney's Hijl of Mufic. Enfor's Independent , 
Man. Pinkerton. Catteau's Voyage en Allcmagne. Roujoux on 
the Revolution of Science and Art. L'EJpagneen Mil huit cent 
huit ; Paris, 1811. 
LAN'GU AGE-MASTER. f. One whofe profeffion is 
to teach languages.—The third is a fort o (language-maficr, 
who is to inftruft them in the ftyle proper for a minifter. 
SpcSlator. 
LAN'GUAGED, adj. Having various languages : 
He wand’ring long a wider circle made, 
And many languag'd nations has furvey’d. Pope. 
LAN'GUARD, a river of Swifferland, which runs into 
the Rhine three miles fouth of Mayenfeld. 
LAN'GUED, adj. See Heraldry, vol. ix. p. 422. 
LANGUEDOC', before the revolution, a large province 
of France, divided into Upper and Lower, bounded on 
the eaft by the Rhone, which feparates it from Dauphiny, 
the county of Venaiffin, and Provence : on the fouth by 
Roufiillon, and the Mediterranean ; on the weft by Gal- 
cony ; and on the north by Forex, Quercy, and Rouergue: 
its extent was about 270 miles in length, and 120 in 
breadth. The land is, in general, very fertile in grain, 
fruits, and wine ; and watered by the Rhone, the Garonne, 
the Tarn, the Allier, and the Gardon. There were in 
this province three archbifiioprics and twenty bifhoprics. 
Tonloufe was the capital of Upper, and Montpellier the 
capital of Lower, Languedoc. It is now divided into fe- 
ven departments; the Ardfche, Lozere, Gard, Herault, 
Tarn, Upper Garonne, and Aude. 
Languedoc is a very pleafant country : and the inhabi¬ 
tants carry on a confiderable trade. There are many 
curious medicinal plants, with iron-mints, quarries of 
VftL. "fill. No, 
LAN 
marble, and turquoife ftone : there is alfo a great deal of 
kelp, and on the heaths are confiderable numbers of the 
kermes oak. There are alfo a great number of mineral 
fprings. But it is chiefly famous for the canal, now call¬ 
ed the Canal of the South, which runs through it, joining 
the Mediterranean with the Atlantic Ocean. This canal 
was undertaken in 1666, and finilhed in 1680. The fol¬ 
lowing account of the bafon of St. Ferreol, the fource of 
the canal, and the refervoir of its waters, is extracted from, 
the Memoirs of Marmontel, written by himfelf. “This 
bafon, formed, as I have faid, by a circle of mountains, is 
2222 fathoms in circumference, and 160 in depth. The 
narrow pafs of the mountains that encompafs it, is clofed 
by a wall lix and thirty fathoms thick. When it is full, 
its waters flow over in cafcades; but in dry feafons thefe 
overflowings ceafe, and the water is then drawn from the 
bottom of the refervoir; the means employed for that 
purpofe are thefe : In the fide of the mountain two long 
vaults are conftruCled, at the diftance of forty feet from 
each other, which run under the refervoir. To one of 
thefe vaults three brafs tubes are vertically adapted, whofe 
bore equals that of the largeft cannon, and by which, 
when their cocks are opened, the wafer of the refervoir 
falls into an aquedubt conftruCted along the fecond vault; 
fo that, when you penetrate to thefe tubes, you have a 
hundred and fixty feet of water above your head. We 
advanced thus far, by the glimmering light our conduc¬ 
tor carried for us in a chafing-difli; for no ordinary light 
could have fuftained the commotion of the air that the 
explolion of the waters foon excited under the vault; 
when, fuddenly, with a ftrong iron lever, our man turned 
the cock of one of the three tubes, then that of the fecond, 
and then that of the third. At the opening of the firft, 
the molt'dreadful thunder echoed beneath the vault; and 
twice, peal on peal, this roar redoubled. I thought I law 
the bottom of the refervoir burlt, and the mountains around 
fluking from their bales, and falling on our heads. The 
profound emotion, and, to fpeak the truth, the affright, 
this noife had created, did not prevent us from going to 
fee what was puffing under the fecond vault. We pene¬ 
trated there, amid the found of this fubterraneous thun¬ 
der; and we faw three torrents rulh from the three tubes. 
I know of no motion in nature, that can be compared to 
the violence of the column of water, that here efcaped 
from the refervoir in floods of foam. The eye could not 
follow it ; it could not be looked on without giddinefs. 
The border of the aquedufr, in which this torrent flowed, 
was but four feet wide; it was covered with fireeftonc, 
polilhed, wet, and very flippery. There we were, Hand¬ 
ing, pale, motionlefs; and, if our foot had flipped, the 
water of the torrent would have rolled us a thoufand paces 
in the twinkling of an eye. We returned fhuddering ; 
and we felt the rocks, which fupport the bafon, tremble at 
the diftance of a hundred paces.” General Andreofly, 
who was ambaflador from the French republic to this 
country during the peace, has written a volume upon the 
hiftory of this canal. 
L AN'GUENBRUCK, a town of Swifferland, in the can¬ 
ton of Soleure: fourteen miles north-eaft of Soleure. 
LANGUEPOU'R, a town of Hiiidooftan, in Bahar; 
forty-three miles foutli-fouth-weft of Bahar 1 - 
LAN'GUET, f \_languttle, Fr.] Any thing cut in the 
form of a tongue. As, the tongue of a jack in a harp- 
fichord or fpi 11-net; or the valve which opens and ftmts 
the wind-chelt in an organ, to let the wind into the pipes 
when a key is prefled down. 
LANGUE'T (Hubert), was born at Viteaux in Bur¬ 
gundy, in 1518. After a preliminary coufie of inftruc- 
tion in his own country, he went to Italy for the ftudy 
of the civil law, and took a doctor's degree at Pavia. 
Having met with a book of the reformer Melanchthon, 
he conceived a great defire of feeing the author, and in 
1549 had an interview with him at Wittenberg, which 
terminated in his converfion. to the proleltaht faith. He 
3 G palled. 
