215 
LAN 
ever. Is generally the fmalleft, and never changes her co¬ 
lours. 
The full-grown male is about the fize of the collurio, 
and the female fomewhat fmaller; but Vaillant remarks 
that moll fpecies of birds become larger in cultivated fpots, 
where there is plenty of food; and that this difference is 
more manifelt in Africa, where vaft trafts of uncultivated 
country intervene. They conftrudl their nefls in thickets 
or on trees, laying ufually five eggs. Vaillant obferved 
thefe birds in the forefts about the bay of Lagoa, and on 
the borders of the Gamtoos, the Sondag, and SwSrte- 
kop ; but not at the Cape. 
22. Lanius Antiguanus, the Antigua llirike: this fpe¬ 
cies is about the fize of a lark. Its bill is large and black ; 
the upper mandible long, and hooked ; the head is black} 
the back, of a yellowiih rufous colour: the throat and 
bread are white ; the quills, and baftard wing-coverts, 
black; and the wings reach only to the beginning of the 
tail, which is very long and wedge-lhaped ; the two mid¬ 
dle feathers are wholly black; the legs are dulky black. 
It inhabits Panay, one of the Philippine iflands, but prin¬ 
cipally about Antigua. The hen differs from the cock, 
in that flie has no black mark about her eyes, nor the role- 
coloured tint on her bread. 
23. Lanius niger, the black Ihrike : body black ; tail 
fomewhat wedged. Inhabits Jamaica ; feven inches long; 
bill an inch. 
24. Lanius Leverianus, the Leverian llirike: tail long, 
wedged, black at the tip ; bill, head, neck, middle of the 
bread, and legs, black ; the other parts white. Greater 
wing-coverts and l’econdary quill-feathers white at the 
edge; two middle tail-feathers long again as the red, all 
of them black with white tips. Inhabits South America; 
ten inches long. 
25. Lanius atricapillus, the Surinam llirike: tail wedged, 
and, with the neck, crown, Ihoulders, and wings, black; 
body above moufe-colour, beneath bluilh-alh. Wings 
fhort; wing-coverts and l'econdary quill-feathers edged 
with white ; tail-feathers, except the two middle ones, 
white at the tip. Inhabits Surinam ; live inches long. 
26. Lanius Pomeranus, the Pomeranian llirike : body 
above black, beneath white; hind-head and back of the 
neck dark rutty, furrounded with black; two fpotson each 
tide the wings and rump wdiite. Bill, legs, and wings, 
black; eight primary quill-feathers white at the bale; two 
outer tail-feathers white, next two or three on each fide 
whitilh from the bafe to the middle, and tipped with 
white. Inhabits Pomerania. 
27. Lanius tyrannus, the tyrant (hrike. About the fize 
of a thrulh. Bill blackilh brown, befet with brilfles at 
the bafe : irides brown : the upper parts of the plumage 
grey-brown ; the under, white : the bread inclines to alh- 
colour: the head is blackilh on the upper part; the bale 
of the feathers on that part in the male is orange, but fel- 
dom viiible except it erefts the feathers, when there ap¬ 
pears a Itreak of orange down the middle of the crown : 
the tail is brown, marginated with rufous: the legs and 
claws are black brown. The female l'carcely differs, ex¬ 
cept in the head ; the bafe of the crown-feathers being 
yellow in Head of orange ; the colours are not quite lo 
deep, and it is a trifle lei's in fize. It inhabits Virginia. 
There are three other varieties, which inhabit St. Do¬ 
mingo, Carolina, and Louiliana. Thefe birds are called 
by Burton titiri, pipin', or quiquiri, from their cry, which 
refembles thole words. 
28. Lanius fchach, the Chinefe llirike: body yellowifli; 
front and wings black. Head and neck on the upper part 
grey, neck beneath dull reddilh white; back and belly 
reddilh ; quill-feathers black, the firll white at the bafe, 
the fecondary whitilh at the tip. Inhabits China ; eight 
inches long. 
29. Lanius pitangua, the Brafilian Ihrike: body'black, 
beneath yellow ; crown with a tawny ilreak ; band over 
the eyes white. Behind and beneath the eyes a black 
fpoC; chin-white ; feathers of the body above edged with 
I u s. 
yellow ; wings beneath yellow ; tail brown with a rufous 
edge, beneath olive. Inhabits Brafil ; nine inches long. 
30. Lanius rufus, the rufous llirike: rufous, white be¬ 
neath, the head greenilh-black. It inhabits'Madagafcar ; 
and is about eight inches long. 
31. Lanius Barbarus, the Barbary fnrike: this bird 
comes trom Senegal, where the negroes, as Adanfon in¬ 
forms us, call it gonolek, that is, “feeder on inletls.” It 
is Briffon’s red llirike of Senegal; but (fays Vaillant) the 
fpecimen he examined mull have been much faded ; for 
the top of the head is not fawn-colour, as he delcribes it, 
but of a beautiful yellow lhaded llightly with green ; at 
leaft this is the colour of the male; the lame part in the 
female is olive-green. Vaillant compared fome of .thefe 
birds which he found on the confines of the Great Naina- 
quois with feveral of the fame fpecies brought from Sene¬ 
gal by Villeneuve ; he found them, in colour and fize, 
exa< 5 tly fimilar. The yellow of the head falls down the 
back of the neck, and ends in a point on the back. The 
cheeks, fides of the neck, fcapuiars, back, wings, and 
tail, are black, without mixture or (hade of any other co¬ 
lour. The throat is red, lhaded with yellow; all the reft 
of the plumage, to the belly, is of the brighteit and molt 
beautiful red. - The feathers of the legs, of the lower 
belly, and under the tail, are fawn-colour. The tail ta¬ 
pers a little, conlequently is round at the end. The bill 
is black ; the feet and nails brown ; the eyes nearly ha¬ 
zel-colour. The female is fomewhat lei’s than the male, 
and her colours not fo bright. Vaillant obferves that he 
had but little opportunity of making remarks on the man¬ 
ners of this bird, as he continued but a fhort time in the 
canton where they are found ; the feafon of love was part, 
fo that he could not tell if they had any long or not. 
The remains of infects were found in the llomachs of thole 
he killed, which perfectly agrees with the name that has 
been given it. 
32. Lanius fulphuratus, the yellow-bellied Ihrike: 
dulky, yellow beneath ; the head blackilh, and encircled 
by a whitilh ltripe. It is near nine inches in length. 
33. Lanius Cayanus, the Cayenne Ihrike: cinereous, 
the head, the quills of the wings, and the primaries of 
the tail, black. Size of the blackbird; eight inches and 
a half long. 
34. Lanius aurantius, the Orange Ihrike : colour tawny- 
yellow; chin, throat, and break, reddilh. Head above 
the eyes, and nape, black ; wings and tail brown ; bill 
black; claws pale. Inhabits Cayenne; feven inches long. 
35. Lanius Senegalenfis, the Senegal Ihrike: colour 
above grey, beneath whitilh; crown and band of the eyes 
black; tail-feathers black tipped with white. Quill-fea¬ 
thers rufous on the outer fide; tail-feathers fix, with (light 
brown bands and uniform tips. Inhabits Senegal; near 
nine inches long. 
36. Lanius Madagafcarenfis, the Madagafcar llirike : 
cinereous, beneath whitifn ; lines between the bill and 
eyes black ; quills of the wings tawny. It is five inches 
long, and about the fize of a Iparrow. 
37. Lanius emeria, the Bengal Ihrike : colour grey, 
white beneath ; temples and rump red. The bill is cine¬ 
reous brown; the irides whitilh ; the upper part and 
back of the head, black; below the eyes is a lively orange 
fpot terminated with white ; and on the tail four black 
fpots, making a fegment of a circle. The upper part of 
the neck, the back, the rump, the fuperior coverts of the 
tail, the inferior coverts of the wings, and the fcapular 
feathers, are brown ; the throat, the upper part of the 
neck, the bread, the higher part of the belly, and the 
inferior coverts of the tail, are red; the tail is light 
brown; the feet and nails are black. Length, five inches 
and a half. 
38. Lanius bicolor, the blue Ihrike : blue, beneath 
white ; frontlet black. This fpecies has been accurately 
deferibed by Brilfon under the name of the blue Jhrikefrom 
Madagafcar. Burton gives it.the fame name; but helpeaks 
of it very llightly, confidering is only as a variety of the 
L, excu-* 
