LAN 
515.. Lauras ruber, the argus fhrike ; red ; wings and 
tail with eye-like fpots, black at the tips. Inhabits Suri¬ 
nam. 
55. Lanius Americanus, the black-crowned fhrike: 
black ; fpot on the firft quill-feathers, cheeks and chin, 
■white; breaft and belly cinereous. Tail long; middle 
tail-feathers black, the reft white at the tip ; primary quill- 
feathers with a white fpot; the ridge of each wing with 
a white fpot. Inhabits North America. 
56. Lanius minor, the Italian fhrike : cinereous ; chin 
■white; bread and belly rofy ; front, line over the eyes, 
and tail, black. Quill feathers black, the primary with a 
white fpot near the bafe, the fecondary white at the tip ; 
outer tail-feathers white. Inhabits Italy, Spain, and Ruf- 
fia ; refembles the nengeia. 
57. Lanius Natka, the Nootka fhrike: tail rounded; 
body above black, beneath white; crown black; collar 
white. Bill and legs black ; above the eyes a white line 
reaching to the nape, and a black one beneath the nape ; 
frnaller wing-coverts black, greater white; fil'd quill-fea¬ 
thers dufky edged . with yellowifh-brown, the. fecondary 
black edged and tipt with white; tail-feathers black, the 
four outer white at the tips. Inhabits Nootka Sound; 
feven inches long. 
. 58. Lanius melanocephalus, the black-headed fhrike: 
bill, head, and chin, black; body olive, beneath paler; 
tail with a broad black band, yeilow at the tip. Legs 
duiky. Inhabits the Sandwich Ifles ; fix inches long. 
. 59. Lanius brachyurus, the fhort-tailed fhrike: top of 
the head rudy-grey ; eyebrows white ; a black band from 
between the eyes to the ears ; body above afhy-grey, be¬ 
neath yellowifh-white ; tail rounded. Rump rudyifh ; 
chin and vent nearly white ; wings blackifh, the coverts 
grey at the tip; tail-feathers ten, brown-grey, and except 
the middle ones white at the tip. Inhabits Hungary; fize 
of L. colluricr. 
60. Lanius boulboul, the boulboul: black; bread and 
belly tinged with afh; wings brown, with two white bands. 
Bill and legs yellow. Inhabits India ; fize of a field-fare. 
61. Lanius phoenicurus, the rufous-tailed fhrike: body 
above reddifh-grey, beneath yellovvifii white; tail long, 
rounded, and with the rump bright red ; orbits eroded 
with a black band. Inhabits rocky places on the river 
Onon ; fize of the preceding. 
62. Lanius doliatus, the pied fhrike: tail rounded; body 
varied with black and white lines. This fmall fpecies is 
from Cayenne. It is about fix inches and a half long. 
Th* top of the head is black, fo are the wings and tail ; 
the wing-coverts the fame, with a white fpot at the tip of 
each feather. The large quills are bordered exteriorly 
with a white line, which becomes broader on the outer 
ones. The two mid-quills are tipped with white; fo are 
the reft, but the fpot is more apparent as the quills be¬ 
come iliorter on each fide; and the two laft and fhorteft 
on each fide have another white fpot in the middle of their 
exterior barbs ; the upper tail-coverts have a white fpot 
alfo. The reft of the plumage is flate-colour above, whiter 
underneath; the fmall under wing-coverts are white. The 
bill and feet are blackifh ; the nails yellowifh brown, 
63. Lanius Cayanus ruber, the Cayenne red fhrike: 
this bird was alfo imported by Vaillant from Cayenne. It 
5 s fomewhat ftouter than the preceding, but fimilar in 
many refpefls; the bill, feet, and wings, are fliaped in the 
fame manner. But Vaillant decides it to be a young bird, 
■which had not yet moulted ; and lie is doubtful to what 
fpecies it belongs. Therefore the following defeription 
may fer.ve as a guide for fome future naturalift who may 
have an opportunity of making farther inquiries on the 
fpot where it inhabits. The top of the head is of a bright 
red. The' cheeks and throat are black variegated with 
reddifh white, forming fpots which extend.into a kind of 
necklace. The fame colours prevail between the eyes and 
noftrils, but more obfeurely varied. The. mantle, fcapu- 
lars, wing-coverts, and outer barbs of the lateral vving- 
qnills, are of a lighter red than the top of the head ; the 
Vgl. XII. No, 824. 
I U S. 217 
large primary wing-quills are 3 lfo fainter; and all their 
inner barbs are black in the middle, edged with red in a 
zig-zag direction the whole length. The rump and up¬ 
per tail-coverts are furniflied with fine filky feathers of a 
pale red, which grows lighter {till on the breaft, Tides, and 
under tail-coverts. The tail itfelf is dark red ; it has a 
taper form, from the two outer quills on each fide being 
fhorter than the reft. The wings when at reft extend 
About half way down the tail. The bill, feet, and nails, 
are Alining black like horn. The colour of the eyes cotild 
not be determined from the prepared fpecimen. This and 
the preceding are fhown together on Plate III. 
64. Lanius jocofus, the jocofe fhrike: tail rounded; 
body grey; lower eyelid purple; vent blood-red. The 
bill is blackifh, rather ftraighter than in rnoft of the ge¬ 
nus, and furniflied only with a very fine notch near the 
tip ; the crown of the head is black, except fome long 
brown feathers, which form a kind of creft; the Tides of 
the head, threat, and fore part of the neck, are white ; 
from each corner of the mouth there is a black line, con¬ 
tinued backwards; and under each eye is a fmall fpot of 
lively red. The upper parts of the body are brown ; the 
under parts, dirty white; the vent, role-colour; on the 
lower part of the neck and brealt there is a kind of a 
brown band ; the quills air brown ; the tail is greatly 
wedge-ftiaped, and in colour brown, except the four outer 
feathers on each fide, which have white tips ; the legs and 
claws are black. This is a Cliinefe bird, and called in 
thofe parts by the name of kowkai-hon. It feeds upon rice, 
and infefts, particularly cockroaches. Length feven inches 
and a half. 
65. Lanius infauftus, the rock-fiirike : tail rounded. 
The bill is about an inch long, and blackifti ; the head 
and neck are of a dark afh-colour, marked with fmall ru¬ 
fous fpots ; the upper part of the hack is dark brown; 
the lower much paler, inclining to afh, efpecially towards 
the tail; the quills and wing-coverts are duiky, with pale 
margins; the breaft, and under parts of the body, are 
orange, marked with fmall fpots, fome white and other* 
brown ; the tail is three inches in length ; the two mid¬ 
dle feathers are brown, the others rufous ; the legs are 
blackifti. This is the defeription of the female. The 
male is faid to differ very little, except in being of a 
brighter colour. This fpecies is met with in many parts 
of Europe, from Italy on the one hand to Ruflia on the 
other ; and is found in fome parts of Germany, the Al¬ 
pine Mountains, thofe of Tyrol, and fuch-like places. 
The manners of this bird feem difputed. Bulfon fays 
that it perches on a high ftone, and as foon as a rnarkf- 
man appears with his gun removes to a greater diftance, 
and fo on as often as he approaches ; which renders this 
fpecies difficult to come at. Brunnich and Linnaeus, on 
the contrary, fay that it is a bold bird, attending the tra¬ 
veller while at his meal, on purpofe to feed on his feraps. 
It lias an agreeable note, approaching to that of a liedge- 
fparrow, and will alfo learn to imitate that of others. It 
makes its neft among the holes of the rocks, &c. hiding 
it with great art; and lays three or four eggs, feeding the 
young with wc mis and infects. This bird lias been by 
different authors placed in the genera Corvus, Motacilla, 
and Turdus. Length eight inches. 
66 . Lanius fauftus, the white-wreathed fhrike : tail and 
wings rounded; body grey, beneath rufty; a white line 
behind the eyes. About the fize of a common thrufti. 
The bill is pale; the wing-quills brownifh, with grey 
edges, which are crofted with numerous flender browa 
lines; the tail is brown ; and eroded with numerous bars 
of darker brown ; legs pale. This elegant fpecies inha¬ 
bits China, where it is known by the name of zvhommaf. 
It may be obferved, among others, in Chinefe paper-hang¬ 
ings, where the white line feems.to encompafs the back 
part of the head like a wreath. 
67. Lanius pious, the magpie-fhrike : this is a ftroug 
butcher-bird, and one of thofe which might be regarded 
as forming the interval between the genera pf.Corvus and 
3 K Tanias, 
