-264 L A T 
Rory. The front extends a hundred and fifty-fix feet, 
and has nine windows on each floor: the offices are join¬ 
ed to it, by a corridor fupported by pillars of the Ionic order. 
The hall is nearly a fquare, 40 feet by 42, its height 36 ; the 
faloon 39 by 42. On this floor are thirteen apartments. 
The ancient Latham, the celebrated feat of nobility and 
liofpitality, Rood between the north-eaft offices of the pre- 
fent houfe and the, kitchen-garden. This place, with vaft 
property, belonged to the Lathams till the year 1369, 
when, by the death of fir Thomas de Latham, it fell to fir 
John Stanley, knight of the garter, fecond brother of fir 
William Stanley of Hooton, in right of Ifabel daughter of 
fir Thomas, who married into the fortunate houfe, and 
laid the foundation of its greatnefs. The form of this 
houfe may in a great m'eafure be colledted from the Rate 
it was in immediately before the noted fiege in the 17th 
century. In the centre was a lofty tower called the Ea¬ 
gles ; it had two courts; for mention is made of a flrong 
and high gateway before the firR. The whole was fur- 
rounded w'irh a wall two yards thick flanked by nine tow¬ 
ers, and this again guarded by a moat eight yards wide 
and two deep. Such was its lituation in February 1644, 
when it was poflefied by the heroic countefs of Derby; 
who, receiving a fummons from fir Thomas Fairfax, with 
an offer of mofl honourable terms, replied, “That fhe was 
there in a double trufi—of faith to her hufband, and alle¬ 
giance to her fovereign ; and that fhe meant to preferve 
her honour and obedience, though in her own ruin.” 
She was as good as her word ; for, during the fpace of 
fixteen months, with the afiiRance of a fet of gallant offi¬ 
cers appointed and commanded by herfelf, fhe repelled 
every efl'ort to reduce the place. Colonel Edward Chi- 
fenhall was one of the heroic oflicers who commanded 
under her. Hearing that the enemy boafled of their ltore 
of provilion, he Rallied out, and, as the expreifion was, 
“Role their dinner.” With a fortitude beyond her fex, 
flie endured all the tniferies of a fiege, and beheld, with 
as little emotion as Charles XII. a bomb fall through the 
room where fhe and her children were at dinner. At 
length flie was relieved by the royal forces under prince 
Rupert and her lord, when (lie retired from the place, re¬ 
commending, as governor, captain Edward Rawfihorn, 
who, with the fpirit of his miflrefs, endured another fiege 
till the ruin of the royal caufe ; and, by the royal com¬ 
mand, he yielded up the houfe to colonel Booth, Decem¬ 
ber s, 1645. The reduction was thought of Rich import¬ 
ance, that public thanks were, by order of parliament, 
given by the minifiers of London in all the churches. The 
place was difmantled the following year ; all the floors and 
wainlcotting were fold foi 1 54I. 7s. lod. On the refiora- 
tion it was re-poflefled by the family ; was repaired, and 
even inhabited, the beginning of the laR century, when 
the Eagle Tower and fome parts of the w’ooden houfe 
were Randing. The houfe, and this part of the eftate, 
were transferred to John lord Afliburnham, by his mar¬ 
riage in 1714 with Henrietta daughter of William ninth 
earl of Derby. Lord Afliburnham fold it to a Furnefs, 
who foon difpofed of it to fir Thomas Bootle, in whofe 
family it now remains. The park is about five miles in 
circumference, and contains fome fine forefi-fcenery. In 
this townlhip is alfo Crofs-hali, once alfo belonging to the 
earls of Derby, but now the property of colonel Stanley. 
Near it is a medicinal lpring, impregnated with vitriol and 
Reel, called Maudlin’s Well, which has wrought remark¬ 
able cures. Though it is remote from the fea or any fait 
rivers, it ufed to cafl up marine ihells in fucli quantities, 
that they became troublefome to the drinkers, till it was 
prevented by laying rnill-Rones on the fpring. An oil is 
extrafted from a bituminous earth here, which preferves 
raw flelh, and ferves the country people in Read of candles. 
Pennant's Tour. England's Gaz. 
LA'THE, f. The tool of a turner, by which he turns 
about his matter fo as to fhape it by the cbifel.—Thofe 
black circular lines we fee on turned veflels of wood, are 
HAT 
the cffeffcs of Ignition, caufed by the preffure of an edged 
Rick upon the vefiel turned nimbly in the lathe. Ray. 
The invention of the lathe is very ancient; Diodorus 
Siculus fays, the firR who ufed it was a grandfon of Dae¬ 
dalus, named Talus. Pliny afcribes it to Theodore of 
Samos; and mentions one Thericles, who rendered him- 
felf very famous by his dexterity in managing the lathe. 
With this inRrument the ancients turned all kinds of 
vafes, many whereof they enriched with figures and orna¬ 
ments in baffo relievo. Thus Virgil: Lenta quihus tornt 
facilifuperaddita vitis. The Greek and Latin authors make 
frequent mention of the lathe; and Cicero calls the work¬ 
men who ufed it vafcularii. It was a proverb among the 
ancients to fay a thing was formed in the lathe, to exprefs 
its delicacy and juRnefs. 
The lathe is compofed of two wooden cheeks or fides, 
parallel to the horizon, having a groove or opening be¬ 
tween ; perpendicular to thefe are two other pieces called 
puppets, made to fli.de between the cheeks, and to be fixed 
down at any point at pleafure. Thefe have two points, 
between which the piece to be turned is fultained ; the 
piece is turned round, backwards and forwards, by means 
of a firing put round it, and fafiened above to the end of 
a pliable pole, and underneath to a treadle or board moved 
with the foot. There is alfo a refl which bears up the 
tool, and keeps it Ready. As it is the ufe and application 
of this inRrument that makes the greateil part of the art 
of Turning, we refer the particular defeription thereof, 
as well as the manner of applying it in various works, to 
that head. 
To LATH'ER, v. n. [le^pan, Sax.] To form a foams 
Chufe water pure, 
Such as will lather cold with foap. Baynard. 
To LATH'ER, v. a. To cover with foam of water and 
foap. 
LATH'ER, f. [from the verb.] A foam or froth made 
commonly by beating loap with water. 
LATH'ER I NG,yi The aft of covering with the froth 
of foap and water; of turning into lather. 
LA'TIIESLEY, a village in Surrey, fouth-wefl of 
Guildford. The red-Rraw wheat, much the fame with 
that of Suflex, is produced hereabouts, and in all Low 
Surrey. 
LA'THING, /. The aft of fitting up with laths; the 
part filled up with laths. 
LATHRJE'A, [from Aafiprtioj, Gr. clandefiine, or con¬ 
cealed, becaufe the herbage is moRly under the ground, or 
at leafi covered with dead leaves of trees.] Tooth wort ; 
In botany, a genus of the clafs didynamia, order angio- 
fpermia, natural order of perfonatte, (pediculares, Juff.) 
The generic charafters are—Calyx : perianthium one« 
leafed, campanulate, Rraight; mouth deeply four-cleft. 
Corolla: one-petalled, ringent ; tube longer than the ca¬ 
lyx. Border ringent, ventricofe ; upper lip concave, ga- 
leated, broad, with a narrow hooked tip. Lower lip lefs 
reflex, obtufe, trifid. Neftary : an emarginate glandule, 
deprefled on each fide, very fliort, inferted into the recep¬ 
tacle of the flower at the other corner of the germ. 
Stamina: filaments four, awl-fliaped, length of the corolla, 
hid under the upper lip. Antheras obtufe, deprefled, 
converging. PiRillum : germ globofe-comprefled ; Ryle 
filiform, length and lituation of the flamens ; fligma trun¬ 
cated, nodding. Pericarpium : capfule roundilh, obtufe 
with a point, one-celled, two-valved, elaltic, coated with 
a very large fpreading calyx. Seeds : few, l’ubglobofe, 
affixed to the middle of the valves. It approaches nearly, 
on account of its glandule, to Orobanche.— EJfential Cha- 
ra&er. Calyx : four-cleft; gland deprefled, at the bale 
of the future of the germ ; capfule one-celled. 
Species. 1. Lathrasa clandeltina, or hidden toothwort: 
Rem branched almofi under ground, flowers upright foli- 
tary. Root thick, long, fibrous. Stem half a palm in 
height, furrounded by a few, very Ihort, thick, (harp, leaves, 
3 ■ and 
