£66 L A T H 
the fru&ification is completely explained and figured on 
Plate XII. fig'. 30-33. vol. iii. n. 274. 
In feveral parts of the continent a white light pleafant 
bread is made from the flour of this pulle ; but it pro¬ 
duced {uch dreadful effeCts in the 17th century, that the 
life of it was forbid by an edift of George duke of Wir- 
temberg in 1671; and this not being obferved was in- 
forced by two other edicts under his fucceffor Leopold, iti 
1705 and 1714. Mixed with wheat-flour in half the quan¬ 
tity, it makes a very good bread, that appears to be harm- 
lefs. But bread made with this flour only has brought 
on a moft furprifnig rigidity of the limbs in thofe who 
have ufed it for a continuance; infomuch that the exte¬ 
rior mufcles could not by no means be reduced, or have 
their natural aCtion reltored. Thefe fymptoms ufually 
appeared on a fudden, 'without any previous pain; but 
fometirr.es they were preceded by a weaknefs and difagreea- 
ble fenfation about the knees. Baths both hot and cold, 
fomentations and ointments of various kinds, have been 
tried without effefl ; infomuch that it is regarded as in¬ 
curable; but, being neither very painful nor fatal, thofe 
who are feized with it ufually lubmit to it with patience. 
Swine fattened with this meal loft the ufe of their limbs, 
but grew very fat lying on the ground. A liorfe fed 
fome months on the dried herb was faid to have had his 
legs perfedly rigid. Kine are reported to grow lean on 
it, but (heep not to be affeCted. Pigeons, efpecially 
young ones, iofe the power of walking by feeding on the 
feed. Poultry will not readily touch it, but geele eat it 
without any apparent damage. In fome parts of Swifler- 
land cattle feed on the herb without any harm. It would 
be worth inquiring, therefore, whether the foil may not 
contribute fomething to the ill qualities of the plant ; and 
it is remarked that the feed from a ftrong, fat, moift, foil, 
is much more deleterious than from a light dry one. 
Fabbroni, from Florence in 1786, fays that the govern¬ 
ment there has cautioned the peafants again ft the ufe of 
Lathyrus fativus ; fwine having loll the ufe of their limbs, 
and become pitiable monlters, by being fed on this pulfe 
exclufiveiy. The peafants however eat it boiled, or mixed 
with wheat-flour, in the quantity of one-fourth, without 
any harm. 
7. Lathyrus inconfpicuus, or finall-flowered lathyrus: 
peduncles one-flowered, (liorter than the calyx ; tendrils 
two-leaved, Ample; leaflets lanceolate. Root annual. 
Stems feveral, weak, a foot or eighteen inches in height. 
The whole plant finooth. Native of the Levant. Culti¬ 
vated by Mr. Miller in 1739. 
Monf. Villars fays that it is found wild in Dauphine; 
where they have alfo another Lathyrus with one-flowered 
peduncles, which he names biauritus, on account of the 
two-eared ftipules, broader than the leaves. The Hems 
are ftraight and quadrangular: the leaves linear-lance¬ 
olate and conjugate : the legume oblong, containing fix 
feeds. 
8. Lathyrus fetifolius, or narrow-leaved lathyrus : pe¬ 
duncles one-floivered ; tendrils two-leaved ; leaflets leta- 
ceous-linear. Gerard thus diftinguilhes this from the 
next: The Item is Ample, or at moft double, (fuofolitary 
as Linnaeus calls it;) longer, procumbent, almoft naked. 
Leaflets fetaceous, narrower, with the nerves not lo con- 
fpicuous. Stipules linear, with a longer appendicle. Pe¬ 
tiole thrice the length of the ltipule. Legume fubovate, 
turgid. Seeds two or three, fpherical, very fmooth. 
Grows about Montpellier, and on Monte Baldo, Italy. 
Cultivated in 1739 by Mr. Miller; who defcribes it as an 
annual plant, feldom more than fix or eight inches high, 
with bright fcarlet flowers. 
9. Lathyrus angulatus, or angulated lathyrus : pedun¬ 
cles one-flowered, awned ; tendrils two-!eaved, quite Am¬ 
ple ; leaflets linear. This is an annual plant, as well as 
the laft; but it produces many Items, which are dilfufed, 
a fpan long, with the internodes approximating. Seeds 
five or fix, angular. 
AUione has given a new fpecies under the name cf 
YRUS. 
L. coccineus, which he diftinguilhes from this,by its fcarlct 
flowers, lanceolate leaves with five nerves, and a nerved 
torofe legume, not compreffed and broad, as in that, and 
containing a greater-number of feeds, which are nicely 
round, not angular. He-gives the fame fynonyme of Ray 
which Duvernoy alfigns to No. 5. and that of Seguier 
which Linnaeus and others give to fetifolius. Gerard fays, 
that all the fynonymes of angulatus are uncertain, except 
thofe of Tournefort, Magnol, and Buxbaum. 
10. Lathyrus articulatus, or jointed-podded lathyrus: 
peduncles one or two flowered ; tendrils many-leaved ; 
leaflets alternate. The leaves have ufually four leaflets ; 
the lower petioles are lanceolate and leaflefs. The flower 
has the keel of the pea, waved on the fides, and not ob¬ 
lique as in Lathyrus; ftandard bright red, with white 
wings and keel. Seeds four, elliptic lens-fliaped, fmooth, 
clouded with alh-colour and brown. Miller fays, it is 
an annual plant with a climbing fialk which riles near 
three feet high ; that the leaves have feveral leaflets, ter¬ 
minated by very long clafpers; that the peduncles are five 
or fix inches long, with two flowers, one above another; 
that it flowers in June and July, and the feeds ripen in 
autumn. Native of the fouth of Europe. Cultivated in 
the botanic garden at Chelfea in 1739. 
11. With two-flowered peduncles, n. Lathyrus odo- 
ratus, fweet-pea, or painted lady: peduncles two-flow¬ 
ered; tendrils two-leaved, leaflets ovate-oblong; legumes 
hirfute. The fweet-pea, as it is commonly called, is an an¬ 
nual plant, which rifes from three to four feet high, by' 
means of its long clafpers or tendrils. The fiower-ftalks 
come out at the joints, are about fix inches long, and fuf- 
tain two larger flowers, which have a ftrong odour ; and 
are fucceeded by oblong hairy pods, having four or five 
roundilh feeds in each. In the common fort the corolla 
has dark-purple ftandards, with the keel and wings of a 
light blue. Other varieties are the white ; the pink with 
a wh“ite keel, and the tvings pale blufli-colour; the pink 
or blulh-coloui'ed ftandard with both keel and wings white ; 
the rofe-coloured ftandard with the wings and keel pale 
blue : thofe that have a mixture of red with white or pale 
blue are called painted ladies. There is alfo a variety of 
the common dark fort, with the keel pale violet, and the 
wings dark violet, &c. According to Linnaeus, the com¬ 
mon dark fort is a native of Sicily, and the painted lady 
of Ceylon. This flower, now become fo common, was 
not known to our gardens in the time of Parkinfon or 
Evelyn. It was cultivated by Dr. Uvedale at Enfield in 
the year 1700. Mr. Petiver obferved it there with Dr. 
Plukenet, and afterwards at Chelfea and elfewhete. He 
inferts it in his lift of rare plants obferved in 1713. 
12. Lathyrus annuus, or two-flowered yellow annual 
lathyrus: peduncles two-flowered, tendrils two-leaved; 
leaflets enfiform ; legumes fmooth ; ftipules two-parted. 
This rifes with a climbing ftalk five or fix feet high, hav¬ 
ing two membranes or wings running from joint to joint. 
It has the appearance of the larger perennial Lathyri with 
yellow flowers, but differs in being annual ; whence Lin¬ 
naeus gave it the trivial name of annuus, which is other- 
wife improper, all the fpecies of the two firft divifions, 
except the thirteenth, being likewife annual. Native of 
France and Spain. Mr. Miller lays he received feeds alfo 
from Siberia. 
13. Lathyrus fruticofus, or fhrubby lathyrus: ftem 
fhrubby-; peduncles two-flowered; leaves pinnate, to- 
mentole. Stem woody, two feet high, much branched. 
Native of Peru, on the hills near Huanuco. It has the 
habit of Oi'obus, with the ftyle of Lathyrus. 
14. Lathyrus Tingitantis, Tangier lathyrus, or pea : pe¬ 
duncles two-flowered, tendrils two-leaved ; leaflets alter¬ 
nate, lanceolate, fmooth ; ftipules crefcent-fhaped. Stem 
four or five feet high, branched, running out on each 
fide into a llender (harp wing. Native ot Barbary. Cul¬ 
tivated in 1680, by Robert Morifon, M. D. who had the 
feeds from Tangier. It flowers in June and July ; and s 
although it has not the agreeable Rent., or variety of co- 
