p a r 
(hoots of the fame year, laid down in June and July, are 
commonly the molt fuccefsful. As to the feafon for per¬ 
forming this fore of work, in molt forts of trees and 
fhrubs, it is autumn and Ipring, though it may be per¬ 
formed at almoft any time of the year. 
The general method, of merely laying the branches or 
fhoots in the earth, isfufficient for a great number of trees 
and (limbs of the foft-wooded kinds; but, for fuch as do 
not readily root by this Ample method, recourfe mull be 
bad to fome of the following contrivances, x. Giving the 
flioot a gentle twill in the part deligned to be laid in the 
ground, which greatly promotes and facilitates the emif- 
lion of fibres from the bruifed part. 2. Slitting the (hoot 
at a joint underneath, up the middle, half an inch to an 
inch or moredong, according to the fize and nature of the 
layer, forming a fort of tongue nearly the fame as directed 
for carnation layers ; laying that part in the earth, and 
railing the top upright, or rather pointing inwards, fo as 
to feparate the tongue of the Hit from the other part, and 
keeping the flit open, as direfled below. 3. Cutting the 
bark all round at a joint, taking out fmall chips all the 
way below the cut, and laying that part in the earth, by 
■which it readily emits roots. 4. Thrulting an awl through 
the flioot, at a joint, in feveral places, laying that part 
in the ground, by which it will emit fibres from the 
wounds more readily. Or, 5. Twilling a piece of wire 
bard round the flioot at a joint, and pricking it with an 
awl on each fide of the wire in feveral places, laying it in 
the earth, by which it breaks out into roots at the con¬ 
fined and wounded parts; often proving fuccefsful in fuch 
trees .and Ihrubs as do not readily emit fibres by the other 
methods. 
After laying in either of the above methods, there is 
no particular culture neceflary, except, in the heat of fum- 
mer, giving occafional waterings to keep the earth moill 
about the layers, which will greatly forward them, and 
promote a good fupply of roots again ft autumn, when 
thofe that are properly rooted fliould be taken off and 
tranfplanted. 
LAY'MAN, f. One of the people, diftinfl from the 
clergy.—Where can be the grievance, that an ecclefiaf- 
tical landlord Ihould expert a third part value for his 
lands, his title as ancient, and as legal, as that of a lay¬ 
man, who is feldom guilty of giving fuch beneficial bar¬ 
gains. Swift. 
-Since a trull mull be, fhe thought it belt 
To put it out of laymen's pow’r at lead, 
And for their foletnn vows prepar’d a prieft. Dryden. 
An image ufed by painters in contriving attitudes.—You 
are to have a layman, almoft as big as the life, for every 
figure in particular, befides the natural figure before you. 
Dryden's Dufrefnoy. 
LAY'RAC, a town of France, in the department of 
the Lot and Garonne: four miles fouth of Agen, and 
twelve weft of Valence. Lat. 44. 8. N. Ion. o. 45. E. 
LAY'SOIL, /. A layftall. 
LAYSSAC', a town of France, in the department of 
the Aveiron : twelve miles eall of Rodez. 
LAY'STALL, f A heap of dung: 
Scarce could he footing find in that foul way. 
For many corfes, like a great layjlall 
Of murdered men, which therein Itrewed lay.. Spenfer. 
LAY'STOFF, or Les'toff. See Lowestoffe. 
LAY'STON, Hertford (hire, a decayed market-town, 
near Buntingford, of which it is the mother-church, was 
erefted by the Saxons; nothing remains now but the 
church. The manor was formerly called Coneybury. 
Market on Tuefday, and a fair at Bartholomew-tide for 
eight days. The river Rib rifes in the neighbourhood ; 
nr.d here is the prefent poft-road from Loudon to the 
north. 
LAY'TONS, a town of Virginia: thirteen miles eaft- 
.fbuth-eaft of Port Royal. 
L A Z 407 
LAYTONSTO'NE, a village in Eflex, (which with 
that of Low Layton forms but one parilh,) on the Ikirts 
of Epping Forelt, five miles and a quarter north-eall from 
London. Here are fome fine feats; particularly, the Foreft 
Houfe, fronting the foreft, the property of the late Sa¬ 
muel Bofanquer, efq. the beautiful manfion of the late 
Thomas Oliver, efq. and the Manor Houfe, once the feat 
of that great lawyer fir John Strange, and now of Mr. Lane. 
Here was a Roman llation; feveral foundations, with Ro¬ 
man bricks and coins, having been found near the manor- 
houle; and fome urns, with fome allies in them, have 
been dug up in the church-yard and other parts of the 
parifti. 
LA'ZA, a town of Spain, in Galicia: eighteen miles 
eaft-fouth-eaft of Orenfe. 
LAZANIL'LA, a town of the illand of Cuba: forty 
miles ealt-north-eaft of Spiritu Santo. 
LAZ'AR,^. [from Lazarus in the gofpel.] One de¬ 
formed and naufeous with filthy and pellilential difeafes. 
—I am weary with drawing the deformities of life, and 
lazars of the people, where every figure of imperfection 
more refembles me. Drydcn. 
Life he labours to refine 
Daily, nor of his little flock denies 
Fit alms to lazars, merciful and meek. Philips. 
LAZ'AR-HOUSE, f. A houfe for the reception of the 
difeafed ; an hofpital: 
A place 
Before his eyes appear'd, fad, noifome, dark, 
A lazar-houfe it feemed, where were laid 
Numbers of all difeas’d. Milton. 
LAZ'AR-LIKE, adj. Leprous: 
A molt inllant tetter bark’d about. 
Molt lazar-like, with vile and loathfome cruft, 
All my fmooth body. Shakefpeare's Hamlet. 
LAZ'AR-WORT. See Laser-wort, and Laserpi- 
tium, p. 255. 
LAZA'RE BU'EY, a town of Spain, in New Callile : 
eight miles from Toledo. 
LAZ'ARET , f. [French.] Lazaretto.—The fame pe¬ 
nalty alfo attends perfons efcaping from the lazarets. 
Blackjione. 
LAZARET'TO,A [Italian.] A public building, iu 
manner of an hofpital, tor the reception of poor lick. 
See Lazar-house. 
Lazaretto, in fome countries, is an edifice appointed 
for perfons coming from places fufpeCted of the plague, 
to perform quarantine. It is ufually a large building, at 
a diltance from any city, whofe apartments ltand detached 
from each other, &c. where (hips are unladen, and their 
crews laid up for forty days, more or lefs, according to 
the time and place of their departure. 
We are indebted to Mr. Howard, the moll diltinguiflied 
philanthropilt who has appeared in this or any other 
country, and whofe fervices in the caufe of humanity 
can never be forgotten-, (fee Howard, vol. x. p. 433 ) 
fora particular account ot all the principal lazarettos in 
Europe, with plans of the buildings, a detail of their 
chief regulations, and very important and ufeful hints 
for their improvement. With this view he determined, 
towards the end of the year 1785, notwithllanding the ex- 
penfe and danger which he thus incurred, to vilit them 
in perfon. Accordingly, the firll lazaretto which he in- 
fpe&ed was that at Marfeilles, which is iituated on an 
elevated rock near the city, at the end of the bay, front¬ 
ing tbe fouth-weft, and commanding the entrance of the 
harbour. This a fpacious building, and its fituation ren¬ 
ders it very commodious for the great trade which the 
French carry on in the Levant. Within the lazaretto is 
the governor’s houfe, a chapel, in which divine fervice is 
regularly performed, and a tavern, from which perlons 
under quarantine may be fupplied with necelfaries. In 
order to prevent any communication that is not allowed 
by 
