LEO 
other countries of Europe. Hence Leonard of Pifa may 
alinoft claim the honour of being their inventor, as he 
firft laid down, and brought to a cohfiderable degree of 
perfeftion, the rules of thofe fciences. He was alfo the 
author of A Treatife on Surveying, preferved in the 
above-mentioned library. Nouv. Dicl. Hijl. 
LEON'ARD's TOWN, a poll-town of America, in 
the Hate of Maryland, and capital of St. Mary’s county, 
fituated on the eaft fide of Britton’s Brook, where it falls 
into Britton’s Bay, five miles from its mouth in the Pa- 
towmac. It contains about fifty houfes, a court-houfe, 
and gaol: 217 miles fouth-well of Philadelphia. Lat. 38. 
18. N. 
LEONAR/DO (Leo), principal organill of the chapel 
royal at Naples, was not only admired and refpefted by 
liis contemporaries, but his memory Hill continues to be 
held in reverence by every profeffor that is acquainted 
■with his works. In his operas, the purity of his har¬ 
mony, and elegant fimplicity of his melody, are no lefs 
remarkable than the judicious arrangement of the parts. 
His maffes and motets, which are carefully preferved by 
the curious, and ftill performed in the churches at Na¬ 
ples, have all the choral learning of the fixteenth century. 
There are likewife extant, trios for two violins and a 
bafs, fuperior in correftnefs of counterpoint and elegance 
of defign to any fimilar produftions of the fame period. 
This mulician is equally celebrated as an inftruftor and 
compofer; and the Solfeggi, which he compofed for the 
ufe of the vocal Undents, in the confervatorio over which 
he presided at Naples, are Hill eagerly fought and fludied, 
not only in Italy, but in every part of Europe, where 
finging is regularly taught. Leonardo died about the 
year 1742, at the age of fifty-three. His death was un¬ 
happily precipitated by an accident which at firft was 
thought trivial ; for having a tumour, commonly called 
a bur, on his right cheek, which growing, in procefs of 
time, to a confiderable magnitude, he was advifed to have 
it taken off; but, whether from the unfkilfulnefs of the 
operator, or a bad habit of body, a mortification enfued, 
which coll him his life. 
LEONAR'DO DA VIN'CI. See Vinci. 
LEONA'TUS, one of the generals of Alexander the 
Great. His father’s name was Eunus. He dillinguifiied 
himfelf in Alexander’s conquell of Alia, and once faved 
the king’s life in a dangerous battle. After the death of 
Alexander, at the general divifion of the provinces, he 
received for.his portion that part of Phrygia which bor¬ 
ders on the Hellefpont. He was empowered by Perdiccas 
to alfift Eumenes in making himfelf mailer of the pro¬ 
vince of Cappadocia, which had been allotted to him. 
Like the red of the generals of Alexander, he was ambi¬ 
tious of power and dominion. He afpired to the fove- 
reignty of Macedonia, and fecretly communicated to Eu¬ 
menes the different plans he meant to purfue to execute 
his defigns. He palled from Afia into Europe to afiill 
Antipater againll the Athenians, and was killed in a bat¬ 
tle which was fought foon after his arrival. 
LE'ONBERG, or Leonsberg, a town of Wurtemberg, 
on the Glems : fix miles well of Stuttgart, and thirty- 
four north-north-eall Freudenlladt. Lat. 48.51. N. Ion. 
9.7. E. 
LEONCLA'VIUS (John), one of the moll learned men 
of the 16th century, was a native of Wellphalia. He 
travelled into Turkey, and collected excellent materials 
for compofing The Ottoman Hillory ; and it is to him the 
public is indebted for the belt account we have of that 
empire. To his knowledge in the learned languages he 
had added that of the civil law; whereby he was very 
well qualified to tranllate the Bafilica. He died in 1593, 
aged fixty. 
LEO'NE, one of the Navigators’ Illands, about five 
miles in circumterence, ealt of Fanfoue, from which it is 
feparated by a narrow channel. 
LEO'NE. See Sierra Leone. 
Vol. XII. No. 847. 
LEO 497 
LEO'NES, a fmall ifiand in the Atlantic, near the coall 
of Patagonia. Lat. 50. 2. S. 
LEONES'SA, a town of Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra : 
nineteen miles north-well of Aquila. 
LEO'NI, a town of Naples, in Principato Ultra: twelve 
miles well of Conza. 
LEO'NI, a Jew, a celebrated finger on the London 
llage about the year 1780. He was leveral years the fa¬ 
vourite of the town ; and afterwards became principal 
reader in the Jewilh fynagogueat Kingfton in Jamaica, an 
appointment from which he derived full 700I. per annum. 
There he died in Oft. 1796. 
LEONICE'NO (Nicholas),a learned phylician and phi- 
lofopher, was born in 1428 at Lonigo in the Vicentine. 
At an early age he acquired an extraordinary knowledge 
of the bell Greek and Latin poets and orators, and of the 
ancient philofophers. He lludied phyfic at Padua, where 
he took his doctor’s degree. In 1464 he removed to Fer¬ 
rara, where, for a long courfe of years, he occupied a chair, 
firil of mathematics, then of moral philofophy. Lie pro¬ 
bably alfo praftifed as a phyfician, though he ifeems rather 
to have been a man of lludy than of experience. He was 
truly a philofopher in his charafter and principles, de- 
fpifing wealth and honours, and living in habits of tem¬ 
perance and fimplicity, which carried him to a very ad¬ 
vanced age in the pofleffion of all his faculties, and hi» 
natural cheerfulnefs. He was greatly elteemed by the 
learned of his time, with many of whom he correfponded, 
and who have fpoken of him with encomium. He died 
in 1524, at the age of ninety-fix. Leoniceno tranflatecl 
into Latin theaphorifms of Hippocrates, and feveral pieces 
of Galen ; and, into Italian, the hillory of Dio Cafiius, 
and the dialogues of Lucian. He was one of the firil of 
the phyficians and philofophers who difcarded the barba- 
rifm of the fchools, and explained fcientific topics with 
elegance and clearnefs. He was alfo the firil who for 
many centuries had ventured to apply critical refearch to 
the works of the ancients, and to mark their errors. This 
difpofition he Ihowed in his work entitled “Plinii et ali- 
orum plurum Auftorum, qui de fimplicibus Medicamini- 
bus fcripferunt, Errores notati,” See. printed in 1491. 
This work involved him in controverfy with Hermolaus 
Barbarus, Politian, and others, to whofe animadverfions 
he wrote anfwers. I-Ie was one of the firft who wrote on 
the difeafe which had then juft made its appearance iu 
Europe, and which he terms “ Epidemia, quam Itali Mor- 
bum Gallicum, Galli vero Neapolitanum, vocant.” His 
treatife on this fubjeft was printed by Aldus in 1497. He 
propofes a method of cure on Galenic principles, merely 
theoretical, fo that he is thought never to have leeo any 
practice in it. Leoniceno had a ready talent at improvi¬ 
sation, and alfo compofed poems with elegance and faci¬ 
lity. Tirabofchi. 
LEON'ICO, in geography. See Lonigo, 
LEON'ICO TO'MEO (Nicholas), one of the revivers 
of literature in Italy, was born in Venice of an Albanian 
family, in 1456. He lludied Greek at Florence under 
Demetrius Chalcondylas, and made fuch a progrefs, that 
he became able to explain Ariftotle in the original. For 
this purpofe he was invited to Padua in 1497. He was 
an ecclefiaftic by profefiion ; and obtained, in 1502, a col¬ 
legiate in the diocefe of Trevigio. He taught Greek and 
Latin for a time at Venice ; but returned to Padua, where, 
in 1520, he gave inllruftions to cardinal Pole. He was 
much attached to the Platonic philofophy, and palled hia 
time like a true philofopher, remote from worldly pur- 
fuits, and folely intent upon his Itudies. Bembo, Sado- 
let, Giovio, and others, fpeak of him with great efteem ; 
and Erafmus mentions him with honour in his Cicero- 
nianus, as a man equally refpeftable for the purity of his 
morals and the profundity of his erudition. He died in 
1531, and was buried in the church of St. Francis at Pa¬ 
dua, cardinal Bembo compofing his epitaph. Leonico 
trail Hated with fidelity arid elegance feveral works of Arff- 
6 L totle. 
