500 LEO 
fpreading ; both having a red rib, villofe-muricate, very 
rugged, from fix to nine inches long, and two inches 
broad. Peduncles one, two, or three, one-flowered, al- 
moft upright, the length of half the plant, round, muri- 
cated, braefed. Flowers yellow, two inches in diameter. 
Seeds narrow-oblong, (harp at both ends, ftriated, rufous. 
The flowers are not radical, as in Leontodon ; it has leaves 
like it, but the whole plant is muricated. It has the ca¬ 
lyx of Scorzonera tingitana and picroides ; but the down 
is ftiped. It differs from Crepis in having an imbricate 
calyx. It has the ftiped down of Leontodon ; but it is 
feathered or plumofe, as in Apargia. Native of the coaft 
of the Mediterranean near Tunis and Algiers, where it 
was firft obferved by Rene Louiche Desfontaines. See 
Apargia, Crepis, Hedypnois, Hieracium, Trago- 
pogon, and Tussilago. 
LEONTODONTOI'DES. See I-Iyoseris. 
LEONTOPET'ALO AFFI'NIS. See Leontice. 
LEONTOPETALOI'DES. See Tacca. 
LEONTOPET'ALON, or Leontopetalum. See Le¬ 
ontice. 
LEONTOPO'DIUM. See Filago and Plantago. 
LEONTOP'OLIS, or Leonton, in ancient geography, 
a town of Egypt, and capital of a nome, which took the 
name of Leontopclites Nomos. Ptolemy. 
LEONU'RUS,/. [Gr. lion’s tail.] Motherwort; in 
botany, a genus of the clafs didynamia, order gymnofper- 
mia, natural order of verticillatae, (labiatae, JvJf ) The 
generic characters are—Calyx : perianthium one-leafed, 
tubular, cylindric-cornered, pentagonal, five-toothed, per¬ 
manent. Corolla : one-petalled, ringent; tube narrow ; 
border gaping; mouth long; upper lip longeft, femicy- 
lindric, concave, gibbofe, rounded-obtufe at the tip, en¬ 
tire, villofe ; lower lip reflex, three-parted ; divifions lan¬ 
ceolate, about equal. Stamina : filaments' four, covered 
beneath the upper lip, of which two are (hotter; antheras 
oblong, comprefled, bifid in the middle, incumbent, fprin- 
kled with very fmall, elevated, globofe, glofiy, folid points. 
Piftillum : germs four; ftyle filiform, of the length and 
fituation of the ftamens ; ftigma bifid, acute. Pericar- 
pium : none ; calyx unchanged, containing the feeds, 
which are (hotter than it. Seeds : four, oblong, convex 
on one fide, cornered on the other. The lips of the co¬ 
rolla differ in the different fpecies.— Effential CharaEler. 
Antheras having fhining dots fprinkled over them. 
Species, i. Leonurus cardiaca, or common motherwort: 
ftem-Ieaves lanceolate, trifid. The root feems to be pe¬ 
rennial, though mod authors mark it as biennial. Stem 
upright, hard, from two to three feet in height; grooved, 
pubefeent at the angles and joints, branched, frequently 
purple. Leaves lanceolate and acutely three-lobed, with 
fome notches befides; uppermoft undivided ; loweft very 
much and obtufely lobed and broad, fomewhat like thofe 
of the goofeberry. Whorls of flowers numerous : corolla 
whitifh on the outfide, elegantly ftained with paler and 
darker purple within ; calyx ftreaked with five green lines, 
and every outer one fubtended by a fetaceous bracte ; fila¬ 
ments hairy ; antherse brown, before they burft fprinkled 
with white globular points, looking like enamel. Lin- 
nasus chiefly diftinguiihes the genus from Phlomis by this 
minute circumftance. The herb is bitter and tonic, with 
no very pleafant though pungent fmell. It was formerly 
ufed in the cardialgia, whence its old name, cardiaca ; but 
it is now become wholly obfolete, except perhaps among 
cow-leeches and farriers. Bees are fond of the flowers. 
Native of many parts of Europe on banks or under hedges, 
in a gravelly or calcareous foil: near Combe-wood, Sur¬ 
rey ; Oxfordfnire, Cambridgefhire, Norfolk, and Suffolk ; 
Monmouthfhire. Motherwort in German is called kerz - 
gcfpaun, or herzkraut ; in Danifh, hiertefpan ; in Swedifh, 
bonafsla ; in French, agripaume cordiaqun, cordiale ; in Italian, 
Spanifh, and Portuguefe, agripalma arid cardiaca. 
2. Leonurus crifpus, or curled motherwort: all the leaves 
acutely ferrate, very much wrinkled; unequally reflex 
at the edge; ftem-Ieaves five-lobed. This is a biennial 
LEO 
plant. Stems feveral, from two to three feet in height, 
upright, deeply hollowed on each of the four fides, fmooth, 
except at the joints, w here they are hairy ; branches fcarce- 
ly any at bottom, but deculfately oppofite at top, flender, 
the length of a toot and more. Leaves very much wrin¬ 
kled, tomentofe, feft, pale-green, reflex, unequally ferrate 
with fharp ferratnres, but entire at the bafe of the leaf and 
the origin of the lobes, acuminate, oppofite ; whorls very 
numerous, terminating, diftant, compofed of many axil¬ 
lary flowers heaped together in four divifions ; flowers fef- 
file, white. It is very nearly allied to the preceding ; but 
that is of a darker green and more hirfute ; the items are 
not only hairy at the angles, but over the whole furface; 
the fides are flatter; the branches more fpreading, and of 
a dufky purple colour; leaves narrower, the margin of 
the whole leaf and of the lobes ftraighter, perfe&ly flat 
and not reflex at the edge ; the uppermoft trifid, not at all 
ferrate, and the reft lei's ferrate, with the ferratures ruder 
and more equal : the lobes alfo of the fub-axillary leaves 
fo narrow as not to cover each other, and blunter. Whorls 
more numerous,and nearer, with larger and diftant braftes; 
flowers fmaller; calyx dufky red; corolla pale red, fel- 
dom white; with the upper lip narrower, lefs.tomentofe. 
The upper end of the feeds obtruncated, fmooth or fub- 
tomentofe, not hirfute. Native of Swifferland and the 
fouth of France. Ray had it from London before the year 
1686. Mr. Miller afferted, before 1759, that, having fre¬ 
quently raifed it from feed, it was a diftindf fpeciesfrom 
the common one. In the Kew Catalogue it is faid to be 
a native of Siberia; and to have been introduced in 1784., 
by William Pitcairn, M. D. '• 
3. Leonurus marrubiaftrum, or fmall-flowered mother¬ 
wort : leaves ovate and lanceolate, ferrate ; calyxes fellile, 
fpiny. This is an annual or biennial plant, with fome- 
thing of the fame fmell with Lamium. From a branched, 
fibrous, whitifh root, a ftem rifes three feet in height, (and 
even almoft twice as high in gardens,) upright, leafy, 
branched. The ftem, branches, calyx, corolla, and back 
of the leaves, are foft, with villofe hairs, fcarcely vifible 
without a glafs. There are about twenty flowers in a 
whorl ; they are fmall, and are fupported by a many¬ 
leaved involucre of fetaceous-fpiny brattes ; corolla flefh- 
coloured ; antheras fubovate, dirty green, twin, cylindric, 
without any of thofe fhining clots which Linnaeus gives 
for the eflential charafter. Linnaeus adds, that the calyx 
is flve-cleft and awned, that there are awns alfo under the 
whorls ; that the corolla is fcarcely longer than the calyx, 
like that of Nepeta, with the helmet or upper lip entire, 
and the middle fegment of the beard or lower lip not cre- 
nate. Loureiro fays that the flowers are faffron-coloured, 
and that he remarked the little fhining raifed fubglobnlar 
dots fcattered over the antheras, which he found to be the 
veficular conglobate pollen, feparately or in fmall particles 
jointly fhining on the germ, the filaments, and the infide 
of the tube of the corolla, on which it fell. Native of 
Auftria, and in Hungary more abundant; in Bohemia, the 
Ukraine, Germany, and even Java; in Piedmont; on the 
eaftern coaft of Africa in. Zanguebar. It was cultivated 
in Chelfea garden in 1713 ; flowers from June to Auguft. 
4. Leonurus Tataricus, or Tartarian motherwort: leaves 
three-parted, jagged; calyxes villofe. This is a bien¬ 
nial plant. It differs from the common fort in having 
the leaves divided to the petiole, and the legments of the 
leaves under the whorls commonly ferrate and gafhed. Na¬ 
tive of Ruflia; Gmelin fays it grows all over Siberia; 
Miller received the feeds from Dr. Amman of Peterfburgh, 
and cultivated this plant in 1756. He fays, there are two 
diftintt varieties; one with fmooth ftalks and leaves, and 
the other very hairy. Linnaeus alfo remarks that the 
plant from the Eaft Indies is more fmooth. 
5. Leonurus Sibiricus, or Siberian motherwort : leaves 
three-parted, multifid, linear, bluntifli. This alfo is a 
biennial plant. Stems feveral, from eighteen inches to a 
yard in height, tinged with purple ; branches feldom more 
than two or three pairs. Flowers in dofe whorls ; the lower 
three 
