553 
LEY 
fee objefts to every rational farmer; but, where the new 
fyftem is intended to be adopted, it becomes indilpenfably 
necefl'ary. In laying down lawns, parks, &c. where fur¬ 
rows are an eye-fore, or places inaccefiible to wheel-car¬ 
riages from their declivity, and from which earth is to be 
removed, it wdll alfo be found equally ufeful.” Belides 
thefe, there are many other cafes in which the old round¬ 
ed ridges may be levelled down with great advantage, ei¬ 
ther by this or fome other means. 
A reprefentation of this machine is given at fig. 4. in 
the Plate at p. 54.6. A is a part of the pole, to which the 
oxen or horfes which draw the machine are fattened, and 
which is attached to the machine by a pin at B. CC, the 
two wheels, (liod with iron, which run upon the axle 
D. EE, the upper frame-work of the machine, extending 
from the axle to the extremity of the handles, FF, and 
fecured firmly by the crofs pieces, G G, the curved iron 
Aiders of the machine, which may be railed or deprefled a 
little by means of the pins, H H, which pafs through holes 
in the wood-work, and alfo in the iron Aiders. Thefe 
Aiders form one piece with the back iron fcraper I, in the 
manner more fully explained in fig. 5. K, the wooden 
back of the machine, which fitould be made ftrong, to re- 
Aft the weight of the earth when collected therein. The 
iron fcraper Aiould be firmly fecured to this by (crews and 
iron-work. LL, the wooden fides of the machine, firmly 
connected with the back and frame-work, in order to af- 
fift in collecting the earth to be removed. M, a ftrong 
crofs-piece, into which the ribs which lupport the back 
are well mortifed. The interior part of the back of the 
machine is (hown at K, fig. 5 ; I, the iron fcraper, ftiarp 
at the bottom, firmly fcrewed to the back of the machine; 
G G, parts of the fide-irons or Aiders, (howing the mode 
in which they are united with the fcraper I; M, the crofs- 
piece already defcribed. The filver medal of the Society 
of Arts was voted to Mr. Charles for his invention. See 
their Tranf. vol. xxi. 
LEV'ELLING, /. The art or aft of finding a line pa¬ 
rallel to the horizon at one or more ftations, to determine 
the height or depth of one place with refpedt to another ; 
for laying out grounds even, regulating defcents, drain¬ 
ing morafles, conducting water, &c. See the article Sur¬ 
veying. The aft of direfting any thing to a certain 
point. The aft of making level, by filling up the holes, 
or other deprefiions and inequalities, that are met with in 
lands, whether they are in the ftate of fward, or in that of 
tillage. It Aiould always be performed in fuch a man¬ 
ner, as the parts thus filled up may at firft be fomevvhat 
higher than the common furface round them, in order to 
allow for the fettling which necefiarily takes place ; and 
Aiould be done with fuch materials as can be moft con¬ 
veniently procured, and which are proper for the purpofe, 
being filled in an even and regular manner, and well trod¬ 
den down at the time. See Leveller. 
LEV'ELNESS, f Evennefs; equality of furface. 
Equality with fomething elfe,—The river Tiber is ex- 
prelied lying along, for fo you muft remember to draw ri¬ 
vers, to exprefs their levelnejs with the earth. Peackam. 
LEV'EN, f. [ levain , Fr. Commonly, though lefs pro¬ 
perly, written Leaven, which fee.] Ferment; that which, 
being mixed in bread, makes it rife and ferment. Any 
thing capable of changing the nature of a greater mafs.— 
■■ The matter fermenteth upon the old liven, and becometh 
more acrid. Wifeman's Surgery.— The peftilential levains 
conveyed in goods. Arbulhnot. 
LEV'EN, f. in natural hiftory, a term ufed by Boccone 
for the milky juice contained in the globules at the tops 
of the (talks of red coral. Thefe round buttons are the 
only part of the coral which are foft while under water; 
and from thefe the milky juice is eafily exprefled by a gen¬ 
tle fqueezing between the fingers. The globules are each 
made up of five or fix little cells, not communicating with 
one another, and each containing its own feparate quan¬ 
tity of this white and thick fluid. When the coral is 
newly taken up out of the fea, this juice is of a (harp, 
Vol. XII, No. 852. 
LEV 
acrimonious, and aftiingent, tafte; hut, when it has been 
fome time expofed to the air, it lofes the acrimony, and 
the altringency of the tafte onlv remains. This change 
in the talle is made in fix or eight hours, in hot weather; 
and the juice, in the fame time, lofes its colour and con¬ 
fidence, growing hard and brown. Phil. Tranf. N° 10c. 
LEV'EN, a river of Scotland, which runs from Lodi 
Lomond, and falls into the Clyde near Dunbarton. 
LEV'EN, a river of Scotland, which runs from Loch 
Leven into the bay of Largo. 
LEV'EN, a town of Scotland, in the county of Fife, on 
the north coaft of the Frith of Forth, in Largo Bay, at 
the mouth of the river Leven : thirteen miles north-north- 
eaft of Leith. Lat. 56. 12. N. ion. 3.1. W. 
LEV'EN, a river of England, in the county of Lancaf- 
ter, which paftes through Winander Mere, and empties 
it lei f in Morecambe Bay. 
LEV'EN, a village in the eaft riding of Yorkftiire, in. 
Holdernefs, weft of Hornfey-Meer. 
LEVT.N (Black), a river in Cumberland, which runs 
into the White Leven at Bucknefs. 
LEV'EN (White), a river in Cumberland, which runs 
into the Kirkfop near Tomwat-Hill. 
LEV'ENANT, a river of Wales, which runs into the 
Dovy about one mile below' Machynlleth. 
LEV'ENEN, Livenen, or Levontin a, a valley of Hel¬ 
vetia, belonging or 1 ‘ubjeft to the canton of Uri, the feat 
of the ancient Lepontii, fituated to the fouth of St. Go- 
thard ; the inhabitants are chiefly Italians. It is watered 
by the Tefino. 
LEU'ENFORDE, a town of Weftphalia, in the prin¬ 
cipality of Calenberg, on the Weler ; twenty-five miles 
weft-north-weft of Gottingen. 
LEVEN'NY, a river of Wales, in the county of Den¬ 
bigh, which runs into the Cluyd near Ruthin. 
LEVEN'NY, or Leonny, a river in Caernarvonfhire, 
which runs into the Iri(h Sea at Caer-Jerienrade. 
LEV'ENS, Le'va, or Le v'enez, a town of Hungarj', near 
the river Gran, where the Turks were defeated in the year 
1664, by general Souches, a Frenchman. The lofs of the 
Turks was 12,000 killed, and 1500 prifoners, with 100 
colours, 2000 waggons, 200,000 fequins, ao pieces of can¬ 
non, and abundance of provifion, ammunition, and bag¬ 
gage. It is twenty-four miles north-north-eaft of Gran, 
and eighty-four eaft of Vienna. 
LEU'ENSTEDE, a town of the duchy of Holftein: five 
miles fouth of Rendfburg. 
LEVEN'TEN, a lake of Pruftia : fifty-fix miles fouth- 
eaft of Konigfberg. 
LEV'ENTHORP, a village in the north riding of York- 
fiiire, on the Tees, north-eaft of Yarna.—A village in 
the weft riding, near Bradford. 
LE'VER, f \_levier, Fr.] The firft and moft fimple of 
the mechanical powers. See the article Mechanics.— 111 
a lever, the motion can be continued only for fo (hort a 
fpace, as may be anfwerable to that little diftance betwixt 
the fulcimentand the weight; which is always by fo much 
leffer, as the difproportion betwixt the weight and the; 
power is greater, and the motion itfelf more eafy. Wilk. 
Math. Magick.— Have you any leaven to lift me up again* 
being down ? Shakefpeare. 
Some draw with cords, and fome the monfter drive 
With rolls and levers. Denham . 
LE'VER, adv. [ufed by Spenfer for liefer, the compa¬ 
rative of lief. ] Rather: 
Die had Are lever with enchanter’s knife. 
Than to be falfe in love. Fairy Queen. 
[Prefixt to were, it makes an iniperfonal verb.] Rather let. 
—Me lever were with point of foeman’s fpeare be dead. 
Favy Queen. 
LE'VER (Sir Afliton), was the fon of fir Darcy Lever, 
of Alkington, near Manchefter. He finifiied his educa¬ 
tion at Corpus-Chrifti college, Oxford 5 and, on leavin 
7 £ th 
t-n « 
