LEY 
566 
to Van Royen; Royena Iucida, in^ flower, as large as a 
.moderate hawthorn-tree, and thought to be very hand- 
Jfome ; and a Angular plant from the Cape, fuppofed to be 
an Echites, with a large tuberous root railed high above 
the furface of the ground, two or three weak Items a foot 
high, and large dark-brown flowers. In the univerfity- 
library, is Rauwolf’s Herbarium, which is very magnifi- 
cent, and the plants well preferved ; alfo Boccone’s Her- 
.barium of the plants defcribed in his Fafciculus Plan- 
tarum, publiffied by Morifon at Oxford in 1674. Her¬ 
man’s Collection of Ceylon Plants is alfo here, and a vo¬ 
lume of Weft-India Plants, belonging to Herman, which 
are very l'carce in Holland. 
We are told that four lyceums are to be eftablifhed im¬ 
mediately, in confequence of a decree of Bonaparte, at 
Amfterdam, Utrecht, Leyden, and Groningen; belides new 
colleges and central fchools in all the other principal 
towns of Holland. How far the prefent ftate of things 
(April 1813) may leflen the force of decrees from France, 
we cannot at prefent conjecture. 
Sir John Carr notices the carillons, or chimes, at Ley¬ 
den and other cities of Holland. Thefe carillons are played 
upon by means of a kind of keys communicating w>ith 
the bells, as thofe of the piano-forte and organ do with 
firings and pipes, by a perfon called the carilloneur, who 
is regularly instructed in the fcience, the labour of the 
practical part of which is very fevere, he being almolt al¬ 
ways obliged to perform in his flairt with his collar un¬ 
buttoned, and generally forced by exertion into a profufe 
perfpiration, fome of the keys requiring a two pound 
weight to deprefs them ; after the performance, the caril¬ 
loneur is frequently obliged immediately to go to bed. 
By pedals communicating with the great bells, he is en¬ 
abled with his feet to play the bafe to feveral fprightly 
and even difficult airs, which he performs with both his 
hands upon the upper fpecies of keys, which are project¬ 
ing fticks, wide enough afunder to be ftruck with violence 
and celerity by either of the two hands edgeways, with¬ 
out the danger of hitting the adjoining keys. The player 
ufes a thick leather covering for the little finger of each 
hand, to prevent the exceffive pain which the violence of 
the ftroke, neeeflary to produce fufficient found, would 
occafion. Thefe muficians are very dexterous, and will 
play pieces in three parts, producing the firft and fecond 
treble with the two hands on the upper fet of keys, and 
the bafe as before defcribed. By this invention a whole 
town is entertained in every quarter of it: that fpirit of 
induftry which pervades the kingdom, no doubt, origi¬ 
nally fuggefted this mode of amufing a large population, 
without making it neeeflary for them to quit their avoca¬ 
tions one moment to enjoy it. The found at a dif- 
tance is like the tones of a very fweet hand-organ ; but 
the want of fomething to flop the vibration of each bell, 
to prevent the notes of one paflage from running into an¬ 
other, is a defideratum which would render this fort of 
mufic highly delightful. Leyden is fourteen miles north 
of Rotterdam, and nineteen fouth-weft of Amfterdam. 
Lat. 52. 9. N. Ion. 4. 20. E. 
Leyden Phial. See the article Electricity, vol. vi. 
p.411. 
LEY'DEN (Lucas van), a Dutch painter of eminence, 
born at Leyden in 1494, was the fun of Hugo Jacobs, a 
painter of moderate talents, who was his firft inftructor. 
At a very early age Lucas began to exercife himfelf in 
his art; and, being fent to the fchool of Cornelius Engel- 
brecht, he made a rapid progrefs. With aftoniftiing in- 
duftry he praclifed in the feveral branches of painting in 
oil, water-colours, and on glafs, and in engraving; and 
before the age of fifteen he produced his picture of St. 
Hubert, by which he acquired a great reputation. His 
tafle and manner were thofe of his country and age; the 
■former without elegance, the latter ftiff and dry; but he 
coloured well, defigned with tolerable correftnefs, and gave 
ftrong expreflion. His paintings and engravings are finilhed 
with great labour and exattnefs. An emulation prevailed 
LEY 
between him and Albert Durer, but of a liberal kind. 
The latter took a journey to Leyden on purpofe to vifit 
Lucas ; they exchanged portraits, and fent each other co¬ 
pies of all their engravings. Lucas married young, and 
lived in an expenlive ftyle. When in the height of his 
fame, he equipped a veil'd at his own expenfe, with which 
he vi filed the capital towns of the Low Countries, giving 
entertainments to all the principal painters in each. John 
Mabufe of Middleburg made him lo hofpitable a return, 
that his health was much injured by his convivial tour, 
and he even fancied that he had been poifoned. He took 
to his bed on his return ; and, though he did not ceafe 
from occafionally exercifing the brulh and graver, yet he 
remained in the ftate of an invalid till his death in 1533, 
at the age of thirty-nine. He left a great number of en¬ 
gravings on copper and wood, fome of which are much 
valued by connoifleurs. His portraits and other paint¬ 
ings are found in various collections. A picture repre- 
fenting the Laft Judgment, containing a vaft number of 
figures, well painted, but in a ftrange extravagant ftyle, is 
kept in the town-hall of Leyden as a relic of great value. 
D'Argenvil/e. Pilkington's Dt£l. 
LEY'DEN, a fmall illand in the Eaftern Indian Ocean, 
near the coalt of Java, in fight of Batavia. 
LEY'DEN, a fmall illand in the Gulf of Manar, near 
the weft coalt of Ceylon : twelve miles weft of Jaffnapatam. 
LEY'DEN, a fmall illand in a bay of the Pacific Ocean, 
on the north coaft of New Guinea. Lat. 3.58. S. Ion. 
135. 39. E. 
LEY'DEN, a town of Pruffia : twenty-feven miles fouth- 
fouth-eaft of Konigfberg. 
LEY'ERWITE, f. A fine formerly paid for adultery 
or fornication. Phillips. 
LEY'LAND, a townlhip of Lancaffiire. In 1801, the 
population was 2088, of which 619 were employed in 
trade and manufactures: fix miles fouth of Prefton. 
LEY'MEN, or Leinen, a town of Germany, in the 
palatinate of the Rhine : eight miles fouth of Heidelberg. 
LEY'NBACH, a river of Germany, which rifes about 
two miles fouth of Eppingen, and runs into the Neckar 
three miles below Heilbronn. 
LEY'PA, Lip'pey, or Leip'pa, a town of Bohemia, in 
the circle of Leitmeritz: twenty miles north-eaft of Leit- 
meritz, and thirty-eight fouth-eaft of Drelden. Lat. 50. 
39. N. Ion. 14. 43. E. 
LEY'RE, a town of Spain, in Navarre : eight miles 
north-eaft of Sanguefa. 
LEY'R'IA, a city of Portugal, in the province of Ef- 
tremadura, the fee of a bilhop, erected in the year 15450 
Here is a glals-houfe, eftablifhed by an Englifh’man. The 
number of inhabitants is about 3500. On an eminence, 
near the town, is an ancient caftle, built by the Moors : 
fifty-feven miles north-north-eaft of Lilbon, and thirty-fix 
fouth of Coimbra. Lat. 39. 39. N. Ion. 8. 34. E. 
LEY'SE, a town of Pruffia, in Ermeland : eighteen 
miles north-eaft of Heilfberg. 
LEYSE'RA, J. [fo denominated by Linnaeus, in ho¬ 
nour of Frederic-lVilliam LeyJ'er, author of the Flora Ha- 
lenfis, in 1761, Svo. a fynopfis of the plants found about 
Hall in Saxony, difpofed according to the Linnasan fyf- 
tem, but with fcarcely any fynonymes. Haller terms it 
“a rich Flora, with original remarks, as well as new 
plants.”] In botany, a genus of the clafs fyngenefia, order 
polygamia luperfiua, natural order of compofine dif- 
coideas, (corymbiferae, JuJf.) The generic characters are— 
Calyx : common ovate, imbricate ; feales obtufe, concave, 
harffi. Corolla: compound rayed; corollets hermaphro¬ 
dite tubular, feveral, in the dilk ; females ftrap-lhaped, fe¬ 
veral, in the ray. Proper of the hermaphrodite funnel- 
form, five-toothed, rather upright. Female ftrap-ffiaped, 
lanceolate, entire. Stamina: in the hermaphrodites ; fila¬ 
ments five, capillary, very Ihort; antherte cylindric, tu¬ 
bular. Piftillum : in the hermaphrodites ; germ fmall ; 
ftyle filiform ; ttigma bifid. Pericarpium : none ; calyx 
unchanged. Seed 1 in the hermaphrodites, folitary, ob¬ 
long 5 
