670 L I B 
lyx unchanged. Seeds : folitary, cornered ; down fea¬ 
thery, coloured, feflile. Receptacle naked, fiat.— EJfen- 
tial Ckarn&er. Calyx oblong, imbricate, awnlefs, co¬ 
loured ; down-feathered, coloured; receptacle naked, 
hollow-dotted. 
This genus confifts of fpecies feparated from Serratula, 
on account of the down being feathered and the recepta¬ 
cle naked. Jufiieu faw the neceflity of this, and was of 
opinion that thefe plants are nearer to Eupatorium or Ca- 
calia. Gtertner, feeing that they are diftincl both from 
Serratula and Eupatorium, gave them the name of Su- 
prago. Walter faw that they were diftincl, but did not 
give them a generic name. 
Species, i. Liatris Noveboracenfis, or long-leaved 1 ia- 
tris : leaves lanceolate-oblong, ferrate, pendulous. Stems 
feveral, ten or twelve feet high, fmooth, deeply ftriated, 
pale green, ftout, rigid, ftraight, not branching except at 
top for the flowers. Leaves alternate, very long, narrow 
in proportion to their length, veined, wrinkled, roughifli, 
but without hairs ; dark green above, fomewhat hoary 
underneath. Flowers in a fort of umbel (or corymb) at 
top, confifting of fewer heads than in L. glauca, lefs fcat- 
tered, and fmall in proportion to the plant. Heads more 
ftrigofe, the florets not turned fo much outwards: caly- 
cine feales, efpecially the lower, narrower, and. ending in 
ilender, oblong, horns. It feldom flowers till the end of 
Oftober. The florets are of a deep purple colour, and 
the calyx is tinged with purple. Seeds oblong, columnar, 
whitifh : crowned with a hairy, ftiffilh, brownifh down. 
Native not only of New York, but of Virginia, Carolina, 
and other parts of North America. 
z. Liatris praealta, or tall liatris: leaves lanceolate-ob¬ 
long, ferrate, fpreading, hirfute underneath. Root pe¬ 
rennial, large, ftriking deep into the ground. Stems 
branching only at top, feven or eight feet high, purplifli, 
ftraight, deeply ftriated. Leaves feven inches long, and 
an inch and a half broad in the middle, ending in acute 
points, entire, deep green above, hoary on their under 
fide, feflile. Flowers in loofe eredf bunches at the ends 
of the branches; florets pale purple. Dillenius obferves, 
that the leaves are Ihorter and lefs wrinkled, wider in the 
middle, not pendulous, as in the preceding, but either 
horizontal or pointing obliquely upwards ; they are alfo 
lefs ferrate, and more minutely; yellowifh green above, 
and more hoary beneath. In figure and toothing they are 
like peach-leaves, but differ from them in being wrinkled 
above and hoary beneath ; the heads of flowers are fome¬ 
what rounder, and the cufps or horns at the end of the 
calycine feales are fhorter. Native of Virginia and Ca¬ 
rolina, and other parts of North America ; flowers from 
September to November. 
3. Liatris glauca, or glaucous liatris : leaves ovate-ob¬ 
long, acuminate, ferrate; flowers corymbed ; calyxes 
roundifh. Stems fix or feven feet high, purple, and chan¬ 
nelled. Leaves three inches long, and an inch and a half 
broad in the middle, ftiff, and light green on both fides. 
Native of Maryland, Virginia, and Carolina. 
4. Liatris fquarrofa, or rough-headed liatris: leaves li¬ 
near; calyxes fquarrofe, fubfeffile, acuminate, lateral. 
Root tuberous; root-leaves a foot long, and half an inch 
wide, rigid and nerved. Stems feveral, Ample, from two 
to three feet in height, the thicknefs of the little finger, 
covered with a fine pubefcence, and having many alter¬ 
nate leaves, reflex, rigid, nerved, with ftraight veins, fub- 
hirfute, like thofe of Tragopogon, but not ending in fo 
acute a point, nor embracing the ftem; all fhorter than 
the root-leaves, gradually fmaller and narrower towards 
the top of the ftem ; fmooth above, hairy beneath and 
along the edges. Native of mod of the provinces in 
North America. Miller fays that he received the feeds 
from Carolina; the Kew Catalogue afligns it to Virginia. 
It flowers in July and Auguft. 
5. Liatris fcariofa, or ragged-cupped liatris: leaves 
lanceolate, quite entire; calyxes fquarrofe, peduncled, 
blunt. This differs very much from the preceding. 
Stem Angle, ilrong, channelled, three or four feet high. 
L I B 
Leaves three inches long, and half an inch broad. Flower# 
purple, in a long loole fpike, at the upper part of the 
Item, on pretty long blunt peduncles ; they have large 
rough calyxes, compofed of wedge-fhaped feales. The 
flowers at the top of the lpike open firft. It flowers ia 
Auguft; but the feeds do not ripen here. Native of Vir¬ 
ginia. 
6. Liatris pilofa, or hairy-leaved liatris : leaves linear, 
hairy ; flowers axillary, on long peduncles. Stem hairy, 
from three to five feet in height. Flowers purple, feflile, 
fubimbricate, in fpikes; calyxes many-flowered, with the 
feales preffed clofe. - Native of North America; intro¬ 
duced in 1783 by Mr. William Young; flowers in Sep¬ 
tember and October. 
7. Liatris fpeciofa, or hairy-cupped liatris : leaves li- 
near-fickled; flowers feflile, in fpikes; calycine leaflets 
rough-haired, acute; inner elongated, coloured at the tip. 
Stem upright, two feet high, tomentofe. Calyxes five- 
flowered, red at the tip. Native of Carolina and Geor¬ 
gia ; introduced in 1787, by Meffrs. Watfons; flowers in 
October. 
8. Liatris fpicata, or fpiked-liatris : leaves linear, ci- 
liate at the bale; flowers in fpikes, feflile, lateral; Item 
Ample. Root tuberous ; ftem fmooth, three feet high. 
Flowers purple, fubimbricate, on fliort peduncles. Ca¬ 
lyxes many-flowered, fubcylindric, imbricate, with ob¬ 
long blunt feales, prefled clofe, glutinous, as is the whole 
plant. Native of North America; where it is called 
throat-wort, the root being difeutient. It flowers from 
Auguft to October. 
9. Liatris graminifolia, or grafs-leaved liatris: ftem Am¬ 
ple, fmooth, fix feet high. Leaves long, like thofe of 
grafs, fubvillole within. Flowers purple, feflile, in fpikes; 
calyxes many-flowered, with blunt fubconverging feales. 
10. Liatris ramofa, or branching liatris: ftem fomewhat 
branched, four feet high, pubefeent. Leaves lanceolate. 
Flowers fubfeffile, purple, in fpikes. 
11. Liatris paniculata, or panicled liatris: ftem hairy, 
vifeid, a foot high, Ample. Calyxes Ample, five-leaved, 
five-flowered. It varies with purple and with white flowers. 
12. Liatris uniflora, or one-flowered liatris : ftem (hort, 
branched. Peduncles one-flowered ; calyxes many-flow¬ 
ered, with converging feales. 
13. Liatris odoratillima, or fweet liatris: ftem three or 
four feet high. Root-leaves obovate-oblong; ftem-leaves 
oblong-lanceolate, even. Flowers in corymbs, purple. 
The laft five fpecies, as well as the 6th and 7th, all from 
Walter’s Carolina, Gmelin has inferted among the Chry- 
focomas, as it fhould feem without any foundation. 
To LIB, v.a. [in Ray's North Country words.] To geld 3 
The next fow-gelder, 
(O’ my life) fhould lib me, rather than embrace thee. 
MaJJinger's City Madam. 
LI'BA, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Saatzs 
ten miles eaft of Eger. 
LIBA'MEN, /. [Latin.] A libation. Bailey. 
LI'BAN, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Bole- 
flaw : twelve miles eaft-fouth-ealf of Jung Buntzel. 
LIBA'NA,/. [Greek.] Frankincenfe. 
LIBA'NIUS, a celebrated Greek fophift or rhetorician, 
was born of an ancient family at Antioch, about the year 
314. From his youth he devoted himfelf to literature ; 
and he purfued his ftudies at Athens, which city ftill 
maintained its ancient fuperiority in eloquence and phi- 
lofophy, though vitiated by the bad taffe of the age. Af¬ 
ter he had finifhed his education, he collefted difciples, 
and made himfelf known by various rhetorical compofi- 
tions. His reputation was high both at Conftantinople 
and Nicomedia ; at which latter city, Julian, then prince, 
though forbidden to attend upon his leftures, yet became 
acquainted with his writings, and imitated his ftyle and 
manner. The jealoufy of his rivals purfued him from 
place to place ; and he finally returned to Antioch, where 
he fpent the remainder of his days. About the year 360 
he was preceptor to two perfons who afterwards became 
celebrated 
