628 LIE 
mitted a detachment from the French garrifon at Ma- 
eftricht; but they abandoned it, after deftroying the 
works, in March following. The inhabitants, no longer 
kept in awe by the citadel, again rebelled, and elefted 
their burgomafters as they had done before; but the bi- 
Ihop receiving fome troops from France, under the com¬ 
mand of the comte de Choifeul, the citizens opened the 
gates on the 25th of July, 1684, without coming to extre¬ 
mities. The two burgomafters were beheaded, but the 
reft of the citizens pardoned, and a ftrong garrifon placed 
in it under the marquis de la Salle. A lhort time after, 
the citadel was repaired, and its fortifications increafed ; 
but the new works were .deftroyed about eight years after. 
In 1691, prince jean-Louis d’Elderen was the firft to de¬ 
clare war againft France, being fupported by the emperor, 
Spain, England, Holland, &c. Louis XIV. fent the mar¬ 
quis de Boufflers to Liege, who bombarded it, and did 
confiderable damage. At the death of Charles II. king 
of Spain, the prince Jofeph Clement of Bavaria, in the 
year 1701, declared for his nephew Philip V. and the 
comte de Berio, governor of the citadel, received the 
French troops. On the 14th of October, 1702, the allies, 
under the command of the duke of Marlborough, made 
themfelves mailers of the city, and of the citadel on the 
23d. The Dutch kept a garrifon of troops in the citadel 
till the year 1718, at their own expenfe, in virtue of an 
article in the peace of Aix la Chapelle, concluded four 
■years before, and then quitted it to the foldiers of the bi- 
ftiop of Liege, after deftroying all the out-works. 
Liege is divided into three parts, the City, the Ifland, 
and the Outer Meufe. It has ten grand fauxbourgs, and 
two fmaller, fixteen gates, feventeen bridges, and 154 
Hreets. There are two very fine quays, planted with rows 
of trees. Befides the cathedral, before the revolution, it 
Jiad within the city and fauxbourgs feven collegiate and 
.thirty parilh churches, and forty-fix religious houfes. 
The cathedral of St. Lambert is a vaft ftrufture, built by 
St. Hubert in the year 712, on the very fpot in which his 
predecefl'or St. Lambert, bilhop of Maeftricht, had fuffered 
martyrdom. It was firft confecrated to St. Cofmo and St. 
Damien ; but, the body of St. Lambert being removed 
thither, it changed its name to that of St. Lambert. St. 
Hubert founded twenty prebends; St. Floribert, his foil 
and fuccelfor, founded ten more ; after which time their 
number was augmented to fixty, and their revenues in 
proportion. It was neceffary that thefe canons or pre¬ 
bendaries fliould be of noble extraction; at one time they 
■counted feven fons of kings, thirty fons of dukes, and 
twenty-two fons of comtes. The treafury of this church 
was very confiderable, both In relics and in other riches, 
particularly an equeftrian ftatue of St. George in gold, 
.prefented by the duke of Burgundy, as a mark of his pe¬ 
nitence for having pillaged the city in 1468. The bifliop 
was elected by the canons; he was abfolute, and one of 
the molt confiderable ecclefiaftical princes ii\ Germany, 
having in his diocefe fifty-two baronies, eighteen cities or 
walled towns, and four hundred villages, with a revenue 
of 300,000 ducats a year, and was able to keep an army of 
■eight thoufand foldiers, without opprefting his fubjedls. 
The houfes are high, and built of bluifti marble. The 
manufactures are arms, nails, leather, ferge, and beer. In 
.St. William’s convent, without the city, is tiie tomb of the 
famous Englifh traveller, fir John Mandeville, with an 
infcription in barbarous French, requefting thofe who read 
it to pray for his foul: near it are kept the faddle, fpurs, 
and knife, that he made ufe of in his travels. After hav¬ 
ing feen molt of the cities of any note in the world, he 
made chqice of this to fpend the eve of his life in. A 
little way from the city, on the other fide. of the Maes, 
Hands the epilcopal palace of Seraing, in which the bilhops 
generally refide during the fummer. 
Dumourier, at the head of his French troops, made 
himfelf mafter of Liege the 22d of November, 1792 ; the 
March following, the French were compelled to retire, 
and driven out of Liege and Brabant; but in the year 
L I E 
1 
1794. the French troops again entered Liege, after a lhort 
refiftance. According to the lateft accounts, the popula¬ 
tion of Liege amounted to 50,000. It is 46^ polls north- 
north-eaft of Paris, and fourteen eaft of Antwerp. Lat. 50, 
40. N. Ion. 5. 37. E. 
LIEGE, adj. \lige, Fr. ligio, Italian ; lights , low Lat. ] 
Bound by fome feudal tenure; fubjedt: whence liegeman 
for fubjedt.—Sovereign. [This fignification feems to have 
accidentally rifen from the former, the lord of liege men 
being by miftake called liege lord.] —So much of it as is 
founded on the law of nature, may be ftyled natural reli¬ 
gion ; that is to fay, a devotednefs unto God our liege lord, 
fo as to att in all things according to his will. Grew's Cofm. 
My lady liege, faid he. 
What all your fex defire is fovereignty. Dryden. 
LIEGE, f. Sovereign; fuperior lord : 
O pardon me, my liege! but for my tears 
I had foreftall’d this dear and deep rebuke. Shakefpearc « 
The natives, dubious whom 
They muft obey, in conlternation wait 
Till rigid conqueft will pronounce their liege. Philips. 
LIE'GEMAN, f. A fubjedl.—Sith then the anceftors 
of thofe that now live, yielded themfelves then fubjedls 
and liegemen, fhall it not tye their children to the fame 
fubjection ? Spenfer on Ireland. 
This liegemran ’gan to wax more bold ; 
And, when he felt the folly of his lord 
In his own kind, he ’gan himfelf unfold. Fairy Queen* 
Thus the word liege is taken to fignify both mafter and 
fervant: liege-lord is he that acknowlegeth no fuperior 5 
and liegeman is he who oweth allegiance to his liege-lord. 
The king’s fubjedls are called lieges, liege-people, becaufe 
they owe and are bound to pay allegiance to him. 8 Hen. 
VI. c. 10. 14 Hen. VIII. c. 2. But in ancient times, pri¬ 
vate perlons, as lords of manors, &c. had their lieges. 
LIE'GER,yi See Leger, p.448.—A refident ainbaffa- 
dor: 
His pafllons and his fears 
Lie liegers for you in his bread, and there 
Negotiate your affairs. Denham's Sophy. 
LIE'GNITZ, or Lig'nitz, a town of Silefia, and capi¬ 
tal of a principality of the fame name, and one of the bed 
towns in Silefia, iituated on the Katzbach. The old pa¬ 
lace of the princes, though within the town, is furrounded 
with a diltindt moat and high wall. This palace, fince 
the fire in 1711, by which it was nearly deftroyed, has 
been repaired. The ftates of the provinces affemble here 
in a very (lately (tone edifice. The Lutherans have two 
churches; the papifts are in poffeflion of the collegiate church 
of St.John, which, in 1698, was taken from the Luther¬ 
ans, and, being given to thejefuits, was entirely rebuilt; 
and the fuperb burial-chapel of the dukes of Lignitz and 
Brieg, of the Breflau line, was added to it. Befides thefe, 
they have a college of fuitable magnificence, with other 
religious popilh foundations. Here is alfo a fpacious aca¬ 
demy, founded by the emperor Jofeph, for the inllrudlion 
of young gentlemen, of both religions, in military exer- 
cifes. Liegnitz carries on a confiderable trade in cloth 
and madder; and is one of the mod ancient towns in all 
Silefia. In 1241, after the unfortunate battle with the 
Tartars, the inhabitants themfelves fet the town on fire, 
and quitted it; but againlt the caftle the Tartars vented 
their rage in vain. In 1338, 1411, 1438, 1495, 1532, 1558, 
1609, 1639, 1648, and 1672, it was either wholly de¬ 
ftroyed by fires, or fuffered varioufly by them. In 1741, 
the Pruftians took it, without oppofition. In the year 
1757, while in the hands of the Auftrians, its works were 
augmented; notwithftanding which, towards the end of 
the fame year, it capitulated to the Pruftians. It is thirty- 
two miles weft of Breflaw, and 105 north-eaft of Prague. 
Lat. 51. n. N. Ion. 16.10. E, 
LIEN. 
