L I fi 
LIEN, the participle of lie. —One of the people might 
lightly have lien with thy wife. Gen. xxvi. io. 
"LIEN,yi [French.] An obligation, tie, or claim, an¬ 
nexed to, or attaching upon, any property 5 without fa- 
tis'fying which, fuch property cannot be demanded by its 
owner. Thus the colts of an attorney are a hen upon 
deeds and papers in his hands ; a factor has a lien on goods 
in his hands for balance due from his principal, See. 
LIEN-CHAN', a town of China, of the third rank, in 
Quang-tong: fifteen miles weft-fouth-weft of Tien. 
LIEN-CHAN-POU', a town of Chinefe Tartary: twelve 
miles north-norih-eaft of Ning-vuen. 
LIEN-KIANG', a town of China, of the third rank, 
in Fo-kien: feventeen miles north-eaft of Fou-tcheou. 
LIEN-PING', a city of China, of the fecond rank, in 
Quang-tong: 100 miles north-call of Canton. Lat. 24. 
18. N. Ion. 113. 53. E. 
LIEN-TCHE'OU, a city of China, of the firft rank, 
in Quang-tong, on the river Lien-kiang, which forms a 
convenient harbour for Ciiineie barks: 1195 miles louth- 
fouth-weft of Peking. Lat. 21.40. N. Ion. 108. 39. E. 
LIEN-TCHING', a town of China, of the third rank, 
in Fo-kien : twenty-two miles ealt-louth-eall of Ting- 
tcheou. 
LIENTER'IC, adj. [from lientery.] Pertaining to a li- 
entery.—There are many medicinal preparations of iron, 
but none equal to the tincture made without acids; efpe- 
ciaily in obftruftions, and to (Lengthen the tone of the 
parts; as in lienteric and other like cafes. Greco's Mufeeum. 
LI'ENTERY,/! [from the Gr. /.si 01, fmooth, and e/]:«», 
gut; lienlerie , Fr.J A particular loofenefs, or diarrhoea, 
wherein the food pa-fles fo fuddenly through the llomach 
and guts, as to he thrown out by (tool with little or no 
alteration. 
LI'ENTZ, or Lintz, a town of the county of Tyrol, 
at the conflux of the Ifola and the Drave : forty-three 
miles eall of Brixen, and fixty-fix ealt of Tyrol. Lat. 46. 
45. N. Ion. 12. 45. E. 
LI'EOU-KI'EOU, the name of certain iflands of Alia, 
fubjeft to China; but hitherto little known to geogra¬ 
phers, who have been fiatisfied with marking their exiltence 
and latitude in their charts. They, however, form a pow¬ 
erful and extenfive empire, the inhabitants of which are 
civilized, and ought not to be confounded with other fa- 
vage nations difperfed throughout the iflands ol Alia. 
Father Gabil, a Jefuit, has furnilhed us with fome inter- 
citing details relpedting rhefe iflanders, which he extracted 
from a Chinefe relation, publiflied in 1721, at the end of 
a voyage that was undertaken on the following account. 
The emperor Kang-hi, having refolved, in 1719, to fend 
an ambaffador to the king of Lieou-kieou, chofe for this 
purpofe one of the great doctors of the empire, named 
'Supao-Koang. This learned man departed from China in 
1719, and returned to Peking in 1720, where,, in the year 
following, he caufed a relation of his voyage to be pub¬ 
liflied in two volumes. It is in the firft of thefe that he 
gives an accurate and particular defeription of the illes of 
Lieou-Kieou; and what he relates appears to be worthy 
of the greater credit, becaufe, being on the fpot, he exa¬ 
mined, as he himfelf fays, according to the orders of the 
emperor, whatever he found curious or interefting, re- 
fpecting the number, fituation, and productions, of thefe 
illes; as alfo the hiltory, religion, manners, and cuftoms, 
of the people who inhabit them. 
Thefe ifles, fituated between Corea, Formelh, and Japan, 
are in number thirty-fix. The principal and largeft is 
called Lieou-Kieou; the reft have each a particular deno¬ 
mination. This largeftifland extends fronjmorth to fouth 
about 130 rr.iles, and -36 or 40 from o-Lto weft; but on 
the fouth fide, the extent from eaft to welt is not 30. The 
fouth-eaft part of the ifland, where the court refides, is 
called Cheou-li; and it is there that Kint-ching, the ca¬ 
pital city, is fituated. The king’s palace, which is rec¬ 
koned to be four leagues in circumference, is built on a 
neighbouring mountain. It has four gates,, which corre- 
Voi. XII. No. 8|.S, 
L I E G 29 
fpond to the four cardinal points; and that which fronts 
the-weft forms the grand entry. The view which this pa¬ 
lace commands is molt extenfive and delightful; it reaches 
as far as the port of Napa-kiang, at the diltance of three 
miles, to the city of Kint-ching, and to a great number of 
other cities, towns, villages, palaces, temples, monafteries, 
gardens, and pleafure-houfes. It Hands in lat. 26.2. N. 
Ion. 146.26. E. 
If we believe thefe iflanders, the origin of their empire 
is loft in the remoteft antiquity. They reckon up twenty- 
five fiucceflive dynafties, the duration of which forms a 
period of more than 18,000 years. It would be ufelefs to 
employ a fingle moment in pointing out the abfurdity of 
thefe pretenfions. It is, however, certain, that the exiitence 
of the country called Lieou-kieou was not known in China 
before the year 605 of the Chriftian era. It was in the 
courfe of that year, that one of the emperors of the dynalty 
of Soui, having heard of thefe illes, was defirous of know¬ 
ing their fituation. This prince at firft fent fome Chinefe 
thither; but their expedition proved fruiflefs, as the want 
of interpreters prevented them from acquiring that know¬ 
ledge which was the object of their voyage. They only 
brought fome of the iflanders with them to Sigan-fou, the 
capital of the province of Chen-fi, which was theufuai refi- 
dence of the emperors of the dynalty of Soui. It fortunately 
happened, that an ambaffador of the king of Japan was 
then at court. This ambaffador and his attendants im¬ 
mediately knew the (irangers to be natives of Lieou-kieou ; 
hut they fpoke of thefe ifles as of a miferable and wretched 
country, the inhabitants_of which had never been civilized. 
The emperor of China afterwards learned, that the prin¬ 
cipal ifland lay to the eafl of a city called at prefent Fou- 
tcheou-fou, which is the capital of the province of Fo- 
kien; and that, in a paffage of five days, one might reach 
the large ifland where the king kept his court. On this 
information, the emperor Yang-ti lent fkilful men, ac¬ 
companied by interpreters, to fummon the prince to do 
homage to the emperor of China, and to pay him tribute. 
This propofal was very ill-received. The king of Lieou- 
kieou lent back the Chinefe, telling them fternly, that he 
acknowledged no prince to be his luperior. This anfwer 
irritated the emperor, who, to obtain revenge,.caufed a fleet 
to be immediately equipped in Fo-kien, in which he em¬ 
barked 10,000 men. This fleet fet fail, and arrived in 
fafety at the port of Napa-kiang. The firry, in fpite of 
every effort made by the natives, landed on the ifland; 
and the king, who had put himfelf at the head of his troop* 
to oppofe the enemy,, having fallen in battle, the Chinefe 
pillaged, lacked, and burnt, the royal city, made more 
than 5000 Haves, and returned to China. 
The emperors of the dynalty of Tang, thofe of the (liort 
dynalties that followed, and thofe of the dynalty of Song, 
although they were fully informed of every thing refpeft- 
ing the Lieou-kieou ifles, made no attempts to render them 
tributary. In 1291, Chi-tfou, emperor of the dynalty of 
Yven, was defirous of reviving the pretenfions of his pre- 
deceffors; but fchemes of conquelt had become difagreea- 
bie to the Chinefe, lince the difafter that befel their army- 
in an expedition againft Japan; and it was not till tho 
year 1372, under the reign of Ilong-you, founder of 
the dynalty of Ming, that thefe iflands l'ubmitted to 
the Chinefe government. Hong-vou had fent one of the 
grandees of his court to Tfay-tou, who was then reigning 
at Lieou-kieou, to inform him of hisacceflion to the throne. 
The Chinefe nobleman had received particular inltruc- 
tions refpedting this coinmifiion, and he acquitted himfelf 
of it with ail the prudence and addrels of an able minif- 
ter. In a private audience which he had with Tfay-tou, 
he exhorted this prince to declare himfelf a tributary of 
the empire, and laid before him the-advantages he would 
derive from this ftep. His reafoning, fupportea by the 
powerof his natural eloquence, madelo much impreffionon 
the mind of Tfay-tou, that he embraced the propofal made 
him, and fent immediately to the emperor to demand the 
inyeiUture of feis Hates. Hong-vou received his envoys in 
