L I E 
his (lead; fuch as thelord-lkutenantof I rein mi, and lords 
lieutenants of counties. See Lord-Lieutenants. But 
the term is moft frequent-with military men, among whom 
there is a variety or lieutenants. 
Lieutenant is the fecond commiffioned officer in every 
company of both foot and horfe, and next to the captain, 
who takes the command upon the death or abfence of the 
captain. Fufileer corps, grenadiers, and light infantry, 
have fecond lieutenants and no enfigns. 
Lieutenant of a Ship of War, is the officer next in 
rank and power to the captain, in whofe abfer.ce he is 
charged with the command of the (hip, and alfo the exe¬ 
cution of any orders which he may have received from 
the commanders relating to the king’s fervice. The lieu¬ 
tenant, who commands the watch at fea, keeps a lilt of all 
the officers and men belonging to it, in order to multer it, 
and report to the captain the names of thofe who are ab- 
fent from their duty. During the night-watch he occa- 
fionally vifits the lower deck, or fends thither a proper 
•officer to fee that order is obferved. He is always to be 
upon deck in his watch, to give orders for trimming the 
fails and fuperintending the navigation, and for preferv- 
ing order; but he is never to change the (hip’s courfe 
without the captain’s direction, unlefs it be to avoid an 
immediate danger. In time of battle he is to'fee that all 
the men are prefent at their quarters, to order and exhort 
them to perform their duty, and to inform the captain of 
any mifbehaviour. The youngeft lieutenant of the (hip, 
who is alfo called lieutenant at arms, is, befides his com¬ 
mon duty, to train the feamen to the ufe of fmall arms, 
and in time of battle to attend and direft them for this 
purpofe. 
LIEUTENANT op ARTILLERY, is an officer of the 
artillery in each company, of which there are one nrft and 
three fecond lieutenants. The firff lieutenant has the 
fame detail of duty with the captain, becaufe, in his ab¬ 
fence, he commands the company. The fecond lieute¬ 
nant -is the fame as the enfign in an infantry regiment, 
being the youngeff; commiffioned officer in the company, 
and it is his duty to affift the firff lieutenant. 
LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, the commander-in-chief 
of a regiment in the abfence of the colonel. 
The dragoons have alfo a lieutenant-colonel; but the 
borfe have not, properly, any; the nrft captain of the re¬ 
giment fupplies the office. 
LIEUTENANT-GENERAL, the firff military dignity 
after that of a general. One part of their function is to 
affift the general with counfel; and, therefore, this offi¬ 
cer ought, if poffible, to pofiefs the fame qualities with 
the general himfelf; and this is the more necefiary, as he 
often commands armies in chief, or fucceeds to the com¬ 
mand on the death of the general. Lieutenant-generals 
have been of late multiplied in Europe, in proportion as 
the armies have become more numerous.' They ferve ei¬ 
ther in the field, or in (leges, according to the dates of 
their commiffions. In 'battle the eldeft commands the 
right wing of the army, the fecond the left wing, the 
third the centre, the fourth the right wing of the fecond 
line, the fifth the left wing, the fixth the centre, and fo on. 
In (leges the lieutenant-generals always command the 
right of the principal attack, and older what they judge 
proper for the advancement of the liege, during the 
twenty-four hours they are in the trenches, except the 
attacks, which they are not to make without an order 
from the general-in-chief. Lieutenant-generals are enti¬ 
tled to two aids-de-camp. 
In France they have alfo lieutenant-generals of their na¬ 
val forces, who command immediately under the admirals. 
In Holland they have a lieutenant-admiral, which is the 
fame with what we call a vice-admiral. 
LIEUTENANT-GENERAL of ARTILLERY, is 
fuppoffd to be an able mathematician and engineer, to 
know all the powers of artillery, to underftand the at¬ 
tack and defence of fortified places, in all their different 
.branches, and how to dilpofe of the artillery in the day 
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of battle to the greateft advantage ; to conduft: Its march 
and retreat; and alfo to be well acquainted with the nu¬ 
merous apparatus belonging to the train, laboratory, &c. 
LIEUTENANT-GENERAL of the ORDNANCE, 
he who has the charge of the artillery, batteries, &c. un¬ 
der the mailer-general, or in his abfence. This officer 
was firff eftablilhed in 1597. 
LIEUTEN'ANTRY, f. [from lieutenant .] A word 
which feems as if ufed by Sliakefpeare to denote either 
fome fubordinate or foine over-cautious military (kill: 
He alone 
Dealt on lieutenantry, and no p raft ice had 
In the brave fquares of war. Ant. and Cleopatra. 
LIEUTEN'ANTSHIP,/. The rank or office of lieute¬ 
nant. 
LIEUVILLE'R, a town of France, in the department 
of the Oife : feven miles north-north-eaft of Clermont. 
LI'FAM-PA'O, a town of Corea : 670 miles eaft-north- 
eaft of Pekin. Lat. 42.48. N. Ion, 130. 32. E. 
LIFE, f. plural lives, [hpan, to live, Sax.] Union and 
co-operation of foul with body; vitality; animation, op- 
pofed to an inanimate fate. —Let the waters bring forth 
abundantly the moving creature that hath life. Gen. i. 20. 
She (hows a body rather than a life, 
A ftatue than a breather. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra. 
Prefent date; as diftinft from other parts of human ex- 
iftence: 
When I confider life, ’tis all a cheat; 
Yet, fool’d by hope, men favour the deceit; 
Live on, and think to-morrow will repay ; 
To-morrow’s falfer than the former day; 
Lies more; and, when it fays we (hall be bleft 
With fome new joy, takes off what we poifeft. 
Strange coz’nage ! none would live paft years again. 
Yet all hope pleafure in what yet remain ; 
And from the dregs of life think to receive 
What the firlt fprightly running could not give. Drydctt. 
Enjoyment, or pofleffion of exiftence, as oppofea to death. 
■—He entreated me not to take his life, but exaft: a funi 
of money. Broome on the Odyjfey. 
Nor love thy life, nor hate ; but what thou liv’d 
Live well, how long or (hort permit to Heav’11. Milton. 
Blood, the fhppofed vehicle of life.—The blood is the 
life, and thou mayeft not eat the life with the flefn. Dm. 
xii. 23. 
His gufliing entrails fmoak’d upon the ground. 
And the warm life came iffuing through the wound. Pope. 
Conduct; manner of living with refpeft to virtue or vice. 
—I’ll teach my family to lead good lives. Mrs. Barker. 
His faith perhaps in fome nice tenets might 
Be wrong; his lift I'm Cure was in the right. Cowley. 
Condition ; manner of living with refpeft: to happinef* 
and mifery s 
Such was the life the frugal Sabines led ; 
So Remus and his brother-god were bred. L-ryden. 
Continuance of our prefent ftate : as, Half his life was 
(pent in ltudy.-—Some have not any clear ideas all their 
lives. Locke. 
Untam’d and fierce the tyger (till remains, 
And tires his life with biting on his chains. Prior. 
The living form : oppofed to copies. —He that would be a 
mailer, muff draw by the life as well as copy from origi- 
nals, and join theory and experience together. Collier.— 
Exaft: refemblance : with to before it.—I believe no cha¬ 
racter of any perfon was ever better drawn to the life thaa 
this. Denham. 
He faw in order painted on the wall 
The wars that fame around the world had blown. 
All to die life , and every leader known. Dryden. 
General 
