655 
L I F 
!umn marked “ Whole Life,” and there, in a fimilar manner, 
he finds the fum to be paid by him annually to fecure to his 
family or afligns the fum of 100I. Thus, a perfon aged 
thirty years and five months, looks to the firft column, 
for the number 31, and in a line with it he finds in the 
fecond column marked “One Year,” the figures xl. 13s. 
9d. and, by paying this fum, he will fecure to his family 
or afligns one hundred pounds if he dies within the year 
from the day on which he made the payment. In the 
third column, he finds in the fame line the numbers xl. 
15s. yd. and, by paying this fum every year, he will fe¬ 
cure to his family or afligns one hundred pounds in cafe 
he dies within feven years. In the laft column, he finds the 
numbers 2I. 14s. yd. and, by paying this fum annually, 
he fecures to his family one hundred pounds, let his death 
happen at any time. The reader will compare this Table 
with that given in vol. ii. p. 294. The rates, however, 
are liable to a difcretionary increafe from the confideration 
of the date of the party who applies for affurance. Mi¬ 
litary perfons are charged two-and-twenty per cent, on 
the smouht of their premiums additional; officers on half¬ 
pay, officers in the militia, fencibles, and the like levies, 
and perfons not having had either the fmall-pox or cow- 
pox, are charged eleven per cent, on their premiums ex¬ 
tra. If the perfon prefers to pay a fum down at once, in- 
ftead of annual payments, the fum is fixed upon a due 
proportion to the annual payments in the table for his age. 
Table II. prefects the rate of annual payments, to fie- 
cure iool. to the furvivor of two perfons; thefe payments 
having been made during the joint lives of the parties. 
In the column marked “ Life to be allured,” are given 
ages from ten to fixty-feven, and the perfon at whofe death 
the fum is to be paid looks into this column for the num¬ 
ber neareft his age. In the next column, marked “ Life 
againft which the Affurance is to be made,” the age of the 
perfon, who is to receive the fum affured, is to be fought. 
In the third column, marked “Premium,” is, in the line 
with the laft number, found, the fum to be annually paid 
during the joint lives of the two parties concerned in this 
mode of affurance. Thus, if a hufband, aged thirty, is 
defirous of fecuring to his wife, aged twenty, a fum at his 
deeeafe, provided fhe furvives him, he looks into the fhft 
column on the left hand, and finds the number 30 between 
two divifions. In the next column, between thofe divi- 
fions, he finds the number 20, and in a line with the num¬ 
ber 20, in the third column, he finds the fum 2I. 6s. od. 
which he is to pay annually during the joint lives of him- 
felf and his wife, to fecure to the latter iool. at his death, 
provided fixe furvives him. If the hufband prefers the 
payment of a grofs fum at once, he may do it by advanc¬ 
ing a fum proportionable to the annual payments. If the 
ages of the parties are any where between thofe fet down 
in the columns of the Table, the rate per cent, for thofe 
ages is fixed upon the fame fcale with thofe fet down, 
and the reader may judge of this proportionate premium 
by ccmfulting the premiums neareft to the ages of the par¬ 
ties on whom the affurance is to be made. 
Table III. ftates the annual fums to be paid during 
the joint lives of two parties, to fecure to the furvivor one 
hundred pounds on the death of the other party 5 in this 
cafe the two fir ft columns on the left hand, entitled “ Age,” 
are to be looked at for the ages required ; and from the 
age of the elder party, in the fecond column, we take the 
figures in the third column in the fame line with it. Thus 
a hufhand, defiring to make this affurance on the lives of 
himfelf and his wife, he being thirty years of age and 
his wife twenty-five, looks into the firft column for her 
age, and in the next column under it finds the number 
30, oppofite to which, in the third column, Hand the 
numbers 4.1. 5s. od. which he is to pay annually to fecure 
iool. to be paid to either, on tire death of the other. 
LI'FE-BLOOD, /. The blood necelfary to life ; the 
vital blood.—They loved with that calm and noble value 
which dwells in the heart, with a warmth like that of 
life-blood. Spectator, 
L I F 
Money, the life-blood of the nation, 
Corrupts and ftagnates in the veins, 
Unlefs a proper circulation 
Its motion and its heat maintains. Swift. 
LI'FE-BOAT. See Life-Preserver. 
LIFE-ESTA'TE, f. An eftate of freehold, not of in¬ 
heritance. Of thefe fome are conventional, of exprefsly 
created by the aft of the parties ; others merely legal , or 
created by conftruftion and operation of law. See the 
article Estate. 
1. Eftates for life of the firft kind, exprefsly created by 
deed or grant, are where a leafe is made of lands or tene¬ 
ments to a man to hold for the term of his own life, or 
that of any other perfon, or for more lives than one ; in 
any of which cafes he is ftyled tenant for life, only, when 
he holds the eltate by the life of another, he is ufually 
called tenant pur autre vie. Thefe eftates for life are like 
inheritances, of a feodal nature; and for fome time were 
the higheft eltate that any man could have in a feud, which 
was not in its original hereditary. They are given or 
conferred by the fame feodal rights and folemnities, the 
fame inveftiture or livery of feilin, as fees themfelves are; 
and they are held by fealty, if demanded, and fuch con¬ 
ventional rents and fervices, as the lord or lefTor, and his 
tenant or lelfee, have agreed on. Eftates for life may be 
created, not only by exprefs words, but alfo by a general 
grant, without defining or limiting any fpecific eltate. 
As if we grant to A. B. the manor of Dale, this makes 
him tenant for life. Such eftates for life will, generally 
fpeaking, endure as long as the life for which they are 
granted : but there are fome eftates for life, which may 
determine upon future contingencies, before the life for 
which they are created expires; as an eftate granted to a 
woman during her widowhood, or to a man till he be 
promoted to a benefice. Thefe, while they fublift, are 
reckoned eftates for life; becaufe, the time for which they 
will endure being uncertain, they may by poffibility laft 
for life, if the contingencies upon which they determine 
do not fooner happen. 
In cafe an eftate be granted to a man for his life gene¬ 
rally, it may alfo determine by his civil death ; for which 
reafons, in conveyances the grant is ufually made for the 
term of a man’s natural life, which can only determine by 
his natural death. One fpecies of civil death is, where a 
man, by abl of parliament, is attainted of treafon or felony ; 
and, faving his life, is baniffied for ever; this lord Coke 
declares to be a civil death; but he fays, a temporary ex¬ 
ile is not a civil death. Under this reafoning,wherea man 
receives judgment of death, and afterwards leaves the 
kingdom for life, upon a conditional pardon, there can be 
very little doubt but this amounts to a civil death: this- 
praftice did not exift in the time of lord Coke, who fays 
that a man can only lofe his country by authority of par¬ 
liament. 1 Inf. 133. 
2. The fecond eftate for life is of the legal kind, as con- 
tra-diftinguiffied from conventional ; viz. that of tenant in 
tail after poffibility of iffue extinft. This happens where 
one is tenant in lpecial tail, and a perfon, from whofe 
body the iffue was to fpring, dies without iffue; or, hav¬ 
ing left iffue, that iftue becomes extinft; in either of thefe 
cafes, the furviving tenant in fpecial tail becomes tenant 
in tail after poffibility of iffue extinft. This eftate muft 
be created by the aft of God ; that is, by the death of 
that perfon out of whofe body the iffue was to fpring; for 
no limitation, conveyance, or other human aft, can make 
it. A poffibility of iffue is always fuppofed to exift in law, 
unlefs extinguiffied by the death of the parties; even 
though the donees be each of them 100 years old. Litt. § 34. 
Co. Litt. This eftate is of an amphibious nature, par¬ 
taking partly of an eftate-tail, and partly of an eftate for 
life. In truth, the tenant is only tenant for life, but 
with many of the privileges of a tenant in tail; as, not 
to be punifliable for walte, &c. Co. Litt. 27. or, he is te¬ 
nant in tail, with many of the reftriftions of a tenant for 
3 life 5. 
