670 L I F , 
Remarks .—Tt is often extremely difficult, and in many 
cafes abfolutely impoflible, to get a communication with 
a veflel, efpecially on the beach between Yarmouth and 
Loweftofi'e, parallel to which runs, for about fixty miles in 
length, a ridge of fand about a hundred and fifty yards 
from the (hore, on which vefiels ground, and on which 
breaks (in a (form) a tremendous furf, the intervening 
fpace between the ridge and the (hore being full of a very 
crofs and heavy fea, which forms an eddy, fomething of 
the nature of a whirlpool, that baffles every endeavour of 
the people on-board or on-fiiore to get communication 
with each other; a calk, for inftance, or any other floating 
fubftance, inftead of drawing on-fhore, turns round, and 
continues mid-way, and, with the wind at or near north 
or fouth, never comes on-fhore at all; and I have feen 
two hours employed in the attempt, which in winter, 
when the people are perifhing fad, owing to their being 
wet and frozen, is particularly dilfrefling; but in many 
cafes it is abfolutely impoffible for the men to be on deck, 
(efpecially in fmall coal-laden vefiels,) the fea breaking 
completely over them as high as their leading-blocks ; 
confequently the people are obliged to be in the rigging, 
and then it is quite out of their power to afiift themfelves ; 
nor is it poflible for the people on-fiiore to give them any 
help, except by the means of this excellentapparatus, which 
I doconfidera mod effectual relief in fuch cafes of diftrefs. 
As to the method explained already of having the ap¬ 
paratus on-board every fliip, fo that the (hot might be 
thrown on the beach or rocks, it is to be confidered, that 
in many cafes of fhipwreck, (efpecially when the veflel is 
deep laden,) the men, as obferved before, are totally un¬ 
able to keep the deck, the fea completely breaking over 
it; confequently they are obliged to take to the rigging, 
where they are foon benumbed by the cold, and quite un¬ 
able to afiift; themfelves, while thofe on fhore, who are dry, 
and who have room with exercife to keep their blood in 
circulation, are the reverfe; befides, it takes up a confi- 
derable fpace (more than there is on-board fmall vefiels, 
fuppofing the men are capable of exerting themfelves) to 
manage the apparatus. 
The throwing the grapnel I confider a moft important 
part of the bufinefs, as without it I conceive it impoflible 
to get a life-boat off a beach fimilar to the one I have before 
mentioned; and, indeed, it has always been found im¬ 
practicable, and feldom attempted, when blowing very hard 
and a great furf, as the weight of the boat is fo conliderable 
when the is (truck by a fea, that it is not in the power of 
any fet of men to pull her through, without the aflift- 
ance of a rope ahead. Now the grapnel, being thrown 
by the force of the powder two hundred yards, falls with¬ 
out the broken water, and enables the men to haul her 
through it without difficulty; and fuch a new and effec¬ 
tual power is acquired by the invention, as will be the 
means of faving many valuable lives. John Fowler. 
DireEiions for applying Capt. Manby's Invention. 
A five-and-half-inch royal mortar is laid at the objeCl 
requiring afliftance, if the wind blows diredftly on the 
(hore; but an allowance to be made to windward, in pro¬ 
portion as the wind blows on the fide, as the body of rope 
will fall confiderably to leeward in that cafe. The rope 
requires the greateft regularity in being laid, as on that 
depends its prefervation; it muft be fhort faked, and care 
taken that the fakes do not touch each other; the end is 
paffed through a leather cafe of three feet in length, which 
effeftually prevents the rope burning, and bent to a large 
eye that projects out of the (hot. It being fired over the 
veflel, the rope falls on the rigging. When the perfons 
on-board get it, they are to return a rope by the one fent, 
to which the people on-(hore will bend a (tout rope, and 
a tailed block rove with the rope that had been fired, to 
get communication; thefe they will haul on-board. The 
(tout rope muft then be made fall to any part of the rig¬ 
ging they can depend on; but, if the mails are (landing, 
I fiiould recommend that it be faftened to the mall-head. 
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juft below the cap, for the convenience of getting from 
the top into the conveyance fent to them, as the people 
are moft likely to affemble in the tops. The other end 
of the large rope (hould be tied to a long gun-tackle pur- 
chafe, fecured by three iron-fliod flakes, driven triangu¬ 
larly into the ground. The tackle, being bowfed, keeps 
the rope fufficiently taught, and perfons eating off the fall, 
as the fliip rolls, prevents the rope parting, or what it is 
lathed to from being carried away. The tailed block is 
made fall juft under the large rope ; and one end of the 
fmall rope that is rove through it is bent to the fore part 
of a cot; the other end to the after-part of the fame con¬ 
veyance. The cot has large eyelet-holes in it, to let out 
water it might catch in dipping through the top of a furf, 
and lathings to fecure the people from being waflied out. 
It is extended by a ftretcherof wood, having gudgeons and 
forelock-pins at each end to receive the great rope, and 
travel on it to and from the veflel, as long as the holds 
together, for the purpofe of bringing on-thore the crew, 
goods, or ftores. 
LITE-RENT, f. A rent which a man receives for 
term of life, or the fuftentation of it. Skene. 
LI'FE-STRING, f. Nerve; firings imagined to convey 
life: 
Thefe lines now are the veins, the arteries. 
The undecaying life-firings of thole hearts 
That ftill Avail pant, and (till (hall exercife 
The motion fpirit and nature both impart. Daniel. 
LITE-TIME, f. Continuance or duration of life.—■ 
Jourdain talked profe all his life-time, without knowing 
what it was. Addifon on Medals. 
LI'FE-WEARY, adj. Wretched; tired of living : 
Let me have 
A dram of poifon, fuch foon-fpeeding geer 
As will difperfe itfelf through all the veins. 
That the life-weary taker may fall dead. Shakefpeare. 
LI'FEHOLD, f. A real eftate held on a leafe for lives. 
LI'FELESS, adj. Dead; deprived of life: 
I, who make the triumph of to-day, 
May of to-morrow’s pomp one part appear, 
Ghaftly with wounds, and lifelefs on the bier. Prior. 
Unanimated; void of life.—The power which produces 
their motions, fprings from fomething without them¬ 
felves : if this power were fufpended, they would become 
a lifelefs unaftive heap of matter. C/uyne. 
Was I to have ne’er parted from thy fide; 
As good have grown there ftill a lifelefs rib ! Milton . 
W'antitig power, force, or fpirit: 
Hopelefs and helplefs doth JE geon wend, 
But to procraftinate his lifelefs end. Shakefpeare. 
Wanting or deprived of phyfical energy : 
The other vitftor-flame a moment flood, 
Then fell, and lifelefs left th’ extinguilh’d wood. Drydere. 
LI'FELESSLY, adv. Without vigour; frigidly ; je¬ 
junely. 
LIFF, a town of Scotland, in the county of Angus : 
four miles north-weft of Dundee. 
LIFFAMAT'ULA, an ifland in the Eaftern Indian 
Sea : twenty-five miles long and fix broad. Lat. 2. S. 
Ion. 126. 18. E. 
LTFTEY, a river of Ireland, which rifes in the north- 
weftern mountains of the county of Wicklow', and, wind¬ 
ing through the county of Kildare, paffes through the 
city of Dublin, and flows into Dublin bay. It derives 
its ohief importance from the greatnefs of the city fitu- 
ated on its banks. 
LIFTORD, the county-town of the county of Done¬ 
gal, Ireland, a very fmall place, and at one extremity of 
that large county, but fixed upon to accommodate the 
judges and gentlemen of the bar: one mile weft from 
Strabane, and 101 north-weft by north from Dublin. 
3 LIFFRE', 
