L I G 
6Q8 
LIG'NUM LAS'VE. See Geabraria, vol. viii. 
LIG'NUM MOLUCCEN'SE. See Croton, vol. v. 
LIG'NUM SAPP AN'. See Ctesalpinia, vol.iii. 
LIG'NUM SCHOLA'RE. See Echites, vol. vi. 
LIG'NUM VT'TtE. See Guaiacum, vol. ix. p. 63. 
LIGNY', a town of France, in the department of the 
Meufe. In 1544, this town was taken by the emperor 
Charles V nine miles fouth-eaft of Bar ie Due. 
LIGNY' le CHATEAU', atown of France, in the de¬ 
partment of the Yonne : fix miles fouth of St. Florentin, 
and nine north-eaft: of Auxerre. 
LI'GOR, a town of Afia, and once capital of a king¬ 
dom, now fubjeft to Siam, fituated on a river of the fame 
name. The Dutch have a factory here for tin, rice, and 
pepper. Lat. 8. 18. N. Ion. 100. 35. E. 
LI'GOR, or Tantalam', Sn ifland at the entrance of 
the, gulf of Siam, of a triangular form, and about 130 
miles in circumference. Lat. 8. 10. N. Ion. 100. 50. E. 
LIGO RIO (Pino), an artift and antiquary pf the fix- 
teenth century, was defeended from a noble family of Na¬ 
ples. He w as by profeflion a painter and architeft; but 
lie had a particular paftion for antiquities, and fpent a 
great part of his life in refearches of that nature, as well 
in the kingdom of Naples as in other parts of Italy. As 
he drew with great facility, lie every-where copied what 
lie faw, ancient monuments, medals, and inferiptions, 
See. with the intention of making a complete colleflion 
of the kind for the illuftration of the hiftory and writings 
of antiquity. His reputation caufed him to be invited to 
the court of Alphonfo II. duke of Ferrara, who gave him 
the title of his antiquary in 1568, with an ample llipend. 
It is extraordinary that a man who was fo far from learn¬ 
ed, that he fcarcely underftood Latin, ihould have inte- 
refted himfelf fo much in thefe matters. This defect has 
occafioned many errors in his compilations with regard to 
inferiptions ; yet antiquaries have acknowledged that his 
labours were highly ufeful and meritorious. His manu¬ 
script works filled thirty volumes, which are faid to he 
now depofited in the archives of the court of Turin, hav¬ 
ing been purchafed for 18,000 ducats by Charles Emanuel 
3 . duke of Savoy. Some leparate parts of this collection 
have been committed to the prefs ; as, a treatife On the 
Antiquities of Rome, printed in 1553 ; a trait De Vehiculis, 
tranflated from the original into Latin ; and a Fragment 
of the Hiftory of Ferrara, 1676. As an artift, Ligorio 
delerted painting, and attached himfelf folely to archi¬ 
tecture. He was employed in this capacity by the popes 
Paul III. and IV. and Pius IV. and, after the death of 
Michael Angelo, was appointed with Vignola to Superin¬ 
tend the building of St. Peter’s, with directions to follow 
the plan of that great artift. Proposing to deviate from 
it, his employment was taken away by Pius V. It was af¬ 
ter this period that he went to Ferrara, where lie died in 1583. 
LIGS, J. in farriery, a difeale of the mouth incident to 
liorfes. 
LIG'TA,/! in botany. See Alstroemeria. 
LIG'UA, a river of Chili, which runs into the Pacific 
Ocean in Lit. 32-. S. 
LIG'UA, a town of Chili, on the river fo called : fe- 
venty-two miles nortli-noi-th-eaft of Valparayfo. 
LIGU'EIL, a town of France, in the department of the 
Indre and Loire : nine miles fouth-welt of Loches, and 
twenty-one fouth of Tours. 
LIGUEU'X, a town of France, in the department of 
the Dordogne : nine miles north-north-eaft of Perigueux. 
LIG'ULA, f. [Latin.] A little tongue ; a latcliet fora 
fhoe; a lace; a point. The leaft denomination of liquid 
meafure among the Romans. In old records, the copy of 
a court-roll. In botany, the thin membrane which ter¬ 
minates the Iheath on the Items of corn and grafs. 
LIG'ULA, f. the Bandage-worm ; in helminthology, 
a genus of inteftinal worms. Generic characters—Body 
linear, equal, long; the fore-part obtufe; the hind-part 
acute, with an imprelled dorfal future. There are only 
two lpeciei. 
L I G 
1. Ligula mteftinalis, the inteftinal bandage-worm • 
body clear white, and very narrow. Found in the intef- 
tines of the merganfer and guillemot; about a foot long., 
and exaCtly refembling a piece of tape. 
2. Ligula abdominalis, the abdominal bandage-worm 5 
body pale alb, and rather broad. There are eight varie¬ 
ties, infefting as many different fpecies of fifh. They are 
found principally in the mefentery, emaciating the fifti 
they infeit, and making them grow deformed : when they 
efcape from the body, they penetrate through the Ikin ; 
they are about half a line thick, and from fix inches to 
five feet long. 
LIG'ULA, /. The name given to a genus of teftaceous 
worms, inftituted by Mr. Montagu, in the Supplement to 
his Teftacea Britannica, 1811 ; the characters of which he 
gives as follows: “Animal an afeidia; (hell bivalve, equi- 
yalve; hinge with a broad tooth in each valve, projeCIing 
inwards, furnilhed with a pit or cavity for the reception 
of the connecting cartilage; in fome fpecies, a minute 
ereCf tooth." The fpecies are felefted from the genera 
Mactra and Mya, which fee. 
LIGULA'RIA,/ in botany. See Euphorbia, vol. vis. 
LIG'ULATE, adj. in botany, ftrap-fliaped; applied to 
the flat corollet of a compound flower. 
LIGU'NY, a town of Samogitia: forty-four miles eafl: 
of Miedniki. 
LI'GURE,y! A precious ftone.—The third row a li- 
gvre, an agate, and an amethyft. Exodus.' 
LIG'URES, the inhabitants of Liguria. 
LIGU'RIA, in ancient geography, a country of Italy, 
bounded on the fouth by the Mediterranean Sea, on the 
north by the Apennine mountains, on the weft by part of 
Tranfalpine Gaul, and on the ealt by Etruria; compre¬ 
hending the greater part of the modern diftriefs of Nice, 
Piedmont, Montferrat, Genoa, Modena, and Parma, 
There is a great difagreement among authors concerning 
the origin of the Ligurians, though moft probably they 
were defeended from the Gauls. Some carry up their ori¬ 
gin as far as the fabulous heroes of antiquity; while others 
trace them from the Ligyes, a people mentioned by He¬ 
rodotus as attending Xerxes in his expeditions againft 
Greece. Thefe Ligyes are by fome ancient geographers 
placed in Colchis; by others, in Albania. According to 
Diodorus Siculus, the Ligurians led a very wretched life; 
their country being entirely overgrown with woods, which 
they were obliged to pull up by the root, in order to cul¬ 
tivate their land, which was alfo encumbered with great 
Hones, and, being naturally barren, made but very poor 
returns for all their labour. They were much addifted to 
hunting ; and, by a life of continual exercife and labour, 
became fo ftrong, that the weakeft Ligurian was generally 
an overmatch for the llrongeft and molt robuft among the 
Gauls. The women are laid to have been almoft as ftrong 
as the men, and to have borne an equal fliare in all labo¬ 
rious enterprifes. With all their bravery, however, they 
were not able to refill the Roman power ; but were fub- 
dued by that warlike nation, about 211 B. C. 
The form of their government appears to have been a!, 
ways republican. It is remarkable that, in all the details 
of the wars of Liguria during the times of the Romans, 
the name of not a fingle Ligurian king, prince, or com¬ 
mander-in-chief, occurs; a ftrong proof of the equality 
of condition which prevailed among this people. All the 
hiftory of the middle ages, as well as that of more recent 
periods, exhibits the inhabitants of the region formerly 
known by the name of Liguria as more inclined to inde¬ 
pendence, to a republican government, and to infurrec- 
tions, than any of their neighbours. Their wars, their 
commerce, their afperity, and the fterility of the foil which 
obliged them to inceflant labour, prevented them for % 
long period from cultivating the fine arts, or from devot¬ 
ing themfelves to literature.. From the time of the Sci- 
pios, when the Romans firft began to acquire a tafte for 
Itudy, the Ligurians, who had juft fallen under their yoke, 
were treated as an ignorant people. The hiftory alio of 
3 " the 
6 
