300 X I G 
Several oilier fpecies of Ligufticum are known, but not 
iu fficien 11 y a fcertai n ed. 
Propagation and Culture. Sow the feeds In autumn foon 
after they are ripe; for, when kept out of the,ground till 
. fpring, they feldom grow the firft year. When the plants 
are fit to remove, tranlplant them into a moift rich border, 
at three feet diftance, The roots of common lovage will 
'abide many years; and, where the feeds are permitted to 
fcatter, the plants will come up without care. Several of 
the other forts are only biennial, and die when they have 
•perfected their feeds. They all love a moift foil and fhady 
fituatiop. See AEgopodium, AEthusa, Athamanta, 
Laserfitium, Phellandrium, Selinum, and Sium. 
LIGUS'TICUM MA'RE, the north .part of the Tyr¬ 
rhene Sea, now the Gulf of Genoa. 
LIGUSTROI'DES, f. in botany. See Volkameria. 
LIGUS'TRUM, f. Privet ; in botany, a genus of the 
clals diandria, order monogynia, natural order of fepi- 
srite, (jafmineas, Jujf.) The generic characters are—Ca¬ 
lyx : perianthium one-teafed, tubular, very filial!; mouth 
four-toothed, eredt, obtufe. Corolla: one-petalled, fun¬ 
nel-form; tube cylindric, longer than the calyx ; border 
four-parted, fpreading; divifions ovate. Stamina: fila¬ 
ments two, oppofite, lirnple; antherae upright, almoft the 
length of the corolla. Piftillum : germ roundilh ; ftyle 
very illort; ftigma two-cleft, obtttle, thickith. Pericar- 
pium : berry globofe, fmootb, one-celled. Seeds: four, 
convex on one fide, cornered on the other. According 
to Gcertner, the berry is two-celled; the cells coated with 
a thin membrane. The feeds are two in each cell.— Ef- 
Jentiai Charaditr. Corolla four-cleft; berry four-feeded. 
Species. i. Liguftrum vulgaire,or common privet: leaves 
ovate, obtufe; panicle limply trichotomous. Common 
privet is a (lirub, ufualiy about fix feet in height, branch¬ 
ed, the bark of a greenilh alh-colour, irregularly fprinkled 
with numerous prominent points ; branches oppofite, the 
young ones flexible and purplifli. Leaves oppofite, on 
very fliort petioles, fmooth on both fides, perfectly entire, 
the lower ones at the bottom of the fmall branches leaft. 
Flowers fweet-fcented ; corolla white, but foon chang¬ 
ing to a reddilh brown. Berry fuperior, fleth.y, fubgio- 
bular, fiiining, of fo dark a purple as to feem black ; pulp 
fucculent, purplifli red. Seeds two, rarely one, in each 
ceil, oblong, convex on one fide, angular on the other, 
fir.ooth, lhining, dark purple, with a whitifh umbilicus at 
top- . 
Privet is found wild in tuoft parts of Europe, and in 
japan ; in woods and hedges ; and flourifhes beft in a 
moift foil. It flowers in July, and the berries ripen in 
autumn. Privet, in old Englifli authors, is alfo called 
prim, print, and primprint ; perhaps from its regular ap¬ 
pearance, when clipped. In German,' Dutch, Danifh, and 
Swedilh, it is called ligujltr ; in French it is trosne ; in Ita¬ 
lian, ligujiro in Spanifh, alhena ; in Portuguefe, alfena-, 
in Ruffian, fchojl. In point of utility and ornament few 
flirubs exceed the common privet. Its chief ufe is to 
form fucli hedges as are required in dividing gardens for 
flicker or ornament; and for this purpofe it ufed for¬ 
merly to be cut into fanciful drapes of men, horfes, birds, 
See. but fuch abfurdities are now antiquated. It bears 
clipping well, is not liable to be disfigured by infecls ; and, 
having only fibrous roots, it robs the ground lefs than al- 
inoft any other Ihrub. It is one of the few plants that 
will thrive in the fmoke of London, though it feldotn 
produces any flowers in the clofer parts after the firft year. 
It alio grows well under the drip of trees ; and is not apt to 
be eaten by cattle; according to Linnaeus, kine, flieep, 
•and goats, eat it, but horfes refufe it. The Sphinx liguf- 
tri, or privet hawk-moth, and Phaltena fyringaria, feed on 
a tin the caterpillar ftate; and theMeloe veficatorius, cant ha- 
rides, or blifter-beetle, is found on it. The leaves are bit¬ 
ter, ai d llightiy aftringent; the wood is very hard, and lit 
lor the turner ; from the pulp of the berries a role-coloured 
pigment may be prepared ; with the addition of alum, 
- 4 hey dye wool and iilk of a good durable green ; but for 
L I K 
this purpofe they muft be gathered as foon as they are 
ripe: they continue on the Ihrub till fpring, and in times 
of fcarcity are eaten by different forts of birds, particu¬ 
larly the bulfinch. 
Privet varies in many refpeffs. The leaves fometimes 
grow by threes, and fometimes are enlarged at the bafe ; 
they are variegated with white, and alfo with yellow ; they 
frequently continue green great part of the winter, like 
the Italian privet. The regular number of ftamens is two, 
but fometimes there are three or four in a flower. And 
it lias been found with white berries. Thunberg fays 
that in Japan the leaves are fomewhat broader and more 
blunt than in the European Ihrub. The Italian or ever¬ 
green variety, L. Italicum, is made a diftindt fpecies by 
Miller. It riles with a ftronger Hem ; the branches are 
lefs pliable, and grow more erefl; their bark is of a lighter 
colour; the leaves are much larger, end in acute points, 
are ofn. brighter green, and continue till they are thruli: 
off by the young leaves in the fpring ; the flowers are ra¬ 
ther larger, and are not often fucceeded by berries in Eng¬ 
land. 
a. Liguftrum Japonicum, or broad-leaved privet: leaves 
ovate, acuminate ; panicle decompoundedly trichotomous. 
Stem arboreous, very much branched, a fathom and a half 
in height. Native of Japan, where it flowers in June and 
My- 
3. Liguftrum Sinenfe, or Chinefe privet: leaves lanceo¬ 
late; racemes oblong, lateral,and terminating. This is a 
fmall tree, about eight feet in height, with dilfufed ftraight 
branches. Leaves lanceolate, quite entire, oppofite dark 
green ; flowers white, fmall. Native of China, about 
Canton. 
Propagation and Culture. Common privet is enfily pro¬ 
pagated by laying down the tender ftioots in autumn. In 
one year’s time they may be removed where they are to 
remain, or planted in a nurfery for two or three years, 
where they may be trained for the purpofes defigned. 
Alfo by fuckers, which it fends forth in great plenty. 
But thefe are not eafiiy kept within bounds, nor do they 
rife fo high as thofe which are increafed by layers. Or, 
thirdly, by cuttings, planted in the autumn on a fhady 
border, and in a loamy foil. But the ftrongeft and belt 
plants are raifed from feeds. Gather the berries when 
ripe, put them into a pot with fand, and bury them in 
the ground, as is praclifed with holly-berries and haws. 
After they have laid a year in the ground, take them up 
and fow them in the autumn on a border expofed to the 
eaft, where the plants will come up the following fpring. 
The varieties with ftriped leaves may be increafed by bud¬ 
ding or inarching upon the plain fort; or by laying down 
the branches, but they feldom fhoot fo fait as to produce 
branches proper for this purpofe. Being more tender, 
they fliould have a dry foil and a warm fituation ; in a 
rich foil, they foon lofe their variegation and become plain. 
The Italian or evergreen privet is now generally found 
in the muferies inftead of the common one. It is equally 
hardy, and will thrive in almoft any fituation. It is in¬ 
creafed in the fame manner; but, as it feldom produces 
berries here, they muft be-procured from Italy. See Olea, 
Ophioxvlum, Svringa, and Volkameria. 
LIGY'ES, a people of Afia who inhabited the country 
between Caucafus and the river Phafis. Some fuppofe 
them to be a colony of the Ligyes of Europe, more com¬ 
monly called Ligures. 
LIGYR'GUM, a mountain of Arcadia. 
LFHONS, a town of France, in the department of the 
Somme : eighteen miles eaft of Amiens, and nine fouth- 
fouth-vveft of Peronne. Lat. 50. 15. N. Ion. 2. 51. E. 
LI'KA, a county and province of Dalmatia, or Auf- 
trian Croatia, bordering on the Adriatic, oppofite the 
illand of Pago. 
LIKA'vA, a town and caftle of Hungary, five miles 
north of Rofenberg. 
LIKE, adj. [lie, Sax. liik, Dut.] Refembling; having 
refemblance.-—As tire earth was defigned for the being of 
men, 
