L I M 
againft the rife of peats, as they can be flacked near the 
k?!n, when half dry, at any time of fummer ; the moifture 
will be exhaled from them during winter, and they will 
be in a fit ftate for burning in the month of April or 
May. He lives in the north-eaftern diftrift of Cumber¬ 
land, where the farmers, in general, burn their own lime; 
nnd, though there is coal in the immediate neighbourhood, 
he gives a decided preference to peat, for the reafons 
above mentioned.” In the practice here ltated, no parti¬ 
cular form of kiln was found neceffary, nor any particu¬ 
lar fort of management in the procefs of calcination ; the 
proportion of peat depending upon the nature of the lime- 
ftone employed, and other circuniftances. 
In the Communications to the Board of Agriculture, 
Mr. Rawfon affertsi that he has produced a confiderable 
facing in the burning of lime, by conitrufting his kiln in 
the following manner: “ It is made twenty feet in height; 
at the bottom a metal plate is placed one foot in height, 
intended to give air to the fire ; over this plate the (hovel 
that draws the lime runs. The (loped Tides are fix feet 
in height, the breadth at the top of the (lope is eight feet, 
the Tides are carried up perpendicular fourteen feet, fo as 
that every part of the inlide, for fourteen feet, to the 
mouth, is exaftly of the fame dimenfions. On the mouth 
of the kiln a cap is placed, built of long (tones, and ex- 
peditioufly contrafted, about feven or eight feet high. In 
the building of the cap, on one fide of the (lope, the ma- 
fon is over the centre of the kiln, fo that any thing drop¬ 
ping down will fall perpendicularly to the eye beneath. 
He is here to place an iron door of eighteen inches fquare, 
and the remainder of the building of the cap is to be car¬ 
ried up, until the hole at the top be contracted to fourteen 
inches. The kiln is to be fed through the iron door, and, 
when filled, the door clofe (hut. The outfide wall mult 
be three feet at the bottom to batter up to two feet at 
top, and made at fuch a diftance from the infide wall of 
the kiln, that two feet of yellow clay may be well packed 
in between the walls, as every kiln built without this 
precaution will certainly fplit, and the brength of the fire 
be thereby exhaufted. At eight feet high from the eye 
of the kiln, two flues fiiould be carried through the front 
wall, through the packed clay, and to the oppofite Tides 
of the kiln, to give power to the fire.” It is obferved, 
that, with this kiln, he has produced one-third more lime 
from a given quantity of fuel; and (tones of bad quality 
will be here reduced into powder, and may be put into 
the kiln without the necefllty of being broken fo fmall as 
is ufual. As many (ituations will not admit of building 
a kiln twenty feet high, while other (ituations may allow 
of its being built thirty or even forty feet (for it cannot 
be made too high), the diameter of the kiln fiiould be 
proportioned to the height to which it is carried up. And 
it is further dated, as another application of this fort of 
contrivance, that “for leveral years he has made ufe of a 
fmall kiln in an outfide kitchen, the height nine feet, the 
diameter three feet and a half. In the fide of the kiln 
next the fire, he had three fquare boilers placed, one of 
them large, containing half a barrel, with a cock, which 
fu'ppiied the family with conflant boiling water; for the 
two others, he had tin veffels made to fit the infide with 
clofe covers, in which meat and vegetables with water 
were placed and put into the two fmaller boilers, which 
never had any water, but had clofe covers. The tin boil¬ 
ers were heated fooner than on the drongeft fire; and, when 
the meat, &c. were fufflciently d reded, the whole was 
taken out of the metal boilers. At one fide he had an 
oven placed for reading and boiling meat; the bottom 
was metal of twenty-fix inches diameter, and one inch and 
a half thick; a due from the fire went underneath. Even 
with the bottom of the oven, a grating nine inches fquare 
was placed, which opened a communication between the 
oven and the hot fire of the kiln. The height of the oven 
was fourteen inches, diut clofe by a metal door of eigh¬ 
teen inches fquare; and the top, level with the mouth of 
L I M 719 
the kiln, was covered by another metal plate of half an 
inch thick, on which was placed a fecond oven ; the heat 
which efcaped through the half-inch plate, though not 
near the fire, was fudicient to do all fmall puddings, pies, 
breakfad-cakes, &c. &c. The meat in the large oven was 
placed on an iron frame which turned on a pivot and 
dood on a dripping-pan, and was turned by the cock each 
half-hour. And over the kiln he had a tiled dage for 
drying corn, and a chimney at one fide, with a cawl on 
the top, which carried off all beam and fulphur; a large 
granary was attached to the building. It is added, that 
the lime, if fold, would more than pay for fuel and atten¬ 
dance ; and he has frequently had dinner dreffed for fifty 
men, without interfering with his family-bufinefs in any 
great degree.” 
It has been found by experience, in fome of the north¬ 
ern didricts, that lime-kilns are rendered much lefs liable 
to crack and burd by having the outfide walls carried up 
in a fquare manner, than on the ufual circular plan. 
LI'ME-KILN-B AY', a bay on the fouth coad of the 
idand of St. Chridopher: one mile wed of Baffeterre. 
EI'ME-KILNS, afeaport town of Scotland, in Fifefhire, 
on the Forth. The harbour at high tides will admit vef- 
fels of 300 tons with eafe. It belongs to the parifh of 
Dumfermline, and takes its appellation from the lime- 
works which belong to the earl of Elgin. 
LIME RE'GIS. See Lyme. 
LI'ME-STONE,y! The done of which lime is made.—• 
Fire-done and lime-Jlone, if broke fmall, and laid on cold 
lands, mud be of advantage. Mortimer. 
LI'ME-TREE, or Linden-Tree. See Tilia. 
For her the limes their pleafing diades deny, 
For her the lilies hang their heads, and die. Pope. 
LI'ME-TREE-B AY', a bay on the fouth-coad of the 
idand of Santa Cruz. Lat. 17. 45. N. Ion. 63. 27. W. 
LI'ME-TWIG, f. A twig fmeared with bird-lime: 
It bands upright 
Like lime-twigs fet to catch my winged foul. Sha. Hen. VI. 
LI'ME-WA'i'ER, f. Lime-water, made by pouring wa¬ 
ter upon qoick-lime, with fome other ingredients to take 
off it j ill flavour, is of great fervice internally in all cuta¬ 
neous eruptions, and difeafes of the lungs. Hill .— He tried 
an experiment on wheat infufed in lime-water alone, and 
fome in brandy and lime-water mixed; and had from each 
grain great increafe. Mortimer's Hujbandry. 
When lime-water is expofed to the air, it Toon becomes 
covered with a pellicle, exhibiting the prifmatic colours, 
which gradually thickens into a crud, and by its weight 
falls to the bottom of the liquid. This has been called 
the cream of lime. It is produced by the lime combining 
with the carbonic acid of the atmolphere, by which it be¬ 
comes infoluble, and is feparated from the water. The 
fame feparation takes place by breathing through lime- 
water, from the prefence of the carbonic acid ad’orded by 
refpiration. 
It is aderted, that in India cloth is bleached by the 
beam of lime-water, and that the Indians brought to 
France by admiral de Suffrein employed this method. 
To us, however, it would appear very ltrange, if it really 
fucceeded, that it (hould have been fo long neglesfted. In 
theory, we find nothing that can warrant an opinion of 
the fuccefs of fuch an operation, except that the vapour, 
which iffues from quick-lime when flaked, changes the co¬ 
lour of vegetables expofed to its aftion ; on this account 
alone the faft deferves to be put to the ted of experi¬ 
ment. 
Lime-water, for medical ufes, is prepared by pouring 
twelve pints of boiling diddled water on half a pound 
of lime, and birring them together; let the veffel be im¬ 
mediately covered, and left to band for three hours; then 
keep the folution upon the remaining lime in bopped 
glads bottles, and pour off the clear liquor when it 
