746 LIN 
to the officer in order to be printed or dyed 5 on pain of 
forfeiture and feizure, and zol. and, if any fuch piece be 
marked at a lefs price than the real value, the fame may 
be feized and forfeited, and the owner fhall forfeit zol. 
If the frame-mark be defaced, the fame fhall be renewed 
on notice; but, if any perfon (hall counterfeit or forge any 
frame-work, he fnall forfeit tool, and, if any perfon coun¬ 
terfeit the 11amp, it is felony without benefit of clergy. 
25 Geo. III. c. 72. 47 Geo. III. c. 31. 
By the 4 Geo. III. c. 37. which eftabliffies the corpo¬ 
ration of the Englifh Linen Company for making cam¬ 
brics and lawns, it is enacted, that the commiffioners of 
excife, where there fhall be a manufaftory of cambrics or 
lawns, or of goods known under that denomination, fhall 
appoint the fupervifor or other officer to feal the fame, for 
which they fhall have fuch fee as the.commiffioners fhall 
appoint; the manufacturer to give notice in writing to the 
officer, of the finiffiing of every piece, before it is taken 
out of the loom, who fhall feal the fame at both ends; on 
pain that fuch manufacturer, taking the fame out of the 
loom without having given fuch notice, and having the 
fame fealed as aforeiaid, fhall forfeit 5I. and every fuch 
piece fhall be forfeited, and may be feized by any officer 
of the cultoms or excife; and the officer, with convenient 
fpeed after notice, fhall mark and alfo number each piece; 
and make entry in writing, in books to be provided at 
the expenfe of the manufacturer, of the number fet to 
each piece, the length thereof, and the number of threads 
in the warp, on pain of 10I. If the officer fhall mark any 
not made in England, or after the fame is taken out of 
the looms, he fhall forfeit 50I. for each piece to him who 
fhall fue, and forfeit his office, and be incapacitated to 
hold any other office of truft under the crown. If any 
perfon fhall offer to the officer any bribe, he fhall forfeit 
50I. and if he fhall, by bribery or otherwife, prevail upon 
the officer to commit fuch offence, he fhall forfeit iool. 
and Hand In the pillory two hours. And the officer fhall 
yearly, in the month of June, tranfmit to the commiffion¬ 
ers an account of all goods which he fhall have ftamped, 
and a copy of the entries made, on pain of difmiffion; 
and he, or his executors, fhall deliver up the feals, on de¬ 
mand from the commiffioners, on pain of 200I. Cam¬ 
brics and lawns made in England, found unftainped, fhall 
be forfeited, and may be feized by any officer of the cuf- 
toms or excife, and.after condemnation fhall be fold ; and 
every perfon who fhall fell or expofe to fale, or have in 
his culfody for that purpofe, any cambrics or lawns made 
in England unmarked, fhall forfeit zool. fuch goods not 
to be fold, or worn in this kingdom, but to be exported, 
and to be fold only on condition of exportation. Nor 
fhall they be delivered out of the warehoufe, until bond 
be given to the fatisfaftion of the colleflor, in double pe¬ 
nalty of the goods, that the fame fhall be exported, and not 
re-landed. To counterfeit the feal appointed by this a< 5 t, 
or import any foreign cambrics or lawns having fuch 
counterfeit mark thereon, or expofe the fame to fale, know¬ 
ing the (lamp thereon to be counterfeited, is felony with¬ 
out benefit of clergy. All goods condemned in purfuance 
of this act, and all pecuniary forfeitures (not otherwife 
direfted), (hall be fued for and recovered in any of his 
majefty’s courts, in the name of the attorney-general, or 
of fuch officer as aforefaid; and applied, after deduftion 
of charges, half to the king, and half to the officer feiz- 
ing, informing, or firing, according to the directions of 
this aft. The penalties may be fued for, levied, and mi¬ 
tigated, as by the laws of excife, or in the courts at Weft- 
minfter; and employed half to the king, and half to him 
that fhall difcover, inform, or fue. 10 Anne, c. 19. 14 Geo. 
II. c. 40. 25 Geo. III. c. 72. All uterifils and inflruments 
for printing, painting, itaining, or dying, fuch goods, in 
cuftody of the faid perfon, or any other, ffiall be liable 
to all arrears of the duty, and to all penalties concerning 
the fame, in like manner as if fuch perfon was the lawful 
owner, io Anne, c. 19. 25 Geo. III. c. 72. 28 Geo. III. c. 37. 
Stealing of linen, fultian, cotton goods, See. from 
whitening-grounds or drying houfes, to the value of 10s. 
E N. 
or knowingly buying or receiving fuch ftolen goods, was 
felony without benefit of clergy. 18 Geo. II. c. 27. This 
has been lately repealed; (fee the article Larceny, p. 
242.) but breaking into houfes, (hops, Sec. and deftroying 
any linen cloth, or implements ufed in the manufacturing 
of it, is ftill a capital offence. 4 Geo. Ill .c. 37. 
The proprietors of new patterns, in printed linens, 8ec. 
have the foie right of printing them for two months. 27 
Geo. III. c. 38. See Literary Property. 
Glazing is a part of the general procefs of finiffiing 
goods for the market; and is carried on by thofe who are 
generally called cloth-lappers, or calender-men. The 
glazing is done by putting on the cloth a fmall quantity 
of white wax, fuch as ufed in the manufacture of wax 
candles, and the glofs is afterwards effected by the fric¬ 
tion of any fmooth body on the furface of the cloth. By 
the ordinary procefs the apparatus is very fimple, confid¬ 
ing merely of a fmooth table, a little inclined towards the- 
operator, like a common writing-delk, upon which the 
doth to be glazed is fpread fmoothly, and drawn over, as 
occafion requires, from one end of the piece to the other. 
Above this is a lever, fufpended from any convenient fix¬ 
ture to the roof, the lower end hanging in contact with 
the cloth ; and, by moving this backward and forward, 
the neceffary friCtion is produced. The end of the lever 
next to, and in contaCt with, the cloth, is faced with a 
fmooth piece of flint or pebble, finely polilhed, and of a 
cylindrical form, the under furface of which is in contaCt 
with the cloth. This lever being drawn backward and 
forward by the operator’s hands, the whole cloth is po- 
liflied or glazed in fucceflion, the joint at the top of the 
lever being fitted into a horizontal Aider, which allows 
the polifher to be moved from one fide of the cloth to the 
other. In this way of glazing, the whole is performed 
by the power of a man’s arms and hands; but, from the 
pofition of his body being conftantly inclined over the 
table, it is found to be a very laborious and fatiguing 
operation. The great number of people neceffarily em¬ 
ployed by this operation, and the difficulty of getting 
large quantities of goods rapidly glazed to anfwer the de¬ 
mands of hurried ffiipments for exportation, fuggefted 
lately the idea of a more fpeedy and efficacious manner of 
performing the operation of glazing by an improvement 
and alteration in the conftrudion of the common five- 
bowl calender. This improvement was planned and exe¬ 
cuted at the extenfive works of the late Mr. John Miller 
of Glafgow, who furniffied the inventor with the means 
of carrying his plan into effeCt; and, upon a proof of its 
efficacy on trial, his majefty’s royal letters patent for its 
exclufive ufe to the inventor or his affignees within Scot¬ 
land were obtained in the ufual form. Two or three ma¬ 
chines were then conftrufted for his own works, to which, 
as far as we know, they are ftill confined ; and thefe ma¬ 
chines have given the raoft univerfal fatisfaftion to all who 
have had their goods glazed by them, while at the fame 
time an immenfe reduftion of labour has been effected by 
their ufe. 
The patent glazing-machine, like the common calender, 
confifts of five bowls, or cylinders, four of which are of 
call iron, fmoothly turned, and finely poliffied on the fur- 
face, and the large or intermediate cylinder is generally 
of pafteboard on an iron axis. In the common operation 
of fmoothing by means of the calender, the velocity of the 
cylinders revolving upon their own axes is in the ratio of 
their refpeftive diameters, fo that an equal quantity of 
fuperficies is conftantly expofed of each. In the glazing- 
calender, or machine, it is only neceflsry that the motions 
of one of the cylinders ftiould be lo much accelerated as 
to produce the friftion neceffary to effect the glazing by 
rubbing againft the other cylinders with which it is in con- 
ta£I, io as not to be liable to tear or otherwife injure the 
fabric. The fimplicity of this machine, the regularity of 
the glofs which it gives, and the immenfe faving of la¬ 
bour, are powerful recommendations in its favour. The 
great quantity alfo which may be efiefted by it in a very 
limited time, renders it peculiarly adapted to meet the oc- 
cafional 
