754 LINN 
ever he came, lie found a friend; and that friend generally 
of the fivft reputation in the fciences he ftudied. 
In this year lie laid the foundation-done of that fplen- 
did temple of nature, in which he afterwards faw the molt 
enlightened men on the globe officiating as her priefts, by 
publifhing the firit edition of his Syjlema Natura, confid¬ 
ing of eight large flieets, in the form of tables ; which 
edition is now a great bibliothecal curiofity. He alfo pro¬ 
cured accefs to the iilultrious Boerhaave, who encouraged 
him to remain in Holland 5 but this advice could fcarcely 
have been followed, had he not met with a patron in Bur- 
mann, of Amfterdam, who was then preparing his The- 
iaurus Zeylanicus, and who received Linnaeus into his 
houfe as his gueft for fome months, during which period 
he printed his Fundamcnla Botanica, a frnail octavo of 36 
pages, in the form of aphorifms, which contains the very 
effence of botanical philofophy, and has never been fiiper- 
feded nor refuted. The fubfequent performances of the 
author himfelf, and of his followers, have been excellent, 
in proportion as they have kept to the maxims of this lit¬ 
tle book. 
After Linnaeus had been a few months under profeffor 
Burmann's roof, he was introduced by Boerhaave to Mr. 
George Clifford,an opulent banker, whofegarden atHarte- 
canip was one of the richelt in the world, and who thought 
himfelf happy in the opportunity of procuring fitch a 
man to ftudy and fuperintend his collection, as well as to 
make known to the wmrld any novelties it might contain. 
Linnaeus was therefore removed to Hartecamp, where, as 
he fays, “he lived like a prince.” With an ample library, 
as well as garden, at his command, in both which he had 
unlimited powers to fupply any defects that he might dif- 
cover, he had now the means of cultivating his beloved 
fcience without reftrirtion or impediment, and appears to 
have been truly fenfible of the happinefs of his lot. In 
3736, after having written his MuJ'a Clijforiiana, he was 
Lent by Mr. Clifford to England, and was introduced tp 
the lovers and teachers of natural fcience, at Oxford anti 
London more efpecially. He was ffrongly recommended 
by Boerhaave, in a letter which flill exifts, to fir Hans 
Sloane ; but this indefatigable collector neither under- 
Hood nor cared for thofe improvements in botanic fcience 
which he might have learned from his vifitor. Linnaeus 
found more intelligent and communicative friends in Dr. 
Shaw, the oriental traveller, profeffor Martyn the elder, 
the well-known Philip Miller, and the celebrated Peter 
Collinfon. Thefe men of true fcience admired his genius 
and valued his friendlhip ; they promoted his wilhes by 
every means in their power, enriching him with books j 
and fupplying him plentifully with plants, both for his 
own herbarium, and the garden of his patron at Harte¬ 
camp. He was much ffruck with what he law of London ; 
and has celebrated it in an expreffion which has often 
been repeated, calling this famous city the punElum /aliens 
in vitello orbis. Of his obfervations on the natural hiftory 
of this country, nothing is preferved but a tradition, that 
the golden bloom of the furze on the commons near Lon¬ 
don, efpecially Putney-heath, delighted him fo much, that 
he fell on his knees in a rapture at the fight. He was al¬ 
ways an admirer of this plant, and laboured in vain to 
preferve it through a Swedilh winter in his greenhoufe ; 
as we in England are obliged to fhelter the Cape fhrub in 
a Hove, though it covers walls in the open air at Paris. 
On his return to Holland, he continued the impreffion 
of his Genera Plantarum, which appeared in 1737. In Oc¬ 
tober 1736, he was made a member of the Imperial Aca¬ 
demy Naturae Curioforum, by the title, according to the 
cuftom of that body, of Diofcorides fecundus. He printed 
in 1737 the Viridarium Clijfortianum , an octavo catalogue 
of his friend’s garden, difpofed according to his own lex- 
ual fyftem; of which he publilhed, later in the fame year, 
at Leyden, an exemplification under the title of Metfiodus 
Sexualis, in which all the known genera of plants are fo 
arranged by name only. This year alfo produced his 
magnificent Horlus Cliffortianus, in folio, in which all the 
plants of Mr. Clifford’s collection, whether living or 
dried, are enumerated, with many descriptions and highly- 
inte,-effing remarks, an almoft complete detail of lyno- 
nyms, and fome of the moil exquifite plates ever feen in 
any book. This fplendid volume was not publilhed, but 
only given away by Mr. Clifford. It was begun and com¬ 
plied in nine months. In the intervals of this labour, 
the Critica Botanica , an ortavo volume, was written and 
printed. This is an entertaining commentary and illuf- 
tration of part of the Fundamental from feclion 210 to 
324, relating to nomenclature and fpecific charafters. It 
is a book not fo much known as itdeferves, being very rare. 
Thefe fevere labours however proved too much for the 
health of Linnaeus; and he conceived that the autumnal 
air of Holland, as is very probable, did not agree with 
him. Though he had every luxury and indulgence at 
his command, and was careffed by his patron, and by all 
who came near him, with the moll flattering attentions, 
he longed to return to his native country. Having left 
Mr. Clifford, he could not refufe his affiftance for a while 
to profeffor Adrian Van Royen at Leyden, in the arrange¬ 
ment and description of the garden there ; and at this time 
he compofed and printed the Cla/fes Plantarum, which is a 
complete view of all the botanical lylterns ever known. Here 
alfo he publilhed his friend Artedi’s Ichthyologia. Lin¬ 
nseus remained at Leyden till the fpring of 1738, when he 
had an interefting interview with the great Boerhaave, 
then on his death-bed: “I have lived out my time,” faid 
the venerable invalid ; “ I have done what I could 5 may 
God preferve thee, from whom the world experts much 
more. Farewel!” Whether the climate of Holland co¬ 
operated with dejection of fpirits in our young Swede, in 
confequence of hews he received refperting a rival in the 
affertions of his miffrefs, and in the efteem of his intended 
father-in-law, or whether his literary labours were too un¬ 
remitting, bis departure , was prevented by a very formi¬ 
dable intermittent fever. The fkill of Van Swieten, and 
the renewed attentions of the amiable Clifford, who re¬ 
ceived him again under his roof with the moll liberal and 
indulgent kindnefs, after fome weeks reffored him fo far, 
that he was able, though Hill weak, to fet out on his jour¬ 
ney. On reaching the more elevated country of Brabant, 
he felt in one day quite renovated, his whole frame being, 
as he expreffes it, “ freed from fome great burden.” He 
carried a very handfome introdurtory letter from Van 
Royen to Anthony de Juffieu the phyfician, who mad« 
him acquainted with his brother, the famous Bernard de 
Juffieu. He infperted the botanic garden, the herbariums 
of Tournefort, Vaillant, the Juffieus, See. vifited the neigh¬ 
bourhood of Fontainebleau, which he has celebrated for 
its Orchideae, formed an acquaintance with Reaumur and 
other diftinguiffied naturalilts, and was admitted a corre- 
fponding member of the Academie des Sciences. 
After leaving Paris, Linnaeus took his paffage at Rouen 
for Sweden, and landed at Helfingborg, from whence he 
proceeded to Fahlun, vifiting his father for a few days in 
his way. His reception from the lady of his choice was 
favourable : and they were formally betrothed to each 
other. Before they could marry, it was neceffary that 
fome profpert of an advantageous eftablilhment fhould be 
difeovered. Stockholm was thought a promifing theatre 
for a young man of talents in the medical profeflion. In 
the mean time, the fcientific merits of Linnaeus were not 
overlooked, as lie was unanimoufly chofen a member of 
the Upfal academy, the only one then in Sweden ; and, af¬ 
ter paffing the winter of 1738 in the capital, he began to 
make his way in fome departments of medical prartice, 
fo that by the following March he had confiderable em¬ 
ployment. A molt flattering mark of public approba¬ 
tion was, foon after, conferred on Linnaeus, without any 
folicitation. Count Teflin, marffial of the diet, which 
was then fitting, gave him an annual penlion of-200 du¬ 
cats from the board of mines, on condition of his giving 
public 
