L I N N M U S. 755 
public lectures on botany and mineralogy at Stockholm. 
The fame nobleman alio obtained for him the appoint¬ 
ment of phyfician to the navy, and received him into his 
houfe. His practice now increafed greatly among the no¬ 
bility 5 and he found himfelf in fo profperous a condi¬ 
tion, that he would no longer delay his marriage, which 
took place at Fahlun, June z6, 1739. After a month he 
returned to Stockholm ; and, by the intereft of count Tef- 
lin, laid the foundation of the Royal Academy of Sciences, 
of which he was, by lot, the firlt prefident ; and, as that 
office was to be but of three months’ duration, he religned 
it in September, and on that occafion delivered an oration 
in Swedilh, on the wonderful economy of infedls, which 
was printed in the Tranfactions; and his example was 
followed by all the fucceeding prefidents. 
The death of Rudbeck, profeffior of botany at Upfal, in 
1740, opened to Linnaeus a profpett of that literary ltation, 
which had always been the object of his wiffies, in which 
lie might devote himfelf entirely to the improvement of 
natural hiltory, uninterrupted by the cares of medical 
praftice. He had, however, a competitor, Rofen, his an¬ 
cient rival and antagonilf, whofe fuperior academical 
claims obtained the preference. But the refignation of 
Roberg, the medical profelfor, having made another va¬ 
cancy, that chair was given to Linnaeus, with the condi¬ 
tion that lie and Rofen ffiould divide the bufinefs of the 
two profelforfhips between them; and to the former were 
allotted the departments of the botanic garden, materia 
medica, femiology, diaetetics, and natural hiltory in gene¬ 
ral. Before his removal to Upfal, he was engaged by the 
Hates of the kingdom to travel through the fouthern 
provinces of Sweden, for the purpofe of collecting fuch 
information as might tend to the improvement of agri¬ 
culture and manufactures. In this tbur he was accom¬ 
panied by fix pupils, and he performed the talk to the la- 
tisfaCtion of the ftates ; its refult was printed. He en¬ 
tered upon his profelforlhip in the autumn of 1741 ; on 
which occafion he pronounced a Latin oration “ On the 
neceffity of travelling in one’s own country.” His own 
pall exertions in this refpeCt rendered it a very entertain¬ 
ing and interelting compofition. In the fame year he 
made the tour of the iflands of Oeland and Gothland, by 
order of the ftates; and in fubfequent years he travelled 
on the fame requifition through Weft Gothland and Sca¬ 
nia. Exclufive of thefe excurfions, his abode was hence¬ 
forth fixed at Upfal ; and the remaining biftory of his life 
is only that of his literary and fcientific labours, and of 
the honours and diftinCtions that were accumulated upon 
him. 
One of his firft cares was to improve and new-model 
the academical garden. He procured the ereCtion of fe- 
veral new buildings, arranged the plants according to his 
own fyftem, and founded a inufeum of natural hiltory in 
a part of the greenhoule. In 1745 he publilhed the firft 
edition of his Flora Suecica, an admirable fpecimen of a 
local catalogue, and the pattern of all thole which have 
fince been made upon the Linncean fyftem. In the next- 
year appeared his Fauna Suecica, or catalogue of the ani¬ 
mal kingdom in Sweden, arranged alfo according to his 
own method. In the numerous and difficult clafs of in¬ 
fects, he adopted an entirely-new mode of arrangement, 
which has been followed by molt later entomologifts. 
His merits, indeed, with refpeft to this clafs of natural 
productions, Hand next to thofe with refpeft to the vege¬ 
table creation. The fame accurate infpeCtion was requi- 
fite in both ; and, from the immenfe number of fubjefts 
in each, it was equally necelfary in both to fearch out for 
minute diverfities whereon to found an artificial claffifl- 
cation. 
The credit he was now acquiring in his own country 
appeared in his election to the polt of fecretary to the 
Academy of Sciences at Upfal ; in a medal of him Itruck 
at the expenfe of fome noblemen, in 174.6 ; in his nomi¬ 
nation by the king to the rank and title of arckiater, in 
2747 j and in his being the only Swede chofen into the 
new-modelled academy of Berlin. All thefe honours, 
however, though he was by no means indifferent to fuch, 
appear to have given him lefs delight at this moment, than 
the acquifition of the herbarium made by Hermannus in 
Ceylon, which an apothecary at Copenhagen unknow¬ 
ingly poffelfed. Being defirous of becoming better ac¬ 
quainted with the nature of this collection, its owner was 
recommended to Linnaeus, who foon difeovered to whom 
it had originally belonged, and rejoiced at recovering a 
treafure which had been fuppofed irrecoverably loft. He 
laboured day and night, as he tells us, in examining the 
dowers ; and hence originated his Flora Zeylanica, publifhed 
at Stockholm in 1747. This herbarium, as well as that of 
Clifford, is now in the poffeffion of fir Jofeph Banks. 
The exertions, and domeftic as well as foreign reputa¬ 
tion, of Linnaeus, had now rendered botany extremely po¬ 
pular in Sweden; and its interefts were combined with 
thofe of commerce in various diftant expeditions and fpe- 
culations. Many of the principal merchants, as well as 
the nobility, had acquired a tafte for natural hiftory, and 
were proud to further the views of their diftinguifhed 
profeffor, who was now confidered an honour to the na¬ 
tion ; and he accordingly began to exert his influence in 
procuring the million of his young difciples to different 
parts of the globe, in order to make difeoveries in natural 
hiftory and economy ; a circumftance by which he is dif¬ 
tinguifhed above all other naturalifts, and which has re¬ 
dounded equally to his own glory and to the public ad¬ 
vantage. The travels of Kalm, of Ofbeck, of Haffelquift, 
of Lolling, were the fruits of his zeal in this point. To 
Linnaeus alfo may be aferibed that curious and valuable 
collection of treatifes which, under the name of Amani- 
tates Academica, began to be publilhed in 1749, ar, d were 
continued to feven volumes. They are academical the- 
fes, held under Linnteus in his profefforial capacity, and 
may be regarded as containing his own doCtrines and opi¬ 
nions on moil of the points difeuffed. 
In the year 1751, or thereabouts, the queen of Swedep, 
Louifa Ulrica, filter to the great Frederic of Pruffia, hav¬ 
ing a tafte for natural hiftory, which her royal confori 
king Adolphus Frederic alfo patronifed, fliowed much fa¬ 
vour to Linnaeus, He was employed in arranging her 
collection of infeCts and (hells, in the country-palace of 
Drotningholm, or Ulrickfdahl; and was frequently ho¬ 
noured with the company and converfation of their ma- 
jefties, during his attendance there. The queen interefted 
herfelf in the education of his fon, and promifed to fetid 
him to travel through Europe at her own expenfe. She 
alfo liftened very gracioufly to any recommendation or 
petition of Linnaeus, in the lervice of fcience ; redeeming 
the papers and collection of Haffelquift, and caufing Koeh¬ 
ler to be lent to the Cape of Good Hope; whofe million 
however was rendered abortive by the jealouly of the 
Dutch, though he forwarded many curious infefls and 
plants to his mafter from Italy. Linnaeus devoted fome 
of his .leifure time in winter to the arrangement of his 
friend count Teffin’s collection of foffils, at Stockholm 5 
of which an account in Latin and Swedilh, making a (mail 
folio, with plates, came out in 1753. The refult of his 
labours at Drotningholm was not given to the public till 
many years after, in 1764, when his Mufeum Regina ap¬ 
peared in 8vo. being a fort of Prodromus of an intended 
more fplendid work, that U'as never executed. His rnoft 
magnificent publication appeared in 1754, being a large 
folio, entitled Mufeum Regis Adolphi Frtderiei, comprehend¬ 
ing deferiptions of the rarer quadrupeds, birds, ferpents, 
fifties, See. of the king’s mufeum, in Latin and Swedilh,, 
with plates, and an excellent preface. This preface, one 
of the molt entertaining and eloquent recommendations 
of the ftudy of nature that ever came from the pen of an 
enthufiaftic naturalift, was tranflated into Englifh by Dr„ 
Smith, and firft printed in 1786; appearing again, in a 
volume of Trails relating to Natural Hiftory, in 1758s 
The queen of Sweden took fo much pleafure in the con¬ 
verfation of her diftinguifhed naturalilt, that Ihe allowed 
hi© 
