LINN 
another was offered, by the command of the king, for the 
belt infcription, either in Latin or Swedifh, to be engraved 
on his monument, ere&ed at the entrance of the new bo¬ 
tanical garden. The- king, in his fpeech to the dates, 
publicly lamented his death ; and ordered a medal to 
be ftruck to his memory. In 1787, when the founda¬ 
tion of the new building in the botanical garden was 
laid, among the Swedifh coins which were depofited on 
the firft done, a medal was likewife placed in honour of 
Linnceus. And in 1798 a monument was ereCted to his 
memory in the cathedral of the city of Upfal. It con- 
fids entirely of porphyry of Elfwedal. It is in the form 
of an altar, the deps of which are a brown (tone of 
Oeland; and it fupports a medallion, in which is a bud 
of Linnaeus. The infcription is : Carolo a Linni, Bo - 
tanicovum principi , airuci, et difcipuli. M.occ.xcvm. In 
other places likewife, where his merits were rfcverenced, 
honours in token of regard and affeCtion for his memory 
were exhibited. Dr. Hope, the profedor of botany at 
Edinburgh, pronounced an oration in praife of Linnaeus, 
at the opening of his leCtures in 1778; and erected a mo- 
nument to him in the botanic garden of that univerfity. 
Condorcet and Vicq d’Azyr read panegyrics in his praife 
at Paris; and the fame was done by Beil is at Helmftadt. 
The duke de Noailles caufed a monument to be ereCted 
to his memory in his garden. 
The iflue of Linnaeus were two Tons and four daugh¬ 
ters: Charles, who l'ucceeded his father; (fee the next 
article:) John, who died in his infancy: Elizabeth-Chrif- 
tiana, who married Bergencrantz, a captain of cavalry; 
fhc has been fome years dead, and left one daughter: 
Louifa, and Sarah-Chridiana, both at prefent refident 
with their mother at Hammarby : and Sophia, w-ho is 
married to Dufe, procurator of the fenate of the univer¬ 
sity of Upfal. 
As to the private and perfonal character of this great 
naturalid; he was in dature rather below the common dze, 
but of a tolerably mufcular frame; in walking he ftooped 
a little, which might be occafioned by his habit of fearch- 
ing after and collecting plants ; his head was very large, 
and prominent behind; his look was ardent, piercing, 
and apt to daunt the beholder; his ear not fenfible to 
mulic; his temper quick, but eafily appeafed. In fociety 
he was eafy and pleafant; in his domedic relations, kind 
and affectionate; in the ordinary commerce of life, up¬ 
right and honourable. His views of nature impreded him 
with the mod devout fentiments towards its Author; and 
a glow of unad'eCted piety is continually breaking forth 
in his writings. Nature had, in an eminent manner, been 
liberal in the endowments of his mind. He feems to have 
been poflefl'ed of a lively imagination, corrected however 
by a ftrong judgment, and guided by the laws of fydem. 
Add to thefe, (die mod retentive memory, an unremitting 
indudry, and the greated perfeverance in all his purfuits; 
as is evident from that continued vigour with which he 
profecuted the delign, that he appears to have formed fo 
early in life, of totally reforming and fabricating anew 
the whole fcience of natural liidory; and this fabric he 
raifed, and gave to it a degree of perfection unknown 
before; and had moreover the uncommon felicity of liv¬ 
ing to fee his own druCture rife above all others, notwith- 
danding every difcouragement its author at firft laboured 
under, and the oppofition it afterwards met with. Nei¬ 
ther has any writer more cautioufly avoided that common 
error of building his own fame on the ruin of another 
man’s. He every-where acknowledged the i'everal merits 
of each author’s fydem ; and no man appears to have been 
more fenfible of the partial defects of his own. Thofe 
anomalies, which had principally been the objects of cri- 
iicifm, he well knew every artificial arrangement mud 
abound with ; and, having laid it down as a firm maxim, 
that every fydem mud finally red on its intrindc merit, 
he willingly commits his own to the judgment of pofte- 
rity. Perhaps there is no circumdance of Linnaeus’s life 
which fhows him in a more dignified light than his con- 
¥ ol . XII. No. 869. 
1US. 757 
duft towards his opponents. Difavowing controvert, 
and judly confidering it as an unimportant and fruitlefs 
facrifice of time, he never replied to any, numerous as 
they were at one feafon. 
To all who fee the aid this extraordinary man has 
brought to natural fcience, his talents mud appear in a 
very illudrious point of view; but more efpecially to 
thofe who, from fimilarity of tades, are qualified to fee 
more didinClly the vad extent of his original defign, the 
greatnefs of his labour, and the elaborate execution he 
has given to the whole. He had a happy command of 
the Latin tongue, which is alone the language of fcience; 
and no man ever applied it more fuccefsfuliy to his pur- 
pofes, or gave to defeription fuch copioufnefs, united 
with that precifion and concifenefs which fo eminently 
characterize his writings. 
The ardour of Linnaeus’s inclinations to the dudy of 
nature, from his earlied years, and that uncommon ap¬ 
plication which he bedowed upon it, gave him a rnoll 
comprehenfive view both of its pleafures and ufefulnefs, 
at the fame time that it opened to him a wide field hi¬ 
therto but little cultivated, efpecially in his own country. 
Hence he was early led to regret, that the dudy of natu¬ 
ral hidory, as a public inditution, had not made its way 
into the univerdties; in many of which, logical disputa¬ 
tions and metaphyfical theories had too long prevailed, to 
the exclufion of more ufeful fcience. Availing himleif 
therefore of the advantages which he derived from a large 
fhare of eloquence, and an animated dyle, he never failed 
to difplay,in a lively and convincing manner, the relation 
this dudy hath to the public good; to incite the great to 
countenance and proteCt it; to encourage and allure youth 
into its purfuits, by opening its manifold fources of plea- 
fure to their view, and diowing them how greatly this 
agreeable employment would add, in a variety of indances, 
both to their comfort and emolument. His extenfive 
view of natural hidory, as connected with almod all the 
arts of life, did not allow him to confine thefe motives 
and incitements to thofe only who were defigned for the 
practice of phyfic. He alfo laboured to infpire the great 
ar.d opulent with a tade for this dudy; and wilhed parti¬ 
cularly that fuch as were devoted to an eccleiiadical life 
fhould (hare a portion of natural fcience; not only as a 
means of fweetening their rural fituation, confined, as many 
are, perpetually to a country refidence, but as what would 
almod inevitably lead, in a variety of indances, to difeo- 
veries which only fuch dtuations could give rife to, and 
which the learned in great cities could have no opportu¬ 
nities to make. Not to add, that the mutual communi¬ 
cation and enlargement of this kind of knowledge among 
people of equal rank in a country fituation, mud prove 
oneof the dronged bondsof union and friendfliip, and con¬ 
tribute, in a much higher degree than the ufual perifhing 
amufements of the age, to the pleafures and advantage of 
fociety. 
Linnaeus lived to enjoy the fruit of his own labour ire 
an uncommon degree. Natural hidory raifed itfelf in 
Sweden, under his culture, to a date of perfection un¬ 
known elfewhere; and was from thence dideminated 
through all Europe. His pupils difperfed thenrfelves all 
over the globe; and, with their mader’s fame, extended 
both fcience and their own. More than this, lie lived to 
fee the fovereigns of Europe edablidi feveral public infti- 
tutions in favour of this dudy; and even profedorffiips 
indituted in divers univerdties for the fame purpofe, 
which do honour to their founders and patrons, and 
which have excited a curiofity for the fcience, and afenfo 
of its worth, that cannot fail to further its progrefs, and 
in time raife it to that rank which it is entitled to hold 
among the purfuits of mankind. His fydem, now received 
in every country illuminated by the rays of fcience, may 
be considered as the bible of nature, the great nomencla¬ 
ture of natural fcience; where every genuine character ig 
a family portraiture, and every fpecific defeription a mi¬ 
niature ; and where, by a few fimple appropriate terms. 
