L I P 
7ery of the allied army, and on this occafion renewed the 
before-mentioned treaty with his Britannic majefty, en¬ 
gaging to furnifli a greater number of troops. He had a 
confiderable (hare in the battle fought on the ift of Au- 
guft that year, in the neighbourhood of Todenhaufen ; 
and the fuccefs of the day was in a great meafure owing 
to the excellent difpofition which he made of the bat¬ 
teries, and the manner in which the artillery was ferved 
under his infpeftion. The fame year the fiege of Mar- 
purg was fuccefsfully undertaken under the count’s di¬ 
rection : he next accompanied the troops deftined for the 
fiege of Munfter, which were much weaker than the gar- 
rifon of the town ; 'yet this attempt was crowned with fuch 
complete fuccefs under the command of the count, that 
the town capitulated on the 20th of September. On his 
return home in 1760, he formed an artificial ifland in the 
Steinheeder lake, which is a mile long and half a mile 
broad, and, being furrounded by moralfes, is without the 
reach of cannon. Here he afterwards conftrufted a for- 
trefs, an expenfive work, on which he was employed five 
years, and which was confidered by the ableft engineers 
as impregnable 5 each baftion is connected with another 
by means of heavy iron chains to prevent the accefs of 
boats; and it contains, betides the ufual apartments, a 
chapel and a library furnifhed with the beft books on en¬ 
gineering, a collection of models, another of natural cu- 
riofities, and lodgings for the officers, with a fchool for en¬ 
gineers, and an obfervatory. To this fortrefs the count 
gave the name of Wilhelmftein, and hither he often re¬ 
tired to infpeCt the education of the cadets, and to tleep 
in an apartment direCtly over the powder-magazine. In 
the year 1761, when war broke out between Spain and 
Portugal, count Lippe was appointed by his Britannic 
majefty commander-in-chief of the Britifh troops fent to 
the affiftance of the latter. He was afterwards entrufted 
with the command of both armies ; and, in the fpring of 
1762, proceeded by the way of England to Portugal. 
Soon after his arrival, the king ordered the fum of forty 
thouland crufadoes to be paid to him for his eftabliffi- 
ment; but the count, with his ufual magnanimity, dif- 
tributed one half of the money among the foldiers, by 
which means he gained the elteem of the whole army, and 
lent back the other half to the king, after deduCiing as 
much as was fufficient to pay for his uniform of field- 
marffial. The king even offered him a penfion of 3000I. 
fterling, but this likewife the count declined ; and, 
though his majefty repeated this offer after the count’s 
return to Germany, and had actually depofited a part of 
the fum in the hands of a Dutch banker, he adhered to his 
fir(t refolution. By his exertions principally, Portugal 
was protected from the danger threatened to it by her 
powerful and ambitious neighbour. The king of Portu¬ 
gal, Jofeph I. who knew how to appreciate count Lippe’s 
talents, employed him in a civil as well as military capa¬ 
city; and, in confequence of his advice, introduced many 
improvements into the political adminiftration of the king¬ 
dom, and particularly into the financial department. But 
his principal objeCl was to eftablifh the army on a refpeft- 
able footing, and to infpire the foldiery with a more deli¬ 
cate fenfe of honour. The war which he carried on with 
Spain was merely a defenfive one ; but he effected more 
by it than he could by one of a contrary delcription, as 
he was enabled to throw fo many obltacles in the way of 
the enemy, that their plans were rendered entirely fruit- 
lefs. In 1763, before he left Portugal, he eftablilhed a 
fchool of artillery ; and conftruCted on the Spaniffi fron¬ 
tier a very ftrong fortrefs, which, in commemoration of 
his name, was called Fort Lippe. At the general peace 
the count returned to Germany, carrying with him abun¬ 
dance of prefents from the kings of Portugal and Eng¬ 
land, in teftimony of their efteem and approbation. He 
now employed much of his time in the ftudy of the mili¬ 
tary art, and in bringing his theories to the teft of prac¬ 
tice. As the refult of his experience and obfervations, 
he wrote a treatife on the art of defenfive war, in fix finall 
yoL.XII. No. 870. 
LIP ?73 
volumes, which is faid to poffefs much merit, but of which 
he had only ten copies printed. In 1767 he revifited Por¬ 
tugal by the king’s invitation, and completed the reform 
which he had begun in the Portuguefe army. In the fol¬ 
lowing fpring he returned to Germany, and foon after 
was honoured with a vilit from Frederic II. of Pruffia. 
The remainder of his life he employed in promoting the 
profperity of his ftates, and the happinefs of his fubjeCfs. 
He died in 1777, in the fifty-fourth year of his age. Sub¬ 
lime thoughts and heroic fentiments had been as fami¬ 
liar and natural to his mind as they were to the noblefl 
characters of Greece and Rome. The animation of his 
features announced the elevation, fagacity, penetration, 
kindnefs, virtue, and ferenity, of his foul. In his retire¬ 
ment he amufed himfelf with the arts and fciences; but 
his favourite ftudies were philofophy and ancient hiftory. 
He poffeffed an extenfive knowledge in every department 
of literature ; and by his travels in foreign countries he 
had become familiarly acquainted with the French, Eng- 
liffi, Italian, and Portuguefe, languages ; he was an excel¬ 
lent draftfman, a great connoiffeur in paintings; and ex¬ 
celled fo much in mufic, that he was able to direCt the 
concerts which were given in the evening at his refidence. 
LIP'PED, adj. Having lips. 
LIPPE'HNE, a town of the New Mark of Branden¬ 
burg : four miles north-north-eaft of Soldin, and twenty- 
fix north of Cuftrin. Lat. 53. 4. N. Ion. 15. 3. E. 
LIP'PERODE, a town of Weftphalia, in the county of 
Lippe, on the Lippe: two miles eaft-north-eaft of Lip- 
ftad t. 
LIP'PEY. See Leypa, p. 566. 
LIPTI (Fra. Filippo), an excellent hiftorical painter, 
born about the beginning of the fifteenth century. At the 
age of fixteen, being entered a noviciate in the consent of 
Carmelites at Florence, where he was born, he had there 
an opportunity of feeing that extraordinary artift Maf- 
faccio at work upon the aftonifhing frefcoes with which 
he adorned the chapel of Brancacci, in the church there; 
and became eager to embrace the art he faw capable of fo 
much effe£t in affording gratification, inftruftion, and in- 
tereft to the mind. Such was his fuccefs, and fo did he 
enter into the principles and manner of his great mafter, 
that, after the death of the latter, it was faid, by commoa 
confent, that the foul of Maffaccio ftill abode with Fra„ 
Filippo. He forfook the habit of his convent, and devoted 
himfelf entirely to painting ; but his ftudies were for a 
time difturbed by his being unfortunately taken, while 
out on a party of pleafure, by fome Moors, and carried 
prifoner to Barbary; where he remained in flavery eigh¬ 
teen months. He obtained his liberty by his talents. He 
drew the portrait of his mafter upon a wall with fo much 
fpirit and accuracy in refemblance, that he, being ftruck 
with the ingenuity of his flave, and generoufly feeling 
compunction in confining a man of fuch ufeful talents, 
gave him his freedom as a reward. On his return home, 
he painted fome works for Alphonfo king of Calabria. 
He employed himfelf alfo in Padua ; but it was in his na¬ 
tive city of Florence, that his principal works were per¬ 
formed. He was employed by Cofino di Medici; who 
prefented his piftures to his friends, and one to pope Eu- 
genius IV. He was alfo employed to adorn the palaces of 
the republic, the churches, and many of the houfes of the 
principal citizens; among whom his talents were held ia 
high ettimation. The holy mode of life into which he 
was conducted in early years, and the fine endowments of 
mind which he enjoyed by nature, did not teach him the 
folly of vice ; and he met in this world with a fevere pu- 
niffiment, juftly due to a guilty amour he indulged in at 
Spoleto ; where he was employed at the cathedral to paint 
the chapel of the Bleffed Virgin. There, in his fixty- 
feventh year, he was poifoned by the relations of the lady 
whofe favours he was fuppofed to enjoy. Lorenzo di Me¬ 
dici erefited a marble tomb in the cathedral to his memory, 
which Angelo Politiano adorned with a Latin epitaph. 
LIPPI (Filippo), fon of the former, was renowned for 
9 L excellent 
