776 L I Q 
LIQUA'MEN,yi [Latin.] The fubltance produced by 
liquation. 
To LI'QUATE, v. n. To melt ; to liquefy.—If the falts 
be not drawn forth before the clay is baked, they are apt 
to liquate. Woodward on Foffils. 
LIQUA'TION,/. [Latin.] The aft of melting.—Ca¬ 
pacity to be melted.—The common opinion hath been, 
that chryltal is nothing but ice and fnow concreted, and, 
by duration of time, congealed beyond liquation. Brown's 
Vulgar Errors. 
LIQUEFAC'TION,/ The act of melting; the Hate 
of being melted.—Heat diflolveth and melteth bodies that 
keep in their fpirits, as in divers liquefaElions ; and fo doth 
time in honey, which by age waxeth more liquid. Bacon's 
Natural Hijlory. —The burning of the earth will be a true 
liquefaElion or diffolution of it, as to the exterior region. 
Burnet. 
LIQ'UEFIABLE, adj. Such as may be melted.-—There 
are three caufes of fixation, the even fpreading of the fpi¬ 
rits and tangible parts, the clofenefs of the tangible parts, 
and the jejunenefs or extreme comminution of fpirits ; 
the two firft may be joined with a nature liquefiable, the 
laft not. Bacon's Natural Hifiory. 
To LIQ'UEFY, v. a. To melt; to diffolve.—That de¬ 
gree of heat which is in lime and allies, being a fmother- 
ing heat, is the moll proper, for it doth neither liquefy nor 
rarefy ; and that is true maturation. Bacon's Nat. Hifi. 
To LIQ'UEFY,- v. n. To grow liquid.—The blood of 
St. Januarius liquefied at the approach of the faint’s head. 
Addifon on Italy. 
LIQ'UEFYING,_/i The ailing of melting down; the 
ail of diflolving. 
LIQUEN'TIA, now Livenza, a river of Cifalpine 
Gaul, falling into the Adriatic Sea. 
LIQUEOI'S. See Lieou-Kieou, p. 629. 
LIQUES'CENCY, f. Aptnefs to melt. 
LIQUES'CENT, adj. Melting. 
LIQUEU'R,yi [French.] A flavoured dram: 
Know what conferves they choofe to eat. 
And what liqueurs to tipple. Shcnfione. 
LIQ'UID, adj. \_liquide, Fr. liquidus, Lat.] Not folid ; 
not forming one continuous fubltance; fluid.—Gently 
rolls the liquid glafs. Dr. Daniel. —Soft; clear : 
Her breaft, the fug’red nelt 
Of her delicious foul, that there does lie. 
Bathing in dreams of liquid melody. Crajhaw. 
Pronounced without any jar or harlhnefs.—The many li¬ 
quid confonants give a pleafing found to the words, though 
they are all of one fyllable. Dryden's JEneid, 
,Let Carolina fmooth the tuneful lay, 
Lull with Amelia’s liquid name-the nine, 
And fweetly flow through all the royal line. Pope's Horace. 
Dilfolved, fo as not to be obtainable by law.—If a credi¬ 
tor fhould appeal to hinder the burial of his debtor’s 
corpfe, his appeal ought not to be received, fince the bu- 
flnefs of burial requires a quick difpatch, though the debt 
be entirely liquid. Aylifife's Parergon. 
LIQ'UID, f. Liquid fubltance; liquor: 
Be it thy choice, when fummer heats annoy. 
To fit beneath her leafy canopy. 
Quaffing rich liquids. Philips. 
In the fecond volume of Count Rumford’s Eflays, he 
has detailed fome very curious experiments on the con¬ 
ducting power of liquids with regard to heat. Our limits 
will notallow us to make long extracts from the intereft- 
ing experiments of this ingenious philofopher, who has 
done more in what regards the fcienee of heat than all 
who have ever written upon it befides. We only hope to 
be able to convey fome intelligible ideas on the lubjeCt to 
fuch of our readers as have not feen the count’s Efiays, 
or who, from their numerous avocations, cannot fpare 
time to read a more voluminous account. 
L I Q 
In the courfe of a fet of experiments, in which the 
count had occafion to ufe thermometers of an uncommon 
fize, (their bulbs being above four inches in diameter,) 
having expofed one, filled with fpirit of wine, in a win¬ 
dow, to cool after being heated, he obferved the whole 
mafs of liquid in a molt rapid motion, running fwiftly in 
two oppofite directions up and down at the fame time. 
This motion was rendered vifibleby fome particles of duff: 
which had got by accident among the fpirit of wine, the 
fun happening to Ihine upon the window, as dult in the 
air of a darkened room is vifible by the fun-beams coming 
through a hole in the window-fliutter. The afcending 
current occupied the axis of the tube, the defcending the 
fides. On inclining the tube a little, the former moved 
out of the axis and occupied that fide which was upper- 
moft, the latter the whole of the lower fide. Quick cool¬ 
ing, by applying ice-cold water to the tube, increafed the 
velocities of the currents, which, however, ceafed en¬ 
tirely when the thermometer had acquired the tempera¬ 
ture of the room. Being perfuaded that this motion in 
fluids (for the fame experiment was tried with the fame 
refult with a Similar thermometer filled with linfeed-oil) 
was occafioned by their particles going individually and in 
fuccefiion to give off their heat to the cold fides of the tube, 
the count was led to conclude, that liquids are in faCl 
non-conduElors of heat\ and that, if heat be propagated in 
them only in confequence of the internal motion of the 
particles, whatever could obftruCt thofe motions would 
retard that efteCt. To determine this point, a certain 
quantity of heat was made to pafs through a given quan¬ 
tity of pure water; and, noting the time employed, the 
experiment was repeated with water mixed with fome fine 
fubltance, as eider-down, which, without altering its 
chemical properties, or impairing its fluidity, could only 
ferve to obftruCt and embarrafs the motions of the parti¬ 
cles of the water in transporting the heat, Ihould heat be 
tran/ported and carried in this manner, and not pafs freely 
through it. The body which received the heat, and 
which Served at the fame time to meafure the quantity of 
it communicated, was a very large thermometer, with a 
cylindrical bulb made of thin copper, fpherical at the ends, 
1‘84. inches in diameter, 4/99 long, of 13-2099 cubic 
inches capacity, and meafuring externally 28 834 Square 
inches; it weighed 1846 gr. and could contain 3344 gr. 
of water at the temperature of 55°. To this bulb was 
affixed a glafs tube 24 inches long and of an inch in 
diameter, by means of a cork fitted into a neck of copper 
1 inch long, belonging to the bulb. This thermometer, 
filled with linfeed-oil and graduated, was fixed in the axis 
of a hollow cylinder, made of thin Iheet-copper, 
inches long, and 2-3435 inches diameter within, with a 
fpherical bottom, weighing 2261 gr. The bulb of the 
thermometer was made to occupy the lower part of this 
cylinder by means of 4 pins of wood Jg of an inch in 
diameter and £ of an inch long, one of them faftened to 
the bottom, the other three round the infide of the cylin¬ 
der at equal diltances, in very Small Sockets made to./e- 
ceive them. The diftance between the external furface 
of the bulb of the thermometer and the internal of the 
containing cylinder was 0-25175 of an inch, and could 
contain, at the height of \ of an inch above the bulb, 
2468 grains of water. The bulb of the thermometer 
being Surrounded by water, or by any other liquid, or 
mixture, the conducting power of which was to be ascer¬ 
tained, a cylinder of cork Something lefs in diameter than 
the brafs cylinder, about half an inch long, having a hole 
in its centre in which the tube of the thermometer palled 
freely, was thruft down into the brafs cylinder nearly to 
the Surface of the fubltance it contained, and made to reft 
on three projecting brafs points fixed to the neck of the 
copper bulb. The upper part of the tube was then filled 
with eider-down, and doled with a cork Hopper, the tube 
of the thermometer, which pafles through a fit hole in 
the middle of this ftopper, projecting upwards. Thefcale 
from the point of freezing to that of boiling water wa% 
OR 
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