L I R 
fun ; but, if tlie winter fhould prove fevere, it will be 
proper to cover them with peafe-haulm, or other light co¬ 
vering, which fhould.be taken off conftantly in mild wea¬ 
ther. In the following fpring, if thefe boxes or pots are 
placed upon a moderate hot-bed, it will caufe the feeds 
to come up early, fo that the plants will have time to get 
ftrength before the winter ; but during the fir ft and fe- 
cond winters, it will be proper to fcreen the plants from fe¬ 
vere froft, but afterwards they will bear the cold very well. 
To LIQ'UIDATE, v. a. [from liquid..] To clear away ; 
to lefien debts.—If our epiftolary accounts were fairly liqui¬ 
dated, I believe you would be brought in confiderably 
debtor. Chefterjield. 
LIQUIDATING, f. The act ofleffening; of difcharg- 
ing debts; of melting away. 
LIQUIDA'TION, f. The aft of liquidating ; the ftate 
of being liquidated. 
LIQUIDITY, f. Subtilty; thinnefs.—The fpirits, for 
their liquidity, are more incapable than the fluid medium, 
which is the conveyer of founds, to perfevere in the con¬ 
tinued repetition of vocal airs. Glanville. 
LIQ'UIDNESS, f. Quality of being liquid ; fluency.— 
Oil of annifeeds, in a cool place, thickened into the con¬ 
fidence of white butter, which with the leaf! heat refumed 
its former liquidnefs. Boyle. 
To LIQ'UIFY, See. See Liouefy, See. 
LIQ'UOR, f. [ liquor , Lat. liqueur, Fr.] Any thing li¬ 
quid : it is commonly ufed of fluids inebriating, or im¬ 
pregnated with fomething, or made by decoftion.—Sin 
taken into the foul, is like a liquor poured into a veil'd ; fo 
much of it as it fills, it alfo feafons. South's Sermons. 
Nor envy’d them the grape 
Whofe heads that turbulent liquor fills with fumes. Milton. 
Strong drink: in familiar language. 
To LIQ'UOR, v. a. To drench or moiften.—Cart-wheels 
fqueak not when they are liquored. Bacon. 
LIQ'UORICE. See Glycyrrhiza, vol. viii. p. 632. 
— Liquorice- root is long and (lender, externally of a dulky 
reddifli-brown, but within of a fine yellow, full of juice, 
and of a tafte fweeter than fugar ; it grows wild in many 
parts of France, Italy, Spain, and Germany. The in- 
fpiflated juice of this root is brought to us from Spain and 
Holland ; from the firft of which places it obtained the 
name of Spanifh juice. Hill's Materia Medica. 
LIQ'UORICE (Jamaica). See Abrus, vol. i. p. 30. 
LIQ'UORICE (Wild). See Abrus, vol. i. p. 30. and 
Astragalus, voi. ii. p. 305. 
LIQ'UORICE-VETCH. See Astragalus glyciphyl- 
lus, vol. ii. p. 305. 
LIQ'UORICE-VETCH (Wild). See Glycine, vol. 
viii. p. 630. 
LIQ UORISH. See Lickerish, p. 622. 
LI'RA, a river of Italy, which runs into the Mera at 
Chiavenna. 
LI'RA, or Li're,/ A money of account in Italy ; and 
alfo a fllver coin, particularly at Milan and Venice. The 
lira is of different kinds and values in different parts of 
Italy, from 4^d. to i 3 fd. 
LIR'IA. See Lliria. 
LIRICON'FANCY, / Lily of the valley. See Coti- 
VALLARIA. 
LIRIODEN'DRON, f. Tiei^iop, Gr. lily-tree; a 
tree bearing liliaceous flowers.j The Tulip-tree ; in 
botany, a genus of the clafs polyandria, order polygynia, 
natural order of coadunatas, (magnoiias, JuJf.) The ge¬ 
neric characters are—Calyx : involucre proper two-leaved ; 
leaflets triangular, flat, deciduous. Perianthium three¬ 
leaved ; leaflets oblong,, concave, fpreading, petal-form, 
deciduous. Corolla: fix-petalled, beli-tbaped ; petals fpa- 
tulate, obtufe, channelled at the bale; the three exterior 
deciduous. Stamina : filaments numerous, (horter than 
the corolla, linear, inferted into the receptacle of the 
fruftification. Antherse linear, growing longitudinally 
to the (ides of the filament. Piltillum; germs numer- 
,L I R 779 
ous, difpofed into a cone; (tyle none. Stigma : to each 
globofe. Pericarpium : none; feeds imbricated into a 
body refembling a Itrobile. Seeds : numerous, ending in 
a lanceolate (bale, emitting an acute angle towards the 
bafe of the Rale from the inner fide, comprefled at the 
bafe, acute.— Effenlial Charader. Calyx three-leaved ; pe¬ 
tals fix ; feeds imbricated into a ffrobile. 
Species, x. Liriodendron tulipifera, or common tulip- 
tree,: leaves lobed. This is a native of North America, 
where it grows fo large as to be a tree of the firlt magni¬ 
tude, and is generally known through all the Englifli fet- 
tlements by the title o i poplar. Of late years there have 
been great numbers of thefe trees raifed from feeds in the 
Englifli gardens, fo that now they are become common in 
the nurferies about London ; and there are many of the 
trees in l'everal parts of England which do annually pro¬ 
duce flowers. The firft tree of this kind which flowered 
here, was in the gardens of the late earl of Peterborough, 
at Parfons Green near Fulham, which was planted in a 
wildernefs among other trees ; before this was planted in 
the open air, the few plants which were then in the Eng¬ 
lifli gardens were planted in pots, and boufed in winter, 
fuppofing they were too tender to live in the open air; 
but this tree, foon after it was placed in the full ground, 
convinced the gardeners of their miftake, by the great 
progrefs it made, while thofe which were kept in pots and 
tabs increafed (lowly in their growth ; fo that afterward 
there were many others planted in the full ground, which 
are now arrived to a large fize, efpecially thofe which 
were planted in a moift foil. One of the handfomeft trees 
of this kind near London, is in the garden of Mr. Jones 
at Waltham Abbey ; and at Wilton, the feat of the earl 
of Pembroke, there are fome trees of great bulk ; but the 
old tree at Parfons Green is quite deftroyed, by the other 
trees which were buffered to over-hang it, and rob it of 
its nourifhment, from a fear of taking down the neigh¬ 
bouring trees, left, by admitting the cold air to the tulip- 
tree, it would injure it. Mr. Darby at Hoxton, and Mr. 
Fairchild, feem to have been the firft who raifed this tree 
in any quantity from feeds, and from them the gardens 
abroad were chiefly fupplied. Bifliop Compton, however, 
cultivated it at Fulham in 168S. There is a fine tree in 
Mr. Ord’s garden at Walham Green, every year covered 
with bloffoms. 
The young (hoots of this tree are covered with a fmooth 
purplifli bark ; they are garnifhed with large leaves, whofe 
footftalks are four inches long; they are ranged alter¬ 
nately. The leaves are of a Angular form, being divided 
into three lobes ; the middle lobe is blunt, and hollowed 
at the point, appearing as if it had been cut with fciffars; 
the two fide lobes are rounded, and end in blunt points; 
the leaves are from four to five inches broad near their 
bafe, and about four inches long from the footftalkto the 
point, having a ftrong midrib, which is formed by the 
prolongation of the footftalk : from the midrib run many 
tranfverfe veins to the borders, which ramify into feveral 
fmailer : the upper furface of the leaves is fmooth, and of a 
lucid green ; the under is of a pale green. See Botany 
Plate V. fig. 100. The flowers are produced at the end of the 
branches : they are compofed of fix petals, three without, 
and three within, which form a fort of bell-ffiaped flower, 
whence the inhabitants of North America gave it the title 
of tulip. Thefe petals are marked with green, yellow, 
and red, fpots, making a fine appearance when the trees 
are well charged with flowers. The time of this tree’s 
flowering is in July ; and, when the flowers drop, the 
germ fwells, and forms a kind of cone ; but thefe do not 
ripen in England. Gsertner fays that he has diffefted 
more than five hundred feales, or famdra as he calls them, 
without finding a Angle fertile feed. The upper feales 
have only one feed in them, but the lower ones have con¬ 
ftantly two. 
Catefby, in his Natural Hiftory of Carolina, See. fays, 
there are fome of thefe trees in America, which are thirty 
feet in circumference 3 that the boughs are unequal and 
2 irregular* 
