780 LIRIO D 1 
irregular, making feveral bends or elbows, which render 
the trees diftinguifhable at a great diftance, even when 
they have no leaves upon them. They are found in moll 
parts of the northern continent of America, from the 
Cape of Florida to New England, where the timber is of 
great ufe, particularly for making of periaugues, the 
trunks of thefe being large enough to be hollowed into 
the fliape of thofe boats, fo they are of one piece. Mr. 
Marfhall defcribes the tulip-tree as feventy or eighty feet 
in height. He mentions two varieties, one with yellow 
and the other with white wood ; the firft foft and brittle, 
much ufed for boards and heels of lhoes, alfo turned into 
bowls, trenchers, Sec. the white, heavy, tough and hard, 
fawed into joilts, boards, Sec. for building. He remarks 
that the flower has fometimes feven petals or more. Kalm 
©bferves, that it is very agreeable at the end of May to 
fee one of thefe large trees, with its Angular leaves, and 
covered for a fortnight together with flowers, which have 
the fliape, fize, and partly the colour, of tulips. The 
wood is ufed for canoes, whence the Swedes in North 
America call it canoe-tree ; for boards, bowls, difhes, 
fpoons, and all forts of joiners’ work. Kalm fpeaks of 
having feen a barn of confiderable fize, the fides and roof 
of which were made of a Angle tulip-tree fplit into boards. 
But there is one inconvenience attending it ; for there is 
no wood that contracts and expands itfelf fo much as 
this. The bark is divifible into very thin laminae, which 
are tough like baft. It is pounded, and given to horfes 
who have the bots. The roots are fuppofed to be as effi¬ 
cacious in agues as Jefuit’s bark. 
i. Liriodendron liliifera, or lily-tree: leaves lanceolate. 
This is a middle-fized tree, with fpreading branches. 
Leaves ovate, acuminate, quite entire, fmooth, alternate. 
Flowers pale, large, without feent, heaped at the ends of 
the branches, one on a peduncle. Native of China, near 
Canton, and of Amboyna. 
Loureiro has two other fpecies which he names L.figo, 
and L.coco-, but, not knowing whether they belong to this 
genus or to that of Magnolia, we have not ventured to 
anfert them. 
Propagation and Culture. This tree is propagated by 
feeds, which are now annually imported in great plenty 
from America. Thefe may be either Town in pots or 
tubslilled with light earth from the kitchen-garden, or in 
a bed in the full ground. Thofe which are fown in the 
firft w'ay, may be placed on a gentle hot-bed, which will 
forward their growth, fo that the plants will acquire more 
ftrength before winter. If they are thus treated, the 
glafies of the hot-bed fhould be fhaded from the fun every 
day, and the earth in the pots fhould be frequently re- 
frefhed with water; for, unlels it is kept rooift, the feeds 
will not grow ; but this mult be done with care, fo as not 
to make it too wet, which will rot the feeds. When the 
plants appear, they mult be If ill fhaded in the heat of the 
day from the fun, but frefh air mult be admitted daily to 
prevent their drawing up weak; and, as the feafon ad¬ 
vances, they muft be gradually hardened to bear the open 
air. While the plants are young, they do not require 
much fun, fo they fhould be either fhaded or placed where 
the morning fun only fhines upon them; they muft 
alfo be conftantly fupplied with water, but not have it in 
too great plenty. As the young plants commonly con¬ 
tinue growing late in the fummer, fo, when there happen 
early frofts in autumn, it often kills their tender tops, 
which occafions their dying down a confiderable length 
in winter; therefore, they fhould be carefully guarded 
againft thefe firft frofts, which are always more hurtful to 
them than harder frofts afterward, when their flioots are 
better hardened ; however, the firft winter after the plants 
come up, it will be the better way to fhelter them in a 
common hot-bed frame, or to arch them over with hoops, 
and cover them with mats, expofing them always to the 
open air in mild weather. The following fpring, juft be¬ 
fore the plants begin to (hoot, they fhould be tranfplanted 
into nurfery-beus, in a Iheliered lituation, where they are 
N D R O N. 
not too much expofed to the fun. The foil of thefe bed3 
fhould be a foft gentle loam, not too ftiff, nor over light; 
this fhould be W'ell wrought, and the clods well broken, 
and made fine. There muft be great care taken not to 
break the roots of the plants in taking them up, for they 
are very tender; they fhould be planted again as foon as 
poflible; for, if their roots are long out of the ground, 
they will be much injured thereby. Thefe may be planted 
in rows at about a foot diftance, and at fix inches diftance 
in the rows ; for, as they fliould not remain long in thefe 
nurfery-beds, fo this will be room enough for them to 
grow ; and, by having them fo clofe, they may be fhaded 
in the fummer, or fheltered in the winter, with more eafe 
than when they are farther apart. If the plants make 
great progrefs the firft fummer, they may be tranfplanted 
again the following fpring; part of them may be planted 
in the places where they are to remain, and the other 
fliould be planted in a nurfery where they may grow tw.a 
or three years to acquire ftrength before they are planted 
out for good ; though the younger they are planted in 
the places where they are to ftand, the larger they will 
grow, for the roots run out into length, and when they 
are cut it greatly retards their growth; fo that thefe trees 
fliould never, be removed large, for they rarely fucceed 
when they are grown to a large fize before they are tranf¬ 
planted. 
There are fome people who propagate this tree by layers; 
but the layers are commonly two or three years before 
they take root, and the plants fo raifed feldom make fuch 
ftraight trees as thofe raifed from feeds; .though indeed 
they will produce flowers fooner, as is always the cafe with 
ftinted plants. 
This tree fhould be planted on a light loamy foil, not 
too dry, on which it will thrive much better than upon a 
ftrong clay, or a dry gravelly ground; for in America 
they are chiefly found upon a moilt light foil, where they 
grow to a prodigious fize ; though it will not be proper 
to 1 plant thefe trees in a foil which is too moift in Eng¬ 
land, becaufe it might endanger the rotting of the fibres 
of the roots, by the moifture continuing too long about 
them, efpecially if the bottom be clay, or a ftrong loam, 
which will detain the wet. To raife them in the open 
ground the beginning of March, prepare a bed of good 
mellow rich earth well mixed with old rotten cow-dung, 
expofed to the fun, and fheltered from cold winds : place 
an old frame over the bed ; and, having fown the feeds, 
fift over them, half an inch thick, a foil compofed fome 
months before of one load of old pafture-earth, one of well- 
rotted cow-dung, and half a load of fea or fine pit fand. 
Some of thefe feeds will probably make their appearance 
in nine or ten weeks, but much the greater part will lie 
in the ground till next fpring. Water the beds therefore 
no more than barely fufficient to cherifh the plants that 
have appeared ; for four or five weeks fereen them from 
the fun during the heat of the day, but afterwards let 
them receive its full influence. In bad weather, during 
winter, throw double mats over the frames. In March 
the fucceeding year, pick off all mofly hard-crufted earth 
from the bed, fmooth it, and fift on fome fine rich mould. 
At the end of April, or beginning of May, plants will 
appear in abundance, when they muft be frequently but 
gently watered. Till the beginning of Auguft they muft 
be fereened from the mid-day fun, by part of an old reed- 
fence, or by nailing fome thin boards together high enough 
to (hade the bed. After this, no farther care is neceffary, 
but frequent moderate waterings, and to throw a mat 
over the frame during any fevere winter-ftorm. At the 
beginning of April, next feafon, take up the plants care¬ 
fully with a trowel, without bruifing the roots; and, if 
they cannot be planted immediately, mix a pail-full of 
fifted mould and water, to the confiftence of pap; draw 
the plants through it, till as much adhere as covers their 
roots and fibres ; in this condition they may be kept feve- 
ral days out of the ground. Cut only a little of the tap¬ 
root fmoothly off, but let all the fibres remain ; and then 
plant 
