L I S 
plant them in drills cut out with the fpade, at a foot dif- 
tance row from row, and fix inches in the row. Plant 
five of thefe lines, and then leave an alley three feet wide. 
Water them frequently and plentifully during the futn- 
mer-months ; throw mats over them, in cafe of very fevere 
flroll, the firft winter, and let them remain two years. 
Then remove them to another nurfery, in rows three feet 
and a half diftant, and eighteen inches in the row; and 
let them continue three years. Being now fix or feven 
feet high, they will be of a good fize for planting where 
they are to remain. No tree bears pruning its roots or 
branches worfe than this. 
It is a tree of extraordinary beauty and ftatelinefs, and 
highly deferves a place in all noble and elegant plantations. 
LIRFUM,/. in botany. See Lilium. 
LI'RON, a river of France, which runs into the Orb at 
Beziers. 
LIRI'OPE, one of the Oceanides, mother of Narciffus 
by the Cephifus.—A fountain of Boeotia on the borders 
of Thefpis, where Narciffus was drowned according to 
fome accounts. 
LIRI'OPE, f. [dedicated by Loureiro to the mother of 
Narciffus ; a plant of the fame natural family having been 
deftined to commemorate her fon. The blue colour of 
the prefent flower is thought alfo, by this author, to ac¬ 
cord with the epithet Carula Liriope Ovid’s Met. iii. 34.2.] 
In botany, a genus of the clafs hexandria, order monogy- 
nia, natural order fpathacese. The generic charafters are— 
Calyx : (heath ovate, incurved, fingle-flowered, final], per¬ 
manent, of one leaf. Corolla: inferior, bell-fhaped, fpread- 
ing, divided into fix deep, oblong, reflexed, flefliy, equal 
fegments. Stamina : filaments fix, awl-fhaped, ereft, 
equal, Ihorter than the corolla, inferted into the recepta¬ 
cle; antherse oblong, ereft. Piftillum : gerrnen fuperior, 
roundilh; ftyle thick, furrowed, reflexed, as long as the 
ftamens ; fiigma Ample. Pericarpium : berry ovate, 
fmooth, flefliy, fingle-leeded. Seed: ovate.— EJfentiaiCha- 
„ radler. Corolla in fix deep fegments, inferior; flieath 
ovate; berry fingle-feeded. 
Liriope fpicata, the taoc-tien of the Cochin-cliinefe, and 
mac-lan of the Chinefe. Found commonly both in rude 
and cultivated ground of thofe countries. Roots peren¬ 
nial, oblong, folid, brown bhlbs, connefted by creeping 
radicles. Stem none. Leaves numerous, crowded toge¬ 
ther, fword-ffiaped, ftiff, fmooth, nearly ereft, afoot long. 
Flower-ltalk naked, round, (lender, (freight, about as long 
as the leaves. Flowers fpiked, rather fmall, of a pale blue 
colour, without fmell. The herb is faid to have a cool¬ 
ing quality, and a decofftion of its leaves is thought to 
llrengthen the hair. Loureiro's Cochin-china, vol. i. p. 200. 
Ll'RIS, now Garigliano, a river of Campania, which it 
feparates from Latium. It falls- into the Mediterranean 
lea. 
LI'RY, a town of France, in the department of the Ar¬ 
dennes : fix miles fouth of Vouziers. 
LIS, or Li,/. An itinerary mealureof China, equal to 
3897! Englilh feet; fo that 192^ lis meaflure a mean de¬ 
gree of the meridian nearly; but European miifionaries in 
China have divided the degree into 200 lis, each li making 
1826 Englilh feet. 
LIS, a lake of Ruflla, in the government of Tobollk, 
furrounded by an extenfive morals. Lat. 63. 5. N. Ion. 
99. 14.. E. _ 
LIS, a river of Ruflia, which rifes from a lake of the flame 
name, and runs into the Enifei in lat. 62. 20. N. Ion. 90. 
14. E. 
Fieur de Lis, or Flower de Luce. See the article Heral¬ 
dry, vol. ix. p. 412. This flower was not only borne in 
the ancient arms of France, but adopted by our kings till 
the late union with Ireland. The eleftoral cap, as em¬ 
blematic of Hanover, and the fliamrock for Ireland, have 
been fubftituted for it. 
LIS, or Lvs (John Vander), a painter of hiflory, land- 
flcapes, and conventions, was born at Oldenburgh in 
3570, but went to Haerlem to place himfelf as a difciple 
Vol. XII. No. 871. 
LIS 781 
under Henry Goltzius ; and, being endowed with great 
natural talents, he floon diftinguifhed himfelf in that fchool, 
and imitated the manner of his mailer with great fuccefs. 
He adhered to the fame ftyle till he went to Italy ; where, 
having vifited Venice and Rome, he ftudied the works of 
Titian, Tintoretto, Paolo Veronele, and Domenico Fetti, 
fo effectually, that he improved his tafte and judgment, 
and altered his manner entirely. He foon received marks 
of public approbation ; and his compofitions became uni- 
verfally admired for their good expreflion, for their lively 
and natural colouring, and the fw.eetnefs and delicacy of 
his pencil ; although it mull be acknowledged, that he 
could never totally diveft himfelf of the ideas and tafte 
peculiar to the Flemings. His fubjefts ufually were liif- 
tories taken from the facred writings, or the reprefenta- 
tions of rural fports, marriages, balls, and villagers danc¬ 
ing, drefied in Venetian habits; all which fubiedls he 
painted in a fmall as well as a’large fi.ze, with a number 
of figures, well defigned, and touched with a great deal 
of delicacy. A capital piflure of this mailer is. Adapt 
and Eve lamenting the death of Abel; which is extremely 
admired, not only for the expreflion, but alfo for the 
beauty of thd landfcape; and in the church of St. Nicho¬ 
las at Venice is another of his paintings, reprefenting St. 
Jerome in the defert, with a pen in his hand, and his head 
turned to look at an angel, who is fuppofed to be found¬ 
ing the laft trumpet. The paintings of this mailer are 
very rarely to be purcliafed. He died in 1629. 
LIS (John Vander), of Breda, an hiflorical painter, was 
born at Breda about the year 1601, and became a difciple 
of Cornelius Polemburg, whofe manner he imitated with 
extraordinary exaftnefs ; fo that there are fome paintings 
of this mailer’s hand, which, though they appear to have 
fomewhat lefs freedom and lightnefs of touch, are nearly 
equal to thofe of Polemburg, and are frequently taken to 
be his. At Rotterdam, in the poffeflion of Mr. Riffchop, 
there is a delicate painting reprefenting Diana in the bath, 
attended by her nymphs ; and the portrait of Vander Lis, 
painted by himfelf, was in the poffelfiou of Horace Wal¬ 
pole, and is delcribed by that ingenious gentleman as be¬ 
ing worked up equal to the fmoothnefs of enamel. 
LISABA'TA. See Lissabatta. 
LI'S AN HOTUN, a town of the kingdom of Coreas 
440 miles eall-north-eaft of Pekin. 
LISA'R A, a town of European Turkey, in the province 
of Albania : fifty-two miles louth-fouth-eaft of Albafano. 
LIS'BERG, a town of Upper Heffe : three miles fouth 
of Nidda, and one north-eall of Oi tenberg. 
LIS'BERG, a town of Bavaria, in the bilhopric of Bam¬ 
berg : three miles north-weft of Burg Eberach. 
LIS'BON, the metropolis of Portugal, lituated in the 
province of Eftramadura, and forming a kind of crefcent 
or amphitheatre, on the right bank of theTajo, or Tagus, 
on feveral hills. It is a very ancient city; and on ac¬ 
count of its harbour, which is fpacious and deep, the 
Phoenicians, who firlt traded hither, called it Olijippo, i. e. 
the Agreeable Bay; whence, as fome have laid, was formed 
the appellation of Lilbon. Others have fabuloufly afcribed 
the foundation of this city to Ulyffes, and hence derived 
its ancient name Ulyjfippo. The entrance of the port is 
difficult ,and dangerous, and requires the afliflance of a 
pilot. 
This city has been often conquered and reconquered 
by different people. In the year 1147, it was taken from 
the Moors by Don Alphonfo, afiifted by a fleet of French, 
Englilh, and Germans, who were failing to the Holy Land 
on a cruflade. In the year 1373, Henry king of Callile 
attacked Lilbon by fea and land ; and, as the inhabitants 
were without ammunition to defend it, he fucceeded. The 
day after the battle of Alcantara, in which the Portuguefe 
were defeated by the duke of Alva, the conqueror entered 
Lilbon, and feverely puniflved the friends of the duke of 
Braganza; but, on the ill of December, 1640, the Portu¬ 
guefe proclaimed the duke of Braganza, in this town, kinw 
of Portugal j and he took the name of John IV. Lilbon 
9 N was 
