840 L I V 
LIVES, f The plural of life: 
So Ihort is life, that every peafant drives, 
In a farm houi'e or field, to have three lives. Donne. 
LIV'IA, a woman’s name; the name of feveral Roman 
ladies. 
LIV'IA DRUSIL'LA, a Roman emprefs, was the daugh¬ 
ter of Livius Drufus Calidianus, who joined the party of 
Brutus and Cafiius, and killed liimfelf after the battle of 
Philippi. Livia married Tiberius Claudius Nero, by whom 
file had two fons, Drufus and Tiberius. Her charms made 
fucli an imprefiion upon Octavianus, afterwards the em¬ 
peror Auguftus, that he forcibly took her from her huf- 
band, thotigh (lie was then far advanced in pregnancy, 
and, repudiating his own wife Scribonia, married her. She 
was thenceforth the partner of his whole reign ; poflefled 
of his entire confidence; and by her prudent and artful 
condudl exerted an influence over him which was attended 
■with important confequences. Of a charafter naturally 
haughty and imperious, lhe was fupple and infinuating 
•when her interefi required it. It is faid, that, being alked 
by what means file had gained fuch an afcendancy over 
the mind of Auguftus, file replied, by a conftant obedi¬ 
ence to his will, by never exprefling a defire to dive into 
Iiis fecrets, and by affedling ignorance of his amours. She 
bad no children by the emperor, who adopted her two 
fons for his own. The eldeft, Drufus, died when a young 
man; and from that time it was the great objeft of her 
ambition to fecure the fucceflion of the empire to Tibe¬ 
rius; and her policy for that purpofelias incurred various 
charges of criminality. Thus fhe was. fufpedted, but 
•without any proof, to have had a (hare in the death of 
Marcellus, and of the two Ccefars, Auguftus’s grandfons. 
She had the credit of being the advifer of the pardon of 
Cinna, an act of clemency which fecured Auguftus from 
any future confpiracies; and (lie is faid frequently to have 
interpofed in favour of fenators in difgrace. She likewife 
” brought up the children of fome indigent fenators, and 
aftifted others in portioning their daughters. The fufpi- 
cion of her having given poifon to Auguftus, through ap- 
prehenfion of his reconciliation to his grandfon, is ren¬ 
dered entirely improbable by the account of his laft 
•jllnefs, and by the tendernefs he expreffed for her in the 
laft words he uttered. By his teftament file was infti- 
tuted his co-heirefs with Tiberius, adopted as a daughter, 
and directed to affume the name of Julia Augufta. On 
his deification file became the prieftefs of the new god. 
Her fon, whofe elevation to the throne had been the 
great objedt of her policy, difappointed her expectations 
of fiiaring with him the imperial power. He treated 
her with coldnefs and relerve, and fubjefted her to va¬ 
rious mortifications. An open rupture between her and 
Tiberius took place fome time before her death; which 
event happened A. D. 291, in the eiglity-fixth year of her 
age. Her funeral was lefs fplendid than her rank feemed 
£0 demand ; and either the good fenfe or the want of 
affection of her fon caufed him exprefsly to forbid the 
adulation of deifying her. He paid little regard to her 
teftament; and never began the ere&ion of a triumphal arch 
which the fenate had decreed to her memory. Tacitus 
fketches her portrait by faying, that “in ltriCtnefs of con^ 
duCf flie was not inferior to the Roman matrons of old, 
' though her demeanour was freer than they would have 
approved; that file was an imperious mother, a compliant 
wife, and a match for her hulband in art, and her fon in 
diffunulation.” Taciti Annal. Sueton. in Augujl. Crcvier. 
LIV'ID, adj. [lividus, Lat. livide, Fr.] Difcoloured, as 
with a blow ;‘ black and blue.—It was a peftilent fever, 
not leated in the veins or humours, for that there followed 
no carbuncles, no purple or livid fpots, the mafs of the 
blood not being tainted. Bacon. 
Upon my livid lips bellow a kifs: 
O envy not the dead, they feci not blifs ! Dryden. 
LIVID'ITY, f. Difcoloration, as by a blow.—The 
firns of a tendency to fuch a ftate, are darknefs or lividuy 
uz the countenance. Arbuthnot. 
L I V 
LIV'IDNESS, f. Lividity, the ftate of being livid. 
Scott. 
LIVIGNACy, a town of France, in the department of 
the Aveiron: nine miles eaft of Figeac, and four north of 
Albin. 
LIVINE'IUS (John), a learned Flemifii divine, born afc 
Denderinond about the year 154.0. The care of his edu¬ 
cation was undertaken at Ghent by his maternal uncle, 
Levinus Torrentius, afterwards the illuftricus bilhop of 
Antwerp, who inlpired him with a tafte for facred litera¬ 
ture, and engaged him to dired his views to the church. 
He purified his academical Itudies at Cologne, where he 
outftripped all his contemporaries by his proficiency in 
the various departments of learning; and, having entered 
into holy orders, he was prefented to a rich benefice at 
Liege. At a later period, when his uncle had poffefiion 
of the fee of Antwerp, he was promoted to a canonry and 
made precentor in the cathedral church of that city. He 
united with William Canter in luperintending the edition 
of Plantin’s Greek Bible; and afterwards lie performed a 
fimilar talk at Rome, whither he went to avail himfelf of 
the rich treafures in the Vatican library. He was cut off 
by a ftroke of apoplexy in 1599, about the age of fifty. 
He publiftied, x. Emendationes et Nota; in XII. Panegy- 
ricos Veteres. 2. Theodori Studitae Catecheles CXXXV. 
e Sirleti Cardinalis Bibliotheca, cum Scholiis. 3. Gregor, 
Nyffen. et Johan. Chryfoftom. de Virginitate. 4. Andro- 
nici Impel - . Difputatio cum Judaeo. He alio left behind 
him in manufeript, tranllations of the tragedies of Euri¬ 
pides, and of the works of Athenaeus. 
LIV'ING , participial adj. Vigorous; aflive : as, A liv¬ 
ing faith.—Being in motion. Having fome natural energy, 
or principle of adtion: as. The living green, the living 
ftprings. 
LIV'ING, f. Support; maintenance^ fortune on which 
one lives.—The Arcadians fought as 4 n unknown place, 
having no fuccour but in their hands ; the Helots, as in 
their own place, fighting for their livings, wives, and chil¬ 
dren. Sidney. —All they did caff in of their abundance 3 
but file of her want did call in all that file had, even all 
her living. Mark. —Power of continuing life.—There is no 
living without trulling fome body or other in fome cafes. 
L’EJlrange. —Livelihood.—Adlors mult reprefent fuch 
things as. they are capable to perform, and by which both 
they and the fcribbler may get their living. Dryden s Duf. 
Ifaac and his wife, now dig for your life. 
Or Ihortly you’ll dig for you living. Denham. 
Benefice of a clergyman.—The parfon of the parilh preach¬ 
ing againft adultery, Mrs. Bull told her hulband, that 
they would join to have him turned out of his living for 
ufing perfonal refiedfions. Arbuthnot. 
LIV'INGLY, adv. In the living ftate.—In vain do 
they fcvuple to approach the dead, who livingly are cada¬ 
verous; or fear any outward pollution, whofe temper pol¬ 
lutes theinfelves. Brown s Vulgar Errors. 
LIV'INGSTON, a county of Kentucky, in America, 
bounded north by the Ohio, weft by the Mifliflippi, and 
fouth by Teneffee ; feventv miles long and fixty broad. 
The principal rivers are the Cumberland and Teneffee. 
LIV'INGSTON, a large townfiiip in Columbia county. 
New York, extending from the ealt bank of Hudfon river 
to the Maffachufetts line, fouth of Hudfon adjoining. 
LIVINIE'RE, a town of France, in the department of 
the Herault: twelve miles fouth of St. Pons, and twenty- 
four weft of Breziers. 
LIVISTO'NA,_/ [named by Mr. Brown, in memory 
of lord Liviitone, who, when the Edinburgh botanic gar¬ 
den was firft eftabliflied, greatly enriched it from his own 
private colledlion, where he had above a thoufand fpecies 
in cultivation. This nobleman travelled over France in 
learch of plants, where he died of a fever, about the mid¬ 
dle of the feventeenth century.] In botany, a genus of 
the clafs hexandria, order monogynia, natural order palmas. 
Effential generic charadters—Calyx ; deeply three-cleft ; 
corolla 
