L O C 
lowing title : “ Modern Church-mufic pre-accufed, ceil- 
fbred, and obftruCted in its performance before his nrajefty.” 
Lock was long fufpeCted of being a catholic; and it is pro¬ 
bable that this new fervice, by leaning a little more to¬ 
wards the mafs than the fervice of the proteftant cathe¬ 
dral, may have given offence to fome zealous members 
of the church of England. 
Another quarrel we lhall mention was occafioned by 
the following well-meant publication : “An Effay to the 
Advancement of Mufic, by carting away the Perplexity 
of different Cliffs; and uniting all forts of Mufic, Lute, 
Viols, Violins, Organ, Harpfichord, Voice, &c. in one 
imiverfal Character; by T. Salmon, A. M. of Trinity Col¬ 
lege, Oxford. London, 1672.” This book (fays Burney) 
is well-written; and, though very illiberally treated by 
Lock, Playford, and fome other profeffors, contains no¬ 
thing that is either abfurd or impracticable ; nor could we 
difcover any lolid objection to its doCtrines being adopted, 
except the effeCt it might have upon old mufic, by foon 
rendering it unintelligible. At prefent the tenor cliff alone 
is thought an infuperable difficulty in our country, by di¬ 
lettanti performers on the harpfichord ; but, if Salmon’s 
limple and eafy mufical alphabet were chiefly in ufe, the 
bafe cliff would likewife be foon rendered as obfolete and 
difficult as the tenor; fo that two parts or cliffs out of 
three in prefent ufe, would become unintelligible. The 
author’s plan was fimply this; Inftead of the eight or 
nine cliffs that were then in ufe, as. 
to exprefs the whole fcale of founds on the five lines and 
jfpaces in this fimple manner : 
g in every part of the fcale being on the firft line, a on 
the firft l'pace, b on the fecond line. Sec. the letters pre¬ 
ceding each feptenary implying bafe, mean, treble, and 
foprano. This innocent and ingenious propofal was 
treated by Lock, in a pamphlet entitled, “ Obfervations 
on a late Book called an Effay, Sec.” not only with con¬ 
tempt, but with obloquy and unbridled abufe. 
To do Lock juftice, however, it muft be acknowledged, 
that to him we are indebted for the firft rules that were 
ever publifhed in England, for a baflo amtinuo, or tho-. 
rough-bafe; thefe rules he gave to the world, in a book 
entitled Melothefia, in oblong 4to. 1673. It is dedicated 
to Roger l’Eftrange, efq. afterwards fir Roger l’Eftrange, 
who was a good mufician, and an encourager of its pro¬ 
feffors. It contains, befides the thorough-bafe rules, fome 
leffons for the harpfichord and organ by Lock himfelf, 
and others. He was author likewife of feveral fongs 
printed in The Treafury of Mufic, The Theatre of Mufic, 
and other collections of fongs. In the latter of thefe is a 
dialogue, “ When death fhall part us from thefe kids,” 
which, with Dr. Blow’s “ Go, perjured man,” was ranked 
among the belt vocal competitions of the time. 
It is prefumed, that, when Lock was appointed com- 
poferin ordinary to the king, he was profefledly a mem¬ 
ber of the church of England ; but it is certain that 
be went over to the Romifh communion afterwards, and 
became organill: to queen Catharine of Portugal, the con- 
fort of Charles II. and died a papift in 1677. 
LOCKE, a town of Pruffia, in Ermeland ; eleven miles 
fouth of Heiitberg. 
LOCKE, a military town of America, in Milton town- 
fhip, New York, in Onondago county; thirteen miles 
jiorth-eaft of the fouth end of Cayuga lake. 
Vol. XII. No. 878, 
L O C 87" 
LOCKE (John), one of the greateft philofophers and 
moft powerful writers that ever adorned this country, 
was born at Wrington, in Somerfetfhire, on the 29th of 
Auguft, 1632. His father was a gentleman of ftriCt pro¬ 
bity and economy, and poffeffed a handfbme fortune. 
He took.great pains in the education of his fori ; and, 
when he was of a proper age, fent him to Weftminfter 
fchool, where he continued till the year 1651, when he 
was entered a ftudent of Chrift-cluirch college, in the 
univerlity of Oxford, Here he was diftinguilhed above 
all his contemporaries, and was confidered to be the moft; 
ingenious young man in the college. It appears, how¬ 
ever, that he was difgufted with the method of ftudy pre- 
feribed to him, which was after the manner of the peri¬ 
patetics ; and it is faid, that the books which firft gave 
him a relilh for the ftudy of philofophy were thofe written 
by Des Cartes. Having taken his degrees in arts in 1633 
and 1658, Mr. Locke for fome time clofely applied him¬ 
felf to the ftudy of phyfic ; and it is certain that, for a 
fliort time, he followed it as a profeffion. In the year 
1664, he accepted an offer to go abroad, as fecretary t» 
fir William Swan, envoy from Charles II. to the elector 
of Brandenburgh ; but, returning to England again within 
lefs than a year, he refumed his ftudies at Oxford with 
renewed vigour, applying himfelf particularly to natural 
philofophy. 
In 1666 he was accidentally introduced to the acquaint¬ 
ance of lord Aftiley, afterwards earl of Shaftefbury, in the 
capacity of a medical practitioner, during the ablence of 
the phyfician who regularly attended his lordfhip. When 
the noble lord left Oxford to go to Sunning Hill, he made 
Mr. Locke promife him a vifit there, which promife he 
performed in 1667. Having fecured him as an inmate, 
lord Aftiley fuffered himfelf to be governed entirely by 
his advice, and became fo much attached to him, that he 
would not fuffer him to praCtife medicine out of his own 
family, except in the cafe of'fome particular friends ; and„ 
perceiving that the great abilities of Mr. Locke were cal¬ 
culated to render him eminently ferviceable to the world 
in other departments of knowledge, urged him to apply 
his ftudies to ftate-affairs and political fubjeCts. To thefe 
Mr. Locke was naturally inclined; and fucceeded fo well, 
that lord Aftiley began to confult him on all occafions. 
He was now introduced to the fociety of fome of the molt 
eminent men of the age, who were all delighted with his 
converfation. In the year 1668, Mr. Locke accompanied 
the earl and countefs of Northumberland on a tour to 
France ; and remained in that country with the lady, while 
his lordfhip fet off to Italy, with an intention of vifiting 
Rome. This nobleman, however, died on his journey; 
and Mr. Locke accompanied the countefs to England, and 
again took up his refidence at lord Afbley’s. His lord- 
fhip, at that period chancellor of the exchequer, having, 
in conjunction with other noble lords, obtained a grant 
of Carolina in North America, employed Mr. Locke to 
draw up a conftitution for that province. Mr. Locke, 
notwithftanding his connection with lord Aftiley, made 
frequent vifits to Oxford, though he was at the fame time 
engaged to infpect the education of his lordlhip’s eldelt 
fon, an office which he executed with the greateft care, 
and to the entire fatisfaCtion of his employer. To Mr. 
Locke, likewife, was confided the important charge of fe- 
leCting a wife for the young man. This was a talk of 
great difficulty, as the father determined he ftiould only 
marry a lady of good family, of an agreeable temper, a 
fine perfon, and, above all, of good education and excel¬ 
lent underftanding. Notwithftanding the difficulties at¬ 
tending fuch a commiffion, Mr. Locke undertook it, and 
executed it to the perfeCt fatisfaCtion of all parties. The 
eldeft fon by this marriage, afterwards the author of the 
CharaCleriftics, was committed to the care of Mr. Locke 
in his education, and gave evidence to the world of the 
malter-hand which had directed and guided his genius. 
In 1670 Mr. Locke began to form the plan of his Effay 
on Hufnan Underftanding ; but he was too much engaged ' 
by his patron to make much progrefs in the work. In 
jo N 
