■880 
LOG 
rolla with all the fegroents dire&ed one way, (deeply five- 
cleft, with oblong ciliated fegments, G ) (tamens oppo¬ 
site to the petal, (five, unequal, G.) capfule three-celied, 
(gaping at top, G.) 
‘ Loefelia ciliata, or fringed loefelia ; a fingle fpecies. 
Found at Vera Cruz in South America by liouftoun. 
LQ'ET, a river of France, which runs into the Juine 
at Eftampes. 
LG'FANGER, a town of Sweden, in Weft Bothnia : 
forty miles north-north-eaft of Uinea. 
LOFAN'GO, one of the fmaller Friendly Ifiands-. five 
miles eaft-fouth-eaft of Neeneeva. 
LOF'FINGEN, a town of Germany, in the lordffdp of 
Furltenburg. Here is a medicinal bath: three miles weft- 
fouth-weft of Huiffingen, and fix weft of Furftenberg. 1 
LOFOE'REN, a clufter of fmall ifiands in the North 
Sea, near the coaft of Norway. Lat. 68. N. 
LOF'SA, a river of Heffe, which runs into the Fulda 
near Melfungen. 
LOFSA'LO, a fmall ifland in the gulf of Finland. 
Lat. 6o. 2. N. Ion. 46. 2. E. 
LOF'STA, a town of Sweden, in Smaland 5 feventy 
miles north of Calmar. 
LOF'STA, a town of Sweden, in the province of Up¬ 
land ; with a hammer-mill, eight forges, and a fmelting- 
furnace; thefe -works were burned and deftroyed by the 
Ruffians in the year 1719, but have lince been rebuilt; 
forty miles north of Upfal. 
LOFT, f \lloft, Wei ill; or from lift.'] A floor.—Euty- 
chus fell down from the third loft. Ads. —The liigheft 
floor; 
An ever-drizzling rain upon the loft, 
Tvlixt with a murm’ring wind. Fairy Queen. 
Rooms on high : 
Pafting through the fpheres of watchful fire, 
And hills of fnow, and lofts of piled thunder. Milton. 
LOFT, adj. [for aloft. ] High. Chaucer. 
LOF'TILY, adv. [from lofty .] On high; in an elevated 
place. Proudly; haughtily.—They fpeak wickedly con¬ 
cerning oppreflion-. they fpeak loftily. Pfal. Ixxiii. 8.— 
With elevation of language or fentiment; fublimely; 
My lowly verfe may loftily arife, 
And lift itfelf unto the higheft ikies. Fairy Queen. 
LOF'TINESS, f. Height; local elevation. Sublimity; 
elevation of fentiment: 
The firft in loftinefs of thought furpafs’d. 
The next in majefty ; in both the lait. Drydtn. 
Pride; haughtinefs.—Auguftus and Tiberius had loftinefs 
enough in their temper, and affected to make a fovereign 
figure. Collier. 
LOF'TUS, a townfiiip of Yorkfirire, in the north-riding: 
fix miles north-eaft of Gifborough. 
LOF'TY, adj. [from loft, or lift.~\ High: hovering; 
elevated in place.—Cities of men with lofty gates and 
tow’rs. Milton. 
See lofty Lebanon his head advance. 
See nodding forefts on the mountains dance. Pope. 
Elevated in condition or character.—Thus faith the high 
and lofty One. ljaiah. —Sublime ; elevated in fentiment.— 
He knew to fing and build the lofty rhime. Milton. —Proud; 
haughty.—The eyes of the lofty fhall be humbled. Ifaiah. 
Lofty and four to them that lov’d him not; 
But, to thofe men that fought him, fweet as fummer. 
Skakefpeare. 
LOFVES'TA, a feaport town of Sweden, in the pro¬ 
vince of Schonen; twenty-five miles fouth of »Chri(lian- 
ftadt. 
LOFVSTU'TE, a town of Africa, in Biledulgerid: fifty- 
fix miles fouth-eaft of Gadamis. 
LOG, f. [ Skinner derives it from liggan. Sax. to lie ; 
LOG 
Junius from logge, Dut. fluggifh; perhaps the Lat. lignum , 
wood, is the true original.] A fhapelefs bulky piece of 
wood.—The worms with many feet are bred under logs of 
timber, and many times in gardens, where no logs are. 
Bacon. 
Some log, perhaps, upon the water fwam. 
An ufelefs drift, which, rudely cut within. 
And hollow’d,, firft a floating trough became, 
And crols fome riv’let paffage did begin. Drydcn. 
A filver medal was prefented to Mr. Richard Knight, 
ironmonger, of Fofter-lane, Cheapfide, by the Society for 
the Encouragement of Arts, in the year 1802, for his me¬ 
thod of breaking-up logs of wood, for the purpofes of 
fuel, by blafting them with gunpowder. The following 
account is extra&ed from his communication to the fo- 
ciety. “I have frequently obferved the great difficulty, 
labour, and lols of time, experienced in breaking-up logs 
of wood, particularly for the purpofe of fuel; fuch as the 
Humps and roots of large trees, which remain after the 
felling of timber; many of which, efpeciaily fuch as con- 
lift of the harder and more knotty kind, as oaks, elms, 
yews, &c. are frequently left to rot in the ground, in or¬ 
der to avoid the necefi'ary expenfe of breaking them to 
pieces in the common way, which is generally effeded by 
the axe, and driving a fucceffion of iron wedges with a 
Hedge-hammer; a laborious and tedious procel's. Some¬ 
times gunpowder is ufed, by fetting a blaft in a fimilar 
way to that in mines or ftone-quarries. This method, 
though lefs laborious than the former, is tedious, is at¬ 
tended with Several difficulties, and requires confiderable 
experience and dexterity, or the plug will be more fre¬ 
quently blown out than the block rent by the explofion. 
With a view, therefore, to obviate thefe difficulties, I have 
conftrufted an inltrument, a lketch and def'eription of 
which I now inclofe for your approbation. The iimpli- 
city of its conftruftion and application is fuch as almoffc 
to preclude an idea of its originality ; but, as it has hi¬ 
therto appeared entirely new to ail my acquaintance, and 
as I do not know that any thing of the kind has ever be¬ 
fore been prefented to the public, I am induced to think 
it may not be unacceptable.” Fig. 1 on the annexed Plate 
reprefents the inltrument, which confifts (imply of a fcrew, 
with a fmall hole drilled through its centre. The head 
of the fcrew is formed into two Itrong horns, for the more 
ready admiffion of the lever by which it is to be turned. 
a a reprefents a wire, for the purpofe of occafionally clear¬ 
ing the touch-hole. When a block of wood is to be 
broken, a hole is to be bored with an auger of a proper- 
depth, and a charge of gunpowder introduced. The 
fcrew is to be turned into the hole, till it nearly touches 
the powder; a quick-match is then to be put down the 
touch-hole (after taking out the wire a a) till it reaches 
the charge. The quick-match is made by lteeping a roll 
of twine or linen thread in a folution of faltpetre. This 
match may be about eighteen inches in length, which will 
afford the operator an opportunity of retiring, after light¬ 
ing it, to a place of fafety. 
LOG, f. A machine, by which a (hip’s progrefs is com¬ 
puted .—Log is a machine ul'ed to meafure the (hip’s head¬ 
way, or the rate of her velocity as (lie advances through 
the fea. It is compofed of a reel and line, to which is 
fixed a fmall piece of wood forming the quadrant of a cir¬ 
cle. Hawkefzuortk's Voyages. 
The common log is a fmall piece of timber of a trian¬ 
gular, fe&oral, or quadrantal, figure, as reprefented on the 
annexed Plate, at fig. 2. It is generally about a quarter 
of an inch thick, and five or fix inches from the angular 
point to the circumference. It is balanced by a thin 
plate of lead, nailed to the arch, or circular fide, fo as to 
i'witn perpendicularly in the water. A little cord, or line, 
about a hundred and fifty fathoms long, is faftened to the 
log by means of two legs, a, b, fig. 2 and 3. one of which 
pati’es through a hole at the corner, and is knotted on the 
oppofite fide, while the other leg is attached to the arch 
3 by 
