INDEX to the Article LANGUAGE. 
ABRAHAM carried the origin.illanguage 
into Canaan, 159; which was under- 
ftood wherever he travelled, &c. 160. 
Arabic, 162; derived from the Hebrew, 
163 ; it: richnefs and beauty, 164. 
Ar'acan dialect. i 63 
Armenian, 763; how formed, 166. 
Aulus GelliuSj 186. 
Bards, or fongfters, of the Greeks, 178. 
Bafque, or Bifcay tongue, 188. 
Batta language and manners, 167. 
Cadmus brings letters i..to Greece, 177. 
Celtic tongue, 181, 184; has every ap¬ 
pearance of an original language, 195. 
Chaldean language alrnoft the fame as the 
Hebrew, 159; by fome fuppofed prior 
toit, 160; farther accountof it,161. 
Chinefe language, 168; has every mark of 
an original tongue, 169; farther confi- 
dered, in conjunction with the other mo- 
nofyllabic tongues, ryo; different dialeCts, 
173; fpecimen of their cufmogony, 174. 
Cicero’s works, a ftandaid for Latin, 184, 5. 
Confufion of tongues, 158, 9. 
Cornidi tongue, exi:n£t, 1965 curious par¬ 
ticulars relating to it, 197. 
Daniffi language, 199. 
Egyptiantongue.a diaieflof theHebrew,l 62. 
Englilh traced Irorn a rude ftate, 2005 com¬ 
pared with the Scotch, 201; its excel¬ 
lences and defefts, 202, 3. 
Erfe, or Gffilic, 195. 
Ethiopian the fame as the Chaldee, 161; 
and the Egyptian, 162. 
Etrufcan language, 161, 
Eugubine tables, 177. 
French language, 192. 
Gaelic, or Erfe, a dialed of the Celtic 
tongue, 195. 
German, 199; more ufed in original works 
than formerly, 2C0, 
Gets and Goths the fame people, 198, 
Gothic language, 18 ij parent of the north- 
A BORIGINAL LAWS, 337. 
Adam’s fix precepts, 337. 
Admiralty prize-courts, 335. 
Adoption, the earlieft inftance of, 338 ; in 
China, 346 ; among the Romans, 360. 
Adultery, how punilhed in China, 347. 
Ahrimanius, the evil principle of Zoroalter, 
35°. 
Alfred’s Dome-book, 367; revived and im¬ 
proved by king Edgar, 377. 
Alliances and allies, 333. 
Ambafl’adors and other public minifters,327; 
their duties, 328. 
Armed neutrality, 335. 
Aflifes and circuits, 380. 
Auxiliary and fubfidiary troops diftinguiffied 
from thofe of an ally, 333; and from 
thofe of an enemy, 334. 
Baftards in Scotland, how legitimated, 392. 
Bible prohibited in China, 349, 
Borough Englilh, a fingular cuftom, 369; 
need not be proved, 370. 
Bramin call, its fuperiority in every cafe,341. 
Canon-law, 371, 2 ; introduced here by 
king Stephen, 39. 
Carthaginians, their commercial and moral 
character, 323. 
Ceffio bonorum, a curious cafe, 393, 4. 
Charles I. bis folly and his fate, 383. 
Charles 11. abolifhes the feudal tenures, 
confents to the habeas-corpus aCt, and 
other falutary laws, 384. 
China, its laws but very lately known 
among us, 344; its laws enumerated, 
345-35°) literature highly honoured, 
346; fingular notices relating to minifters 
of ftate and their panegyrifts, 330. 
Cbriftianity has a great influence upon the 
law of nations, 322. 
Civil law, 371; not to be preferred to our 
own municipal law, 374. 
Coke’s and Croke’s Reports, 369. 
ern tongues, 198 ; itfelf derived from the 
primitive language, 199. 
Greeks, 175; did not receive their firft 
characters from the Phoenicians, 176; 
their language improved by the Thraci¬ 
ans, and by Cadmus, 177 5 their bards 
and poetry, 178: dialeCts, ibid, ignorant 
of etymology, 179; changes the language 
has undergone, 180; its beauties, 18 I ; 
the digamma, 199. 
Hebrew fuppofed to be the original lan¬ 
guage, 158; its nature examined, 159; 
leeins to have been generally ufed in the 
time of Abraham, 160; rabbinical He¬ 
brew, ibid. 
Homer, 178; perfected theGreek poetry, 180. 
Icelandic tongue, 199. 
Ionim, primitive inhabitants of Greece, 176, 
Irifti language, 196. 
Italian, whence derived, 188; not perfected 
till the twelfth century, 189 ; character, 
190; particularly fitted for mufic, 191. 
Koreifli dialeCt, the language of the Alco¬ 
ran, 163. 
Language, definition of, 1535 diftinguifhed 
from the cries of brutes, 154; whether 
invented or by infpiration, 155; Hebrew 
or Chaldee fuppofed to be the original 
language, or derived immediately from 
it, 158; eaftern languages, 159; Indo- 
Chinefe languages, 167; monofyllabic 
languages, 170. Greek, 175; Latin 
and its derivatives, 181 j Sclavonian, 
193 j Celtic, 195 ; Gothic and its deri¬ 
vatives, 198; univerfal, 203. 
Latin formed from the oEolian Greek, 
281; their inflexions compared, 1823 
their differences, 183; its progrefs, 2845 
caufes of its decline, 185; authors not 
numerous, 186; vulgar or colloquial 
language, 1873 whence the French, Span- 
ilh, and Italian, are fuppofed to be de¬ 
rived, 388j law-latin, 385. 
L A W. 
Commerce, laws of, 323; refpeCVIng neu¬ 
trals, 334 ; in China, 348. 
Common law of England, 365 3 whence de¬ 
rived, 366, 7, 377 ; its conftituent parts, 
3683 injured by the Norman refine¬ 
ments, 378. 
Confucius, his family the only inftance of 
hereditary nobility in China, 346. 
Congreffes for treating of peace, 336. 
Conftitution of England, whence derived, 
365 ; uncertain, 376. 
Confuls and confuls-general, 324. 
Conventions between parties at war, 332 3 
as binding as thofe made during peace, 
333 5 preliminary, 336. 
County-courts, 377, 8. 
Criminal laws of the Jews, 339, 40. 
Curfeu, enadlment and abolition of, 379. 
Cuftoms, general, 368; particular, 369; con¬ 
ditions upon which they are allowed, 370. 
Debtor and creditor, law of, in China, 3483 
at Rome, 359; in Scotland, 393. 
Deforcement in Scots law, 394. 
Diplomatic papers, 327, 8. 
Difobedience and punilhment, two effential 
ingredients of law, 316; not rewards,320. 
Divorces among the Jews, 339; among the 
Hindoos, 342; the Chinele, 347 ; the 
Greeks, 3563 the Romans, 3593 the 
Scotch, 392. 
Duelling, a capital offence in Scotland, 394. 
Edgar, his Weft-Saxon lage, 377. 
Education of youth among the Hindoos, 
341; the Chinefe, 346; the Spartans, 
353 j the Athenians, 356. 
Edward the Confeffor, his laws, 367; partly 
reftored by Henry I. 379. 
Edward the Firft, called the Englilh Jufti- 
nian, 380. Edward the Third, 381. 
Elizabeth, queen, eftablilhes the poor-laws, 
3823 an arbitrary prinoefs, 38a j hut po¬ 
litic, 383, 
Little Tartary, or Scythia, the original 
feat of the Goths, 198, 
Malay tongue, 167. 
Manks language, 197. 
Northmore’s plan for an univerfal language, 
2 ° 4 .. 5 - 
Pahlavi, or ancient Perfian, 164; fimilar to 
the Chaldee, Hebrew, and Syriac, 165. 
Pali language, and its diale£ts, 168. 
Parfi, or modern Perfian, 164. 
Pegu language, 168. 
Pelafgi, their language and charadter, 176 ; 
they inftruttand polilh the Greeks, 177. 
Perfian language, three kinds of, 164 5 the 
parent of the Gothic, Greek, and Latin, 
199. _ 
Phoenician language, 361, 176, 197. 
Polybius, his ftyle refembles the N. X. 180. 
Portuguefe language, 188. 
Pfammetichus king of Egypt, his experi¬ 
ment to difeover the original language, 154. 
Romance language, 187. 
Ruffians, and their language, 193 ; their 
grammar, 194. 
Salluft and Seneca, 185. 
Sanlkrit language, 166. 
Sclavonian language, 196. 
Scotch dialed!, 201. 
Seneca the Stoic, 185, 6. 
Siamefe language, 168. 
Spaniffi language, 187, 8. 
Swedifii language, 199. 
Tacitus, his ftyle, 185. 
Tagala charadter, 167. 
Thracian language, a dialed! of the Greek, 
1773 derived from the eaftern tongues, 198. 
Velleius Paterculus, 185. 
Ulphilas, bilhop of the Goths, 198. 
Univerfal language, 203 5 fcheme of one, 
204. 
Welch language, ftrudture of, 196 3 care¬ 
fully preferved, 19 7. 
Zend, a very ancient dialed! of Perfia, 164. 
Embaffies of various kinds, 327 ; fecret, 328. 
England, law of, 365—386. 
Equity defined, 321,23 aliifts and moderates 
the law, 374. 
Ex-poft-fadto law, 318. 
Feudal fyftem, whence derived, 367, 378; 
more ancient in Scotland than in Eng¬ 
land, 386. 
Foreft-laws, 378, 9; foftened by the Charta 
de Forefta, 380. 
Gavelkind, a particular cuftom, 369, 70. 
Government, three fpecies of, 318; com¬ 
bined in the Britiffi conftitution, 319. 
Greece, laws of, 353—358; of Lycurgus, 
3 59 3 of Solon, 355. 
Greeks and Romans, moral charadter, 323. 
Guarantee of a treaty, 336. 
Henry I. reftores in fome degree the Saxon 
laws, 379. 
Henry II. legal particulars of his reign, 379. 
Henry VIL ftate of the laws in his reign, 
381. 
Henry VIII. 381 3 legal enadtments in his 
reign, 382. 
Hermodorus the Ephefian, 358. 
Hindoos, their knowledge of afironomy, 
340 3 code of religion, and of education, 
343 ; inftrudtions to princes, and laws, 
342 344 * 
.Temleheed, an ancient legiflator, 350. 
Jewifh laws, 338 ; their general character, 
340. 
Inheritances among the Jews, 339; among 
the Hindoos, 342 ; the Chinefe, 34.8 ; 
the Athenians, 357 ; the Romans, 360. 
Jones, fir Win. tranflator of the Jnftitutes 
of Hindoo Law, 340. 
Intereft, not permuted among the jews, 339 5 
rate of, in China, 348 ; in Rome, 361. 
Ireland, before the union, 394; articles of 
union, 395. 
Jury, whether required by our Saxon ancsk. 
