tors to be unanimous, 378 5 not required 
in Scotland, 389. 
jufticiary, a great officer under Wm. I. 378, 
Juftinian, his Jufticiary Court in Scotland, 
389; general precepts, 316; adopts the 
refcripts, 321; ftate of the laws at his 
acceffion, 363 ; his Code, &c. 364. 
Lacedaemon, government of, 353 ; con- 
trafted with that of Athens, 355, 
Language of the law, 385. 
Law, its various fignifications, 31 5 ; of law 
in general, 316—322; of nature, and of 
revehtion, 316; of nations, 317,322; 
municipal or civil law, 317, 371 ; ex 
poll fa£lo, 31S; the conftituent parts of 
a law, 319; interpretation of laws, 321; 
ancient laws, 337—363 ; aboriginal law, 
337; of the Jews, 338 ; of the Hindoos, 
340; of the Chinefe, 344; ofZoroafter, 
350; of Greece, 353 ; of Lycurgus, 353; 
of Solon, 355 j of Rome, 358 ; of the 
Twelve Tables, 3 58 ; of Juftinian, 363 ; 
of England, 365 ; of Wales, 386 ; of 
Scotland, 386 ; of Ireland, 394. 
Lawgivers, ancient, 337, 451. 
-Lawlefs Court, 400. 
Lawyers, greatly increal'ed, 402. 
Letters of council, 326 ; of cabinet, 327 ; 
of credence, and of recommendation, 
328 ; of marque, 329, 540. 
Lex mercatoria, or cuftom of merchants, 
369; part of the law of England, 370. 
Literature, highly honoured in China, 346. 
Lycurgus, his laws, 353. 
Magna Charta, provifions of, 380. 
Maritime law, 324; who are maritime 
powers, 325, 6; maritime honours, 326. 
Marriages among the Jews, 338 ; among 
the Hindoos, 341, 2; the Chinefe, 347 ; 
DIRECTIONS for 
the Perfiaiu, 354 ; the Athenians, 356 j 
the llomans, 339 ; the Scots, 39s, 
Memorials of two kinds, 327. 
Menu, tic lawgiver of the Hindoos, 340. 
Meflengers of ftate, 328. 
Minors, how Indulged by the Scots Iaw,393. 
Mortgage, law of, in China, 348. 
Municipal or civil law defined and differed, 
317. 
Murder, by the Scots law, 394. 
Nations, law of, 322; little regarded by 
the heathens and Mahometans, 323 ; or 
by the F ench, 337. 
Navigation, how far free, 324, 5. 
Negotiations by writing, 326 ; by embafty, 
327. 
Neutrality ccnftdered, 334. 
Norman conqueft, how it aft'edted the com¬ 
mon law of England, 37.8 ; and the gene¬ 
ral condition of the people, 3-/9. 
Numa, fecond king of Home, 358 ; his law 
for chaptered companies, 362. 
Original contract, or ccmpadr, 318. 
Ormuzd, or Oromafdes. ^50. 
Parental power among the- Jews, 338 ; the 
Hindoos, 341 ; the C inefe, 346.; the 
Athenians, 357; the Romans, 359. 
Peace, proceedings relating to, 335, 6. 
Poor-laws framed by queen Elizabeth, 382. 
Refcripts of the Roman emperors, 321, 
Revolution, its effedt upon the law of 
England, 384. 
Rome, laws of, 358-3C5 ; the royal laws, 
358 ; the laws of the Twelve Tables, 
358—362; the code of Juftinian, 363; 
the Englifh conftitution hence derived, 
365, 6 ; particularly the civil law, 3-1. 
Saxcn heptarchy, 376 ; laws, 377 ; almoit 
abrogated by the conquelt, 37S. 
placing 
Scotland, ancient laws of, finillar to thofe 
of England, 386; united to England, 
387 ; acts in the parliament of GreuS 
Britain relating to Scotland, 388: a few 
particulars of the laws of Scotland where 
they differ from thofe of England, 389- 
394; fentencas not to be executed im¬ 
mediately, 394. 
Slavery among the Jews, 339, 40. 
Society, origin of, 318, 
Solon, his laws, 353. 
Sovereignty of the lea, 325. 
Sparta, laws off as ir.llituted by Lycurgus, 
353 - 355 * 
Statute-lav/, 372—376; wantsrevifion, 385, 
Statutes, ho.v referred to, and the different 
kinds uf, 372; requifites of, 373. 
Study of the laws, 374; necelfary for all 
ranks, 375 ; direitims, 376. 
JSubfidies diftinguiftu-d from alliances, 333. 
Ta Tfing Leu Lee, or the laws of China, 
344 ; imperial edidl relating to, 345. 
Trial by combat, 378; by jury, 378; by 
ordeal, 378: abolilhed, 380; trial of 
crimes in Scotland, 389. 
Tribonian, the Roman lawyer, 363, 4. 
Truces, nature of, 333. 
Twelve Tables, laws of (lie, 358—362 ; 
learned by heart at Rome, 374. 
Union of Walts with England, 386 ; of 
Scotland with England, 386 ; of Ireland 
with Gre ! Britain, 395 
Wales, h—, - •' 386. 
War, various km as . ;".o ; laws of, 330. 
Wrecks of the fea, 3 5. 
Year-books, 26 1 
Zendavesta, 01 laws of Zoroafter, 350-353. 
Zoroafter, 350; probably a Jew, 351; iden¬ 
tified church and Ante, 332. 
the COPPER-PLATES to VOL. XII, 
6 . 
7 - 
8 . 
9 
10 
18 
>9 
20 
21 
*9 
Frontifpiece— Law - to face the Title 
Labrador Efquitnaux Indians - - page 
Laeri?s, Plate I. Three of the fmaller fpecies 
of Wraffe - - - 
Labrus, Plate II. The Common Wraffe, or 
Old Wife; and the Sea Old Wife - 21 
Labrus, Plate III. The Red Wraffe, and 
the Green Wraffe - - - 23 
.Lacerta, Plate I. The Crocodile of the Nile 34 
Lacerta, Plate II. The Leviathan of the 
Scriptures - - - 35 
Lacerta, Plate III. The Bafilifk, and two 
other Lizards - - 38 
Lacerta, Plate IV. Guana, Water-Newts,&c. 41 
Lacerta, Plate V. Salamander, Gecko, and 
Chameleon - - - - 47 
11. Lacerta, Plate VI. Seinks and fhort-footed 
Lizards - - - - 62 
12. Lagerstrcemia, Lampyrxs, and Langaya 83 
13. Lambertia formofa, from New South Wales 99 
14. Lamps of different kinds - - - 116 
15. Lancashire, Map of - - - 129 
26. Lanius, Plate I. The'Greatefl Butcher-bird 212 
11. Lanius, Plate II. Common Butcher-bird, 
and Blue Shrike - ... 216 
Lanius. Plate III. Pied Shrike, and Cayenne 
Red Shrike - - - - - 217 
Lanius, Plate IV. and Laplisia. The Mag¬ 
pie Shrike, and the Excoriating Worm - 218 
Laplanders in their proper Dreifes _ - 231 
Larus. The Winter Mew and Arftic Gull 250 
22. Lathrjea and Lathyrus Plants - - 265 
23. Lavater, Portrait of - - 283 
j 24. Laud, Portrait of 286 
25. Lavoisier, Portrait of 302 
26. Laurus, the Willow-leaved Bay - - 311 
27. Lawsonia, the Henna of the Scriptures - 401 
28. Leather. Machine for Splitting Skins - 423 
29. Leeuwenhoek, Portrait of - - 444 
30. Leicestershire, Map of - 459 
31. Dr. Leland, Portrait of - - 465 
32. Lemur. Three Species of Maucauco - 474 
33. Leotia, Lepidium, Lepisma, Leptoce- 
phalus, and Leptura - 501 
34. Lepus, the Hare, Rabbit, &c. ' - - 520 
35. L"ern.ta, Leucophra, Leucopsis, Libel- 
lula, and Licea - - 526 
36. Letter-Copier and Leveller - - 546 
37. Lichen, Plate I. - - - - 614 
38. Lichen, Plate II. - - - 616 
39. Life-Preservers - - - 658 
40. Light. Apparatus for Gas-Lights - - 683 
4r. Ligusticum Scoticum, Scotch Lovage - 699 
4.2. Lilium. The Great Yellow Martagon Lily- 705 
43. Limax and Limodorum. The "'Spinning 
.Slug, and the Tall Limodorum - - 714 
44. Limonia, and Limosella, or Mudwort - 730 
45. Lincolnshire, Map of - - - 735 
46. Limdstea falcata and trapeziformis - - 741 
4.7. l.iNNiEA borealis - - - - - 751 
48. Linn.tus, Portrait of - 752 
49. Linum and Liouidambar - - - 764 
50. Lobaria and Lobelia ' - - - 854 
51. Locks of different kinds - 7 869 
52. Locke, Portrait of - - - 873 
53. Logs and Logarithms - - - 880 
The old Plate of the Safeguard Lizard, publifhed in the iff volume, is to be cancelled, as there is now a complete 
fet of new Engravings to iliuflrate the article Lacerta. 
The following Plates of Heraldry, publifhed in this volume, 29, 38, 40, 42,43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 5 °> 5 T > 52, 53 * 
5 4* 55> 56, 57, 58, 59, 60. 61, 62, 63, 64, 6j, 65*, 65J, 89, 90, 93, 94, 95, 96, ico, no, hi, 112, 113, 114, 115, 
and thofe given in the Tenth and Eleventh Volumes, together with iignature 9 O', (in this N°.) which contains 
the defection of the four lad Plates of Subfcribers’ Arms, are to be carried to the Ninth Volume, making that 
volume, and the important article Heraldry, entirely complete. 
J. ADLAKD, Piintci ) 
b<ii thoiomew CIoic. 
END of the TWELFTH VOLUME, 
