10 
HORN EXPEDITION—ANTHROPOLOGY. 
and entirely so in Mr. Gillen’s—the natives to the north are referred to as 
Aldolina, those to the south as Urlewaga or Urlewa, to the west Andigarifia, 
and to the east Aiyerara or lyerara. Consequently, we were for some time 
under the impression that these names wei’e those of different tiibes and, indeed, 
some of them appear in various communications as tribal names, whereas, in fact, 
the natives so referred to are not necessarily members of the same tribe. 
Occasionally they attach the name of some important geographical feature, and it 
was not uncommon to hear a man of the Arunta tribe spoken of as a Larapinta 
(Finke River) blackfellow. 
It will.be observed that in some instances throughout this paper I have been 
obliged to give alternative spellings for the native names. This ai'ises not so much 
from the difficulty of expressing accurately native sounds in English letters, 
although that is not always easy, but rather from the fact that valuations in the 
pronunciation of words, either of local origin or arising from imperfect orthoepy, do 
actually occur. For instance the name of the tribe just referred to was, in the 
southei’ly and westerly regions, often pronounced as if spelt Arunda There is more¬ 
over a noticeable tendency to clip a terminal syllable as, for example, in the general 
use of Urlewa for Urlewaga (south), and again in the pronunciation of the name of 
the Luritcha tribe it was sometimes very difficult to say whether the terminal short 
vowel sound should be expressed by “ a ” or “ i ” or omitted altogether, or whether 
the letter “I” should precede the initial “ L.” So also the native name for the 
mole-like marsupial [Noioryctes typhlops) which was often on our lips was variously 
spoken of as Urquamata, Urkamata or Urkaamata, and many other examples 
might be quoted. 
In the large area of country traversed by the Expedition natives belonging to 
two tribes only were met with—the Arunta or Arunda, of which our principal 
“ black boy,” a tracker of mature years in the service of the police at Oodnadatta, 
usually spoke as the Lurna Arunda and the Luritcha or Luritchi. The former 
occupies the tract of country traversed by the telegraph line stretching from 
Oodnadatta, or, more strictly speaking, from the Maeumba Creek in the south 
through Dalhousie Springs, Charlotte Waters, Crown Point, Mount Burrell and 
Owen Springs to Alice Springs in the McDonnell Ranges. 
Westward of the telegraph line the Arunta tribe occupies the main valley of 
the Finke River, and extends as far as the Mission Station at Hermannsburg and 
possibly further. How far the boundary extends to the eastward of the telegraph 
line I am unable to say, but Mr. Gillen informs me that the Arunta-Ilpma— the 
section of the Arunta tribe belonging to the Alice Springs district—extends to 
