HORN EXPEDITION—ANTHROPOLOGY. 
61 
GRAMINE/E. 
The seeds of species of Panic grass—of which those of P. decompositum are 
the most largely used—and, possibly of other grasses, all of which occur in great 
profusion at times, are collected in quantities and treated in the same way as 
“Munyeru.” One kind is known at Alice Springs as “ Etwuta,” another as 
“Alcherta.” A kind of cake is there also made of a mixture of the ground 
meal of “ Ingwitchika,” “ Munyeru ” and “ Etwuta.” 
Honey. 
The flowers of some of the species of Grevillea and Hakea, particularly of the 
former, contain nectar in sufficient quantities to be shaken out and collected for 
eating. 
Plants used for other purposes than for Food. 
SOLANCE/E. 
Duboisi-A. Hopwoodii. “ Pitchuri.” Though growing in various parts of the 
districts visited and especially in the neighbourhood of Lake Amadeus and Ayers 
Rock, the chewing of the leaves of this plant appears not to be practiced by the 
native inhabitants as it is by those of districts adjoining the Queensland border, 
where it is also extensively used as a trading article. Its poisonous properties are, 
however, well recognised, and they are utilised for the purpose of poisoning emus, 
as previously described. 
It is perhaps worth noticing that in the neighbourhood of Port Darwin fish 
are similarly poisoned, being either stupified or killed outright by similarly placing in 
pools the leaves of a plant which was identified by Mr. Holtze, junior, as Tephrosia 
lamprolobioides. Mr. Foelsche informs me that the pounded bark of an unidentified 
tree is also similarly used in the same locality. Mr. Maiden* mentions Tephrosia 
purpurea^ Pers, as being employed in the same way in many tropical countries, but 
its poisonous properties do not appear to be recognised by these natives. 
Nicotiana suaveolens. “Native tobacco.” For human use the place of 
“ Pitchuri ” is taken by the abovenamed plant. Growing freely in many places 
the chewing of its leaves and stems is a general practice amongst both the Arunta 
and Luritcha tribes. Though in several instances I saw portions of the dried plant 
* “ Useful Native Plants of Australia.” Maiden, p. 204. 
